Riachuelo Formation

Riachuelo Formation
Riachuelo Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Aptian-Early Cenomanian; ~
	Reconstruction of the fauna from the Riachuelo Formation
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Angico Member Taquari Member Maruim Member
Underlies	Cotinguiba Formation
Overlies	Muribeca Formation
Thickness	500 m (1,600 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Packstone, Grainstone
Other	Mudstone, siltstone, siliciclastic
Location
Region	Sergipe-Alagoas Basin of Northeastern Brazil
Country	Brazil
Extent	20 kilometres (12 mi)
Type section
Named for	Riachuelo, Sergipe
Named by	Moraes Rego

The Riachuelo Formation is a geologic formation of the Early to Late Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Cenomanian) age in northeastern Brazil's Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. It is the first Formation of the Basin to contain sediments deposited under fully marine conditions. The formation is subdivided into three members: Angico, Taquari and Maruim.[1]

The formation has provided fossils of ammonites, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, serpulids, equinoderms, ostracoids, radiolarians, lobsters and Crabs. Several fish species reported from the Santana Formation also occur in this formation, namely: Cladocyclus gardneri, Neoproscinetes penalvai, Notelops brama, Rhacolepis buccalis, Tharrhias araripis and Vinctifer comptoni.[2][3][4][5] Santanichthys diasii is also reported from the Taquari Member of the Riachuelo Formation.[6] Teeth and vertebrae of elasmobranchii have also been found in the formation.[7]

Description

The Riachuelo Formation is a 500 metres (1,600 ft)[8] thick mix of Aptian and Albian sediments formed by high-energy shelf carbonate deposits (oncolitic-oolitic-peloidal-bioclastic packstones and grainstones), interbedded with lagoonal mudstones and siltstones, and fan-delta like siliciclastic rocks.[9] It overlies Muribeca Formation and underlies the Cotinguiba Formation.[10] The formation sprouts in a track approximately 20 km wide and it extends itself between the cities of Itaporanga d’Ajuda and Pacatuba.[10] It also has outcrops in the cities of Riachuelo, Santa Rosa de Lima, Divina Pastora, Laranjeiras, Rosário do Catete, Maruim, General Maynard and Carmópolis.[11]

There are three members of this formation: Angico Member, whose environment has been interpreted as costal areas consisting of the basin margins and grabens, deltaic fans formed, and the coarse sediments they carried, the Maruim Member, in the lower sedimentation areas,with carbonate ramps and dolomitized oolite/oncolite banks deposited under fluctuating sea level conditions, and the Taquari Member, corresponding to calcareous mudstone and shale from lagoonal and slope environments.[5][11]

Cross section of riachuelo formation's shelf and sea.

Ammonites are particularly plentiful and have provided a firm biocronostratigraphic control for the basin. The succession of ammonites is divided in five zones: The Epicheloniceras-Diadochoceras-Eodouvilleiceras zone, from the Aptian, the Douvilleiceras zone, from the lower Albian, the Oxytropidoceras zone, from the middle Albian, and the Elobiceras and Mortoniceras-Neokentroceras zones, both from the late Albian.[1]

History

The name Riachuelo Formation was used for the first time in the geological literature by Moraes Rego in 1929. Then, in 1959, Bender made a new interpretation, separating the upper part of the Riachuelo Formation from the lower one, naming it Maruim. This lower unit described by Bender was considered by Beurlen K. in 1963 as only one facies of the Riachuelo-Maruim Complex. In 1970, Schaller analyzed the unit again and segmenting it into four members: Angico, Taquari, Maruim and Aguilhada. Feijó, in 1994, classified the formation as a siliciclastic-carbonatic platform complex and divided it into the members: Angico, Taquari and Maruim, which is the classification currently used.[4]

Fossil content

Molluscs

Molluscs of the Riachuelo Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Description	Images
Douvilleiceras[12]	D. sergipensis D. euzebioi		An Douvilleiceratidae ammonite
Puzosia[12]	P. rosarica P. brasiliana P. garajuana		An Desmoceratidae ammonite
Neokentroceras[12]	N. tectorium		An Brancoceratidae ammonite
Elobiceras[4]	E. lobitoense E. raymondi		An Brancoceratidae ammonite
Oxytropidoceras[4]	O. buarquianum O. sergipensis O. involutum O. mauryae		An Brancoceratidae ammonite
Mortoniceras[4]	M. sergipensis M. rostratum		An Brancoceratidae ammonite
Vectisites[13]	V. simplex		An ammonite
Eodouvilleiceras[13]			An Douvilleiceratidae ammonite
Cheloniceras[14]			An Douvilleiceratidae ammonite
Diadochoceras[14]			An Parahoplitidae ammonite
Deshayesites[14]			An Deshayesitidae ammonite
Anisoceras[14]			An Anisoceratidae ammonite
Protanisoceras[14]			An Anisoceratidae ammonite
Inoceramus[12]	Indeterminate		An Inoceramidae bivalve
Neocomiceramus[4]	N. anglicus		An Inoceramidae bivalve
Neithea[2]	N. alpina N. coquandi N. hispanica		An Pectinidae bivalve
Linotrigonia[13]			An Trigoniidae bivalve
Pleuromya[13]			An Pleuromyidae bivalve
Pinna[13]			An Pinnidae bivalve
Lopha[13]			An Ostreidae bivalve
Turritella[13]			An Turritellidae gastropod
Tylostoma[13]			An Tylostomatidae gastropod
Natica[13]			An Naticidae gastropod

Echinoderms

Echinoderms of the Riachuelo Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Description	Images
Stereocidaris[15]	S. branneri		An Cidaridae echinoderm
Rhabdocidaris[15]	R. brasiliensis		An Rhabdocidaridae echinoderm
Salenia[15]	S. sergipensis		An Saleniidae echinoderm
Phymosoma[15]	P. binexilis P. braziliensis		An Phymosomatidae echinoderm
Orthopsis[15]	O. australis		An Orthopsidae echinoderm
Coenholectypus[15]	C. pennanus		An Holectypidae echinoderm
Conolypus[15]	C. nertoanus		An echinoderm
Parapygus[15]	P. aequalis		An Echinolampadidae echinoderm	6 to 9 is Parapygus antillarum.
Hemiaster[15]	H. cranium		An Hemiasteridae echinoderm
Temnocidaris[13]			An Cidaridae echinoderm
Douvillaster[13]			An Toxasteridae echinoderm
Leptosalenia[13]			An Saleniidae echinoderm
Phyllobrissus[16]	P. humilis		An Nucleolitidae echinoderm

Annelids

Annelids of the Riachuelo Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Description	Images
Diploconcha[17]	D. riachueloi D. scalata		An Serpulidae annelid
Serpula[17]	S. sergipensis		An Serpulidae annelid

Crustaceans

Crustaceans of the Riachuelo Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Description	Notes	Images
Palinura[3]	Indeterminate	Angico Member	Lobster	Only posterior part of the body preserved
Brazilomunida[18]	B. brasiliensis		An Galatheidae squat lobster
Archaeopus[17]	A. rathbunae		An Ocypodidae crab
Cyclothyreus[17]	C. sergipensis		An Dromioidea crab
Maurimia[18]	M. sergipensis		An Dynomenidae crab
Galalheites[17]	G. brasiliensis	Maruim Member	A Decapoda
Reticulocosta[5]	R. edrianae		An Cytherettidae ostracod
Aracajuia[5]	A. benderi A. antiqua		An ostracod
Harbinia[5]	H. sinuata		An ostracod
Sergipella[5][19]	S. viviersae S. transatlantica S. grosdidieri	Taquari Member	An ostracod
Praebythoceratina[5]	P. amsittenensi		An ostracod

Fishes

Fishess of the Riachuelo Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Description	Notes	Images
Cladocyclus[2]	G. gardneri		An Ichthyodectidae fish
Neoproscinetes[2]	N. penalvai		An Pycnodontid fish
Mercediella[20]	M. riachuelensis		An Pycnodontid fish	Originally described as Camposichthys riachuelensis[7]
Notelops[2]	N. brama		An Elopiform fish
Rhacolepis[2]	R. buccalis		An Crossognathiform fish
Tharrias[2]	T. araripis		An Gonorynchiform fish
Vinctifer[2]	V. comptoni		An Aspidorhynchiform fish
Santanichthys[6]	S. diasii	Taquari Member	An Characiform fish
Beurlenichthys[7]	B. ouricuriensis		An Clupeomorph fish
Nolfia[21]	N. riachuelensis	Taquari Member	An Clupeoid fish

References

Souza-Lima, W; Andrade, E.J (2002). "A bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas: evolução geológica, estratigrafia a e conteúdo fóssil". Phoenix, Edição Especial. 1 (1): 24–25.
Arai, M (2014). "Aptian/albian (early Cretaceous) paleogeography of the South Atlantic: a paleontological perspective". Braz. J. Genet. 44 (2): 339–350. doi:10.5327/Z2317-4889201400020012.
dos Reis, Márcia Aparecida Fernandes; Turbay, Caio Vinícius Gabrig; Cesero, Pedro De (2005-06-01). "A new Decapoda (Natantia, Malacostraca, Crustacea) from the Riachuelo formation (Albian), Sergipe basin". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências (in Portuguese). 28 (1): 80–91. doi:10.11137/2005_1_80-91. ISSN 1982-3908.
Sobral, A.C.S. (2015). "Amonoides e inoceramideos da Formação Riachuelo, Albiano medioefinal, Bacia de Sergipe, Brasil" (PDF). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE: 104 pp.
Antonietto, Lucas S.; do Carmo, Dermeval A. (2015). "Biostratigraphic and paleozoogeographic review of the upper Aptian-Albian ostracods of Riachuelo Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. 18 (3): 355–368. doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.3.02.
Filleul, Arnaud; Maisey, John G. (2004). "Redescription of Santanichthys diasii (Otophysi, Characiformes) from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships". American Museum Novitates (3455): 1–12. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)455<0001:ROSDOC>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2765. S2CID 85575649.
Gallo, Valéria; de Figueiredo, Francisco J. (2012). Síntese da paleoictiofauna marinha das bacias costeiras do Brasil e comentários sobre a paleoictiofauna cronocorrelata da margem oeste da África. Interciencias. pp. 177–208. ISBN 978-85-7193-236-4.
Bengtson, P.; Zucon, M. H.; Sobral, A. da C. S. (2018). "Cretaceous ammonite zonation of the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 88: 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.021. S2CID 134100757.
Turbay, Caio V.G.; Cesero, Pedro; Koutsoukos, Eduardo A. (2002). "On a fossil lobster (Decapoda, Malacostraca, Crustacea) from the Riachuelo Formation, Albian of the Sergipe Basin, Brazil". An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 74 (2): 363. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652002000200013.
MANSO, C. L. de C.; SOUZA-LIMA, Wagner (2012). "NOVOS EQUINÓIDES PARA O INTERVALO APTIANO-ALBIANO (CRETÁCEO INFERIOR) DA SUB-BACIA DE SERGIPE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL". Geociências. 31 (4): 584–605.
da Silva, C. R. M.; Barros, S. D. S. (2017). "AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE FOSFATO NO BRASIL – PARTE III: BACIA SERGIPE-ALAGOAS, ÁREA SUB-BACIA SERGIPE ESTADO DE SERGIPE". Serviço Geológico do Brasil (20).
Beurlen, G. (1967). "Ammonoidea do complexo Riachuelo-Maruim, Sergipe". Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia. 16 (2): 79–106.
Vieira, Fabiana S.; Dantas, M. A. T. (2014). "SERPULIDS (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) AT EARLY CRETACEOUS OF SERGIPE BASIN, BRAZIL SERPULIDE (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) DO CRETÁCEO INFERIOR DA BACIA SERGIPE, BRASIL". Estudos Geológicos. 24 (2): 83–88. doi:10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v24n2p83-88.
Beurlen, Karl (1968). "A POSIÇÃO ESTRATIGRAFICA DA FORMAÇÃO RIACHUELO – (Cretáceo, Sergipe)". Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia. 17 (1): 85–88.
Brito, Ignacio M. (1991). "OS EQUINÓIOES AlBIANOS (CRETÁCEO INFERIOR) DO BRASil E SEU POSSíVEL VALOR ESTRATIGRÁFICO". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências. 14: 37–40. doi:10.11137/1991_0_37-40.
Manso, C.L.C. (2020). "A new Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, Brazil". Brazil.- Carnets Geol. 20 (3): 29–35. doi:10.4267/2042/70719. S2CID 211732076.
Barreto, A. M. F.; Oliveira, E. V. (2014). "CATÁLOGO DO MATERIAL-TIPO DA COLEÇÃO PALEONTOLÓGICA DO DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA, CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA E GEOCIÊNCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO". Estudos Geológicos. 24 (3): 3–53. doi:10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v24n3p3-53.
Neto, R.G.Martins (2005). "ESTÁGIO ATUAL DA PALEOARTROPODOLOGIA BRASILEIRA: HEXÁPODES, MIRIÁPODES, CRUSTÁCEOS (ISOPODA, DECAPODA, EUCRUSTACEA E COPEPODA) E QUELICERADOS". Arquivos do Museu Nacional. 63 (3): 471–494.
Do Carmo, Dermeval A.; Colin, Jean-Paul (2012). "Reassessment of the genus Sergipella Krömmelbein, 1967 (Ostracoda,Trachyleberididae), uppermost Aptian-Albian of Brazil and West Africa:Taxonomy and paleogeographic distribution". Revue de micropaléontologie. 55: 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.revmic.2011.12.002.
Koerber, Stefan (2012). "Mercediella nom. nov., a replacement name forCamposichthys Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1991(Pisces: Pycnodontiformes)". Bonn Zoological Bulletin. 61 (1): 29–30.
de Figueiredo, Francisco J. (2009). "A new marine clupeoid fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil". Zootaxa. 2164: 21–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.2.

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[:10-1] Souza-Lima, W; Andrade, E.J (2002). "A bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas: evolução geológica, estratigrafia a e conteúdo fóssil". Phoenix, Edição Especial. 1 (1): 24–25.

[:2-2] Arai, M (2014). "Aptian/albian (early Cretaceous) paleogeography of the South Atlantic: a paleontological perspective". Braz. J. Genet. 44 (2): 339–350. doi:10.5327/Z2317-4889201400020012.

[:1-3] s Reis, Márcia Aparecida Fernandes; Turbay, Caio Vinícius Gabrig; Cesero, Pedro De (2005-06-01). "A new Decapoda (Natantia, Malacostraca, Crustacea) from the Riachuelo formation (Albian), Sergipe basin". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências (in Portuguese). 28 (1): 80–91. doi:10.11137/2005_1_80-91. ISSN 1982-3908.

[:0-4] Sobral, A.C.S. (2015). "Amonoides e inoceramideos da Formação Riachuelo, Albiano medioefinal, Bacia de Sergipe, Brasil" (PDF). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE: 104 pp.

[:4-5] Antonietto, Lucas S.; do Carmo, Dermeval A. (2015). "Biostratigraphic and paleozoogeographic review of the upper Aptian-Albian ostracods of Riachuelo Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil". Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. 18 (3): 355–368. doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.3.02.

[:3-6] Filleul, Arnaud; Maisey, John G. (2004). "Redescription of Santanichthys diasii (Otophysi, Characiformes) from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships". American Museum Novitates (3455): 1–12. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)455<0001:ROSDOC>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2765. S2CID 85575649.

[:5-7] Gallo, Valéria; de Figueiredo, Francisco J. (2012). Síntese da paleoictiofauna marinha das bacias costeiras do Brasil e comentários sobre a paleoictiofauna cronocorrelata da margem oeste da África. Interciencias. pp. 177–208. ISBN 978-85-7193-236-4.

[8] Bengtson, P.; Zucon, M. H.; Sobral, A. da C. S. (2018). "Cretaceous ammonite zonation of the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 88: 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.021. S2CID 134100757.

[9] Turbay, Caio V.G.; Cesero, Pedro; Koutsoukos, Eduardo A. (2002). "On a fossil lobster (Decapoda, Malacostraca, Crustacea) from the Riachuelo Formation, Albian of the Sergipe Basin, Brazil". An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 74 (2): 363. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652002000200013.

[:12-10] MANSO, C. L. de C.; SOUZA-LIMA, Wagner (2012). "NOVOS EQUINÓIDES PARA O INTERVALO APTIANO-ALBIANO (CRETÁCEO INFERIOR) DA SUB-BACIA DE SERGIPE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL". Geociências. 31 (4): 584–605.

[:13-11] Silva, C. R. M.; Barros, S. D. S. (2017). "AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE FOSFATO NO BRASIL – PARTE III: BACIA SERGIPE-ALAGOAS, ÁREA SUB-BACIA SERGIPE ESTADO DE SERGIPE". Serviço Geológico do Brasil (20).

[:7-12] Beurlen, G. (1967). "Ammonoidea do complexo Riachuelo-Maruim, Sergipe". Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia. 16 (2): 79–106.

[:11-13] Vieira, Fabiana S.; Dantas, M. A. T. (2014). "SERPULIDS (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) AT EARLY CRETACEOUS OF SERGIPE BASIN, BRAZIL SERPULIDE (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) DO CRETÁCEO INFERIOR DA BACIA SERGIPE, BRASIL". Estudos Geológicos. 24 (2): 83–88. doi:10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v24n2p83-88.

[:14-14] Beurlen, Karl (1968). "A POSIÇÃO ESTRATIGRAFICA DA FORMAÇÃO RIACHUELO – (Cretáceo, Sergipe)". Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia. 17 (1): 85–88.

[:9-15] Brito, Ignacio M. (1991). "OS EQUINÓIOES AlBIANOS (CRETÁCEO INFERIOR) DO BRASil E SEU POSSíVEL VALOR ESTRATIGRÁFICO". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências. 14: 37–40. doi:10.11137/1991_0_37-40.

[16] Manso, C.L.C. (2020). "A new Cassiduloid (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in the Albian of the Sergipe-Alagoas basin, Brazil". Brazil.- Carnets Geol. 20 (3): 29–35. doi:10.4267/2042/70719. S2CID 211732076.

[:6-17] Barreto, A. M. F.; Oliveira, E. V. (2014). "CATÁLOGO DO MATERIAL-TIPO DA COLEÇÃO PALEONTOLÓGICA DO DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA, CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA E GEOCIÊNCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO". Estudos Geológicos. 24 (3): 3–53. doi:10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v24n3p3-53.

[:8-18] Neto, R.G.Martins (2005). "ESTÁGIO ATUAL DA PALEOARTROPODOLOGIA BRASILEIRA: HEXÁPODES, MIRIÁPODES, CRUSTÁCEOS (ISOPODA, DECAPODA, EUCRUSTACEA E COPEPODA) E QUELICERADOS". Arquivos do Museu Nacional. 63 (3): 471–494.

[19] Do Carmo, Dermeval A.; Colin, Jean-Paul (2012). "Reassessment of the genus Sergipella Krömmelbein, 1967 (Ostracoda,Trachyleberididae), uppermost Aptian-Albian of Brazil and West Africa:Taxonomy and paleogeographic distribution". Revue de micropaléontologie. 55: 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.revmic.2011.12.002.

[20] Koerber, Stefan (2012). "Mercediella nom. nov., a replacement name forCamposichthys Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1991(Pisces: Pycnodontiformes)". Bonn Zoological Bulletin. 61 (1): 29–30.

[21] Figueiredo, Francisco J. (2009). "A new marine clupeoid fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil". Zootaxa. 2164: 21–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.2.