Şemsi Pasha
Şemsi Ahmet Pasha also known as Chamsi-Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: شمسي أحمد پاشا, b. 1492 d. April 28, 1580) was a prominent Ottoman statesman of Albanian origin[2][3] who occupied numerous high-ranking political posts, serving at different stages as the Ottoman governor of Damascus, Rûm, Sivas, Anatolia and Rumelia, and subsequently succeeding Sokollu Mehmet Pasha as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1579.
Şemsi | |
---|---|
36th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
In office 12 October 1579 – 28 April 1580 | |
Sultan | Murad III |
Preceded by | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha |
Succeeded by | Lala Mustafa Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 1492 |
Died | 28 April 1580 (aged: 87-88 years) Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |
Nationality | Ottoman |
Spouse | Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan |
Children | See below |
Alma mater | Enderun School |
Religious affiliation | Islam |
Military service | |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Branch/service | ![]() |
Years of service | 1518 – 1580 |
Battles/wars | Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–73) Ottoman–Hungarian Wars Russo-Crimean War (1571) Croatian-Ottoman Wars Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55) Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)[1] |
Life
Paternally, he was an Albanian. His mother's origin is unknown but it was claimed that she was a direct descendant of Khalid ibn al-Walid (sayyida), the celebrated Muslim general, probably in order to increase his own prestige.[4] His wife was the granddaughter of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan, daughter of Suleiman's only daughter Mihrimah Sultan. By her he had five sons and five daughters.[5]
Raised in the Imperial residence of the period, Topkapı Palace, as Grand Vizier, he charged renowned court architect Mimar Sinan with the task of building a mosque and adjoining complex near his main seat, the Şemsi Pasha Palace on the Bosphorus shoreline in Constantinople. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque is one of the smallest mosques to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier, and yet it is one of the most well-known mosques in city, due to a combination of its miniature dimensions and its waterfront location. It is mentioned as a chief example of Mimar Sinan's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape.[6]
During Şemsi Pasha's tenure as the beylerbey (governor-general) of Rumelia, it was reported that he left the capital for Sofia in 1565 with such pomp that the people of Constantinople who watched the spectacle of his lavishly clad retinue had never seen a beylerbey display such 'majesty and grandeur.'
Issue
By Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan, he had ten children, five sons and five daughters:
Sons
- Sultanzade Abdurrahman Bey,[7] (died 1596)[8]-97, buried in Mihrimah Sultan Mosque),[7] married a daughter of Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, and had a son, Semiz Mehmed Pasha;[7]
- Sultanzade Mehmed Bey[7][9] (died 1593), sanjak-bey of Herzegovina;[10]
- Sultanzade Şehid Mustafa Pasha[7][9] (died 1593), sanjak-bey of Klis;[9]
- Sultanzade Osman Bey (died 1590–91, buried in Mihrimah Sultan Mosque),[7] sanjak-bey of Şebinkarahisar;[11]
- Sultanzade Mahmud Pasha († 1602 buried in the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque) Sanjak-bey of Kastamonu and Nakhchivan[7] sanjak-bey of Şebinkarahisar;[11].
Daughters
- Saliha Hanımsultan[12] (1561–1580)[10] married in October 1576 to Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha.[13][12] Mihrimah Sultan spent 70.000 gold coins for her wedding. She had a son and a daughter.
- Safiye Hanımsultan, married in March 1581 to Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha[14] after her sister's death in 1580.[13] She had two sons and a daughter.
- Hatice Sultan, married Kapıcıbaşı Mahmud Bey in December 1584
- Ayşe Hanımsultan. Probably she died in infancy.
- Fülane Hanımsultan, married in March 1596 to Yemenli Hasan Pasha.
References
- Sicker 1986, pp. 2–3.
- Kim Mehmeti. Fara e bimes se keqe. p. 64.
Shemsi Ahmet Pasha ishte me origjinë shqiptare. U lind në vitin 1492. Del të jetë i shënuar si shqiptar nga i ati, jo na nëna. Qysh në moshë të re, pasi i kishte kryer me sukses mësimet ishte emëruar nëpunës në Oborrin e Sulltan Sylejmanit të Madhërishëm. Ai, në periudha të ndryshme kohore ka shërbyer si guvernator osman në Damasku, Sivash, Anadoll dhe në viset e Rumelisë.
- Danişmend (1971), p. 25. (in Turkish)
- Kim Mehmeti. Fara e bimes se keqe. p. 64.
Nëna e Shemsi Ahmed Pashait, thuhet se ishte me origjinë familjare një pasardhës i drejtpërdrejtë i Halid Ibni Velidit, komandantit të famshëm të ushtrisë islame, i cili pushtoi Sirinë në kohën e profetit Muhamed, në shekullin e 7-të.
- Kim Mehmeti. Fara e bimes se keqe. p. 65.
Nëna e tij, Aishe Humashah, ishte mbesa e Sulltan Sylejmanit.
- Jorgji Kote. Diplomacia per te gjithe. p. 24.
Në kohën kur ishte emëruar pranë Vezirir të Madh, Sokolloviq, kishte ngritur Pallatin Topkapi. Ai kishte urdhëruar arkitektin më të njohur të kohës, ( Leonardo Da Vinçin) e Lindjes, mjeshtrin me origjinë shqiptare, Mimar Sinan, që të ndërtonte një xhami në Kompleksin bregdetar të Bosforit, në Konstandinopojë. Xhamia e Shemsi Pashës është njëra ndër xhamitë më të vogla që është porositur nga veziri i madh, por kjo është një nga xhamitë më të njohura në qytet, për shkak të një kombinimi të dimensioneve të saj në miniaturë dhe vendndodhjen e saj ujore. Kjo xhami unikate është përmendur si një karakteristikë krejt e veçantë e mjeshtrit të përkryer të kohës, Mimar Sinan. Ai me gjenialitetin e tij krijues e ndërtues, kishte arritur të lidhte organikisht një përzierje të arkitekturës me peizazhin natyror.
- Mehmet Nermi Haskan (2001). Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar. Üsküdar Belediyesi. p. 532. ISBN 978-975-97606-2-5.
- Üsküdar Sempozyumu I, 23-25 Mayıs 2003: bildiriler. Üsküdar Belediyesi. 2004. p. 140. ISBN 978-975-97606-8-7.
- Gábor Ágoston (22 June 2021). The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe. Princeton University Press. pp. 249, 569 n. 57. ISBN 978-0-691-15932-4.
- Miović, Vesna (2018-05-02). "Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati". Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku (in Croatian). 56 (56/1): 147–197. doi:10.21857/mwo1vczp2y. ISSN 1330-0598.
- "SEMİZ AHMED PAŞA". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- Biçer, Merve (2014). Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha: A 16th Century Ottoman Comvert in the Mediterranean World (Master Thesis). Department of History İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara. pp. 48–49.
- Pedani, Maria Pia (2000). Tucica, Volume 32: Safiye's Household and Venetian Diplomacy. pp. 18 and n. 29, 29.
Sources
- Kuran, Aptullah. 1986. Mimar Sinan. Istanbul: Hürriyet Vakıf Yayınları, p. 193–196.
- Gültekin, Gülbin. 1994. "Semsi Pasa Külliyesi." In Dünden Bugüne Istanbul Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi, VII, p. 158–159.
- Necipoglu, Gülru. 2005. The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books, p. 452–498.