Shey Phoksundo National Park
Shey Phoksundo National Park is the largest and only trans-Himalayan national park in Nepal. It was established in 1984 and covers an area of 3,555 km2 (1,373 sq mi) in the districts of Dolpa and Mugu in the Mid-Western Region, Nepal. The protected area ranges in elevation from 2,130 to 6,885 m (6,988 to 22,589 ft).[1][2] Phoksundo Lake is the park's prominent feature, located at an elevation of 3,612 m (11,850 ft).[1]
| Shey Phoksundo National Park | |
|---|---|
| शे-फोकसुण्डो | |
 Phoksundo Lake | |
  Shey Phoksundo National Park | |
| Location | Nepal |
| Coordinates | 29°21′29″N 82°50′44″E |
| Area | 3,555 km2 (1,373 sq mi) |
| Established | 1984 |
| Governing body | Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation |
The park's headquarters are in Palam, Dolpa District.
Geography
Shey Phoksundo National Park has a diversity of landscapes and ranks among the most scenic montane parks in the world. Much of it lies north of the Himalayan crest ranging in elevations from 2,130 m (6,990 ft) in the southeast near Ankhe to 6,883 m (22,582 ft) at the summit of Kanjiroba Himal at the southern edge of the Tibetan plateau. Phoksundo Lake at an elevation of 3,660 m (12,010 ft) in the upper reaches of the Suligad river is surrounded by glaciers and famous for its turquoise color. Near the lake’s outlet is the country’s highest waterfall.[1]
Phoksundo Lake has a water surface of 494 ha (1,220 acres), and was declared a Ramsar site in September 2007.[3] The lake is up to 145 m (476 ft) deep, measured using echo-sounding technology.[4]
The Langu river drains the high Dolpo plateau located in the north-east of the park. The Suligad and Jugdual rivers form the southern catchment flowing south into the Thuli Bheri River.[5]
Climate
Spanning the northern and southern aspects of the Himalayan crest, the park experiences a wide climatic range and lies in the transition zone from a monsoon dominated to an arid climate. Annual precipitation reaches 1,500 mm (59 in) in the south, whereas on northern slopes less than 500 mm (20 in) of rain falls. Most of the precipitation occurs during monsoon from July to September. The Dhaulagiri and Kanjiroba massifs form a massive barrier preventing most of the rain from reaching the Trans-Himalayan area. Winters are quite severe with frequent snowfalls above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and temperatures remaining below freezing above 3,000 m (9,800 ft) through much of the winter.
Wildlife
Flora
The flora found within the park is extremely diverse. The northern regions contain barren areas of the upper Himalayas. The Trans-Himalayan slope lands consist of some rhododendron, caragana shrubs, salix, juniper, white Himalayan birch, and the occasional silver fir dominate the high meadows of the Himalayas. Less than five percent of the park is forested, with much of it lying in the southern portion. The Suligad Vally’s flora consists of blue pine, spruce, hemlock, cedar, silver fir, poplar, rhododendron, and bamboo. The park also contains 286 species of ethnobotanical importance.
Fauna
The park provides essential habitat for some endangered mammals, including the snow leopard, Himalayan wolf, Himalayan brown bear, white-bellied musk deer, and bharal. Among others, Himalayan goral, argali, Himalayan tahr, Indian leopard, golden jackal, Himalayan black bear and yellow-throated marten also inhabit this park. The park is also home to six reptiles and 29 species of butterflies, including one of the highest flying butterfly in the world, Pyrgus nepalensis. The park provides habitat for over 200 species of birds such as Tibetan partridge, wood snipe, white-throated bushtit, seven species of accentors, six species of rosefinches and golden eagle.
Culture
The park contains many gompas and religious sites, many of which have been renovated. Shey Gompa, the most famous, was established in the 11th century. Thashung Gompa located near Phoksundo Lake was built about 900 years ago to conserve wildlife. Ringmo village, a typical Tibetan village, is scenically nestled in the park.[1] The local people are subsistence farmers growing potatoes, buckwheat, mustard, beans and some barley; and keeping livestock for food and wool. They barter with Tibetans for salt and wool. Their lifestyle is typically Tibetan. Most of them are Buddhists; the people around Phoksundo area practice Bön. There are communal gompas in most of the villages.[5]
References
- Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites (PDF). Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - GoN/MoFSC /2014). Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Bhandari, B. B. (2009). "Wise use of wetlands in Nepal". Banko Janakari. 19 (3): 10–17.
- Anonymous (2004). Rara is Nepal’s deepest lake: Survey. Nepalnews.com
- Majupuria, T. C.; Kumar, R. (1998). Wildlife, National Parks and Reserves of Nepal. Bangkok: S. Devi, Saharanpur and Tecpress Books. ISBN 974-89833-5-8.