Stepan Bandera monument in Lviv

The Stepan Bandera monument in Lviv is a statue dedicated to Stepan Bandera, a controversial[1][2][3][4] twentieth century Ukrainian politician,[5] in the city of Lviv, one of the main cities of Western Ukraine.

Stepan Bandera monument
Пам'ятник Степанові Бандері
Stepan Bandera monument
49°50′9.5″N 24°0′20.5″E
LocationKropyvnytskyi square, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
BuilderUkrainian Government
MaterialGranite
Beginning date2003
Completion date13 October 2007

The figure of Stepan Bandera stands in front of the Stele of Ukrainian Statehood. The monument was unveiled in 2007.[6][7][8]

Background
Main articles: Stepan Bandera and History of Lviv

Bandera was a Ukrainian nationalist leader born in 1909, imprisoned in Poland in his twenties for terrorism, freed by the Nazis in 1939 following the invasion of Poland, and arrested again by the Gestapo in 1941, spending most of the rest of the war in a concentration camp. After the war, he settled in West Germany, where he was assassinated in 1959 by KGB agents.

He led the "Banderite" faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B).[2][3] On 30 June 1941, shortly after Lviv came under the control of Nazi Germany in the early stages of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, the OUN-B declared an independent Ukrainian state in the city.[9] OUN members subsequently took part in the Lviv pogroms.[10]

He is widely considered a Nazi collaborator.[11][12][13][14] However, many Ukrainians hail him as a national hero[11][15] or as a martyred liberation fighter.[16]

The monument

The monument is a larger than life statue of Stepan Bandera standing 7 meters tall. Behind it is the Stele of Ukrainian Statehood - a 30 meter tall triumphal arch with 4 columns, each column symbolizing a different period of the Ukrainian statehood. The first one - Kievan Rus', the second - the Cossack Hetmanate, the third - the Ukrainian People's Republic, and the fourth - the modern, independent Ukraine.[6]

External image
image icon The monument in 2010

See also
  • Monuments to Stepan Bandera
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Buchach
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Drohobych
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Kolomyia
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Stryi
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Ternopil
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Lviv
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Sambir
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Dubliany
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
    • Stepan Bandera monument in Mostyska
  • Stepan Bandera museum in Dubliany
  • Stepan Bandera museum in Stryi
  • Stepan Bandera memorial plaque in Kyiv
  • Stepan Bandera memorial plaque in Khmelnytskyi
  • Memorial for the victims killed by OUN-UPA (Luhansk)
  • The Shot in the Back – Statue in Simferopol, Crimea
  • Hero of Ukraine medal (controversially awarded to Bandera in 2010)

References
  1. "Ukrainians march in honour of controversial nationalist hero Stepan Bandera". euronews. 2 January 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  2. Filtenborg, Emil (2021-03-19). "In Ukraine, Stepan Bandera's legacy is a political football... again". Euronews. Retrieved 2022-10-29. There are few figures in Ukrainian history as controversial as Stepan Bandera, and fewer still are able to influence so profoundly modern politics more than six decades after their death. Bandera, who died in 1959 after being poisoned by Soviet agents, is seen as a national hero who fought for Ukrainian independence during the 1930s and 1940s. To others, he is a war criminal whose nationalist forces carried out atrocities against Jews and Poles during WW2.
  3. Winstone, Martin (2014-10-30). The Dark Heart of Hitler's Europe: Nazi Rule in Poland Under the General Government. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-85772-519-6. .. who followed the terrorist Stepan Bandera (page 104) .. These hopes were almost immediately dashed and many leaders (including Bandera in Krakow) were arrested by the Germans. Nonetheless, both wings of the OUN largely continued to work with the Nazis (page 104) .. Stepan Bandera, the leader and ideological mentor of the nationalist murderers of Poles and Jews (page 249)
  4. Faiola, Anthony (March 25, 2014). "A ghost of World War II history haunts Ukraine's standoff with Russia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  5. "Hero or Villain? Historical Ukrainian Figure Symbolizes Today's Feud". NPR.org.
  6. "Національна "бронза" - ZAXID.NET". 2009-11-01. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  7. "Тарик Сиріл Амар. ІНАКША, АЛЕ ПОДІБНА, ЧИ ПОДІБНА, АЛЕ ІНАКША? ПУБЛІЧНА ПАМ'ЯТЬ ПРО ДРУГУ СВІТОВУ ВІЙНУ У ПОСТРАДЯНСЬКОМУ ЛЬВОВІ". www.historians.in.ua. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  8. "ЛЬВІВСЬКА ГАЗЕТА | Монумент легенді". 2007-10-14. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  9. Rudling, Per Anders (2013). "The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right: The Case of VO Svoboda" (PDF). In Wodak and Richardson (ed.). Analysing Fascist Discourse: European Fascism in Talk and Text. New York: Routledge. pp. 229–235.
  10. "Державний архів Львівської області". Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  11. Goncharenko, Roman (22 May 2022). "Stepan Bandera: Ukrainian hero or Nazi collaborator?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  12. Henryk Komański and Szczepan Siekierka, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939–1946 (2006), p. 203 (in Polish)
  13. Rossolinski, Grzegorz (2014). The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist : Fascism, Genocide, and Cult. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9783838206844.
  14. Arad, Yitzhak (2009). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780803222700. OCLC 466441935.
  15. "Russia uses Israeli tweet against neo-Nazi march". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  16. Goda, Norman J. W. (2010-01-22). "Who Was Stepan Bandera?". History News Network. Retrieved 2022-09-24.


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