TOI-1338

TOI-1338 is a binary star system located in the constellation Pictor, about 1,320 light-years from Earth.[2] It is orbited by the circumbinary planet TOI-1338 b, discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).[4]

TOI-1338

Position of TOI-1338 in Pictor
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Pictor
Right ascension 06h 08m 31.968s[1]
Declination −59° 32′ 28.08″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.72[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type F8[3]
Variable type eclipsing[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)23.56±5.34[1] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −12.057[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +34.513[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)2.4752 ± 0.0099 mas[1]
Distance1,318 ± 5 ly
(404 ± 2 pc)
Orbit[2]
Period (P)14.608559+0.00013
−0.00012 d
Semi-major axis (a)0.1321+0.0024
−0.0025 AU
Eccentricity (e)0.15603±0.00015
Inclination (i)89.696+0.178
−0.114°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		21.619±0.007 km/s
Details[2]
TOI-1338 A
Mass1.127+0.068
−0.069 M☉
Radius1.331+0.024
−0.026 R☉
Luminosity2.1[1] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.0 cgs
Temperature6,160 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.01 dex
Rotation19±3 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3.6 km/s
Age4.4 Gyr
TOI-1338 B
Mass0.3128+0.0113
−0.0118 M☉
Radius0.3089+0.0056
−0.0060 R☉
Other designations
TYC 8533-950-1, EBLM J0608-59, 2MASS J06083197-5932280, RAVE J060832.0-593228
Database references
SIMBADdata
Extrasolar Planets
Encyclopaedia		data

Nomenclature and history

The acronym TOI stands for "TESS Objects of Interest." The planet was found in the summer of 2019 by Wolf Cukier, a 17-year-old attending Scarsdale High School in New York at the time, who joined the Goddard Space Flight Center as a summer intern.[5] He looked through light curves that were flagged as eclipsing binaries by volunteers of the Planet Hunters citizen science project.[6] Cukier and six of the Planet Hunter volunteers are co-authors of the publication regarding the newly-discovered planet.[2] Cukier currently attends Princeton University as an undergraduate student in the Department of Astrophysical Sciences.[7]

Cukier was not given an opportunity to name the planet.[8] In February 2021, a petition calling for the planet TOI-1338 b in the system to be named SOPHIE received over 90,000 signatures.[9] Organisers of the petition sought to pay homage to the late Scottish musician and music producer Sophie, who died on 30 January 2021.[10] High-profile supporters of the campaign included Charli XCX and Caroline Polachek.[9]

The stellar binary
A light curve for TOI-1338, plotted from TESS satellite data.[11] The inset plots show the primary and secondary eclipses on an expanded scale.

TOI-1338 is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system, consisting of an F8 star and a red dwarf of spectral type M. The system has an age of 4.4 billion years. The two stars with masses of 1.13 and 0.313 M☉ revolve around each other every 14.6 days. The red dwarf is about nine magnitudes fainter than the primary star and cannot be detected in the spectrum.[12][2]

The orbit of the two stars is inclined at 89.7° and both primary and secondary eclipses can be observed, although the brightness changes are very small. The primary eclipse occurs when the hotter primary star is partially occulted by the cooler secondary. It lasts about five hours and the brightness decreases by about 4%. The secondary eclipses occur when the cooler star is occulted by the hotter star. They also last about five hours but the brightness drops by less than half a percent.[2]

Planetary system
Artist's impression of the TOI-1338b exoplanet.

The planet TOI-1338b is between Neptune and Saturn in size, and has an orbit that is within ~1° coplanar with the binary.[2] The spin of the primary star also aligns with the orbits of the binary and the planet (spin-orbit angle β = 2.8±17.1 °). This is the second time the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect was measured for a star hosting a circumbinary planet. Kepler-16 was the first system with such a measurement. The measurement of the alignment for TOI-1338 suggests that the planet formed from a single circumbinary disk.[13] The second circumbinary planet was discovered by radial velocity method in 2023.[14]

The TOI-1338 planetary system[2][14]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 33.0±20.0 M🜨 0.4607+0.0084
−0.0088		 95.174+0.031
−0.035		 0.0880+0.0043
−0.0033		 89.37+0.35
−0.26°		 6.85±0.19 R🜨
c 65.2±11.8 M🜨 0.794±0.016 215.5±3.3 <0.16 — —

See also

References
  1. Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia Collaboration) (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv:2208.00211. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. Kostov, Veselin B.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Feinstein, Adina D.; Welsh, William F.; Cukier, Wolf; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Martin, David V.; Montet, Benjamin T.; Torres, Guillermo; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. (7 May 2020). "TOI-1338: TESS' First Transiting Circumbinary Planet". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (6): 253. arXiv:2004.07783. Bibcode:2020AJ....159..253K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab8a48. hdl:10023/20067. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 215785933.
  3. Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Martin, David V.; Ségransan, Damien; Smalley, Barry; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Anderson, David R.; Bouchy, François; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Faedi, Francesca; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Hebb, Leslie; Hellier, Coel; Marmier, Maxime; Pepe, Francesco; Pollacco, Don; Queloz, Didier; Udry, Stéphane; West, Richard (2017). "The EBLM Project. IV. Spectroscopic orbits of over 100 eclipsing M dwarfs masquerading as transiting hot Jupiters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 608: A129. arXiv:1707.07521. Bibcode:2017A&A...608A.129T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730993. S2CID 119372451.
  4. "ExoFOP TIC 260128333". exofop.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  5. Pereira, Ivan (9 January 2020). "New York teen discovers new planet while interning with NASA". ABC News.
  6. "Discovery Alert! High School Student Finds a World With Two Suns". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  7. Cukier, Wolf. "Wolf Cukier - Department of Astrophysical Sciences". Princeton Edu. © 2022 The Trustees of Princeton University.
  8. Morrison, Hannah (16 January 2020). "Meet the NASA intern who discovered a new planet on his third day". BBC News. London, England. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  9. "SOPHIE fans call for NASA to name a planet after the late musician". Dazed. 3 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  10. Richards, Will (30 January 2021). "DJ and producer SOPHIE has died". NME. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  11. "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  12. Martin, David V.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Udry, Stephane; Marmier, Maxime; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Hellier, Coel; Pepe, Francesco; Pollacco, Don; Segransan, Damien; West, Richard (April 2019). "The BEBOP radial-velocity survey for circumbinary planets I. Eight years of CORALIE observations of 47 single-line eclipsing binaries and abundance constraints on the masses of circumbinary planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 624: A68. arXiv:1901.01627. Bibcode:2019A&A...624A..68M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833669. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. Kunovac Hodzic, Vedad; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Martin, David V.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cegla, Heather M.; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Gill, Samuel; Hellier, Coel; Kostov, Veselin B.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Orosz, Jerome A. (1 July 2020). "The EBLM project - VII. Spin-orbit alignment for the circumbinary planet host EBLM J0608-59 A/TOI-1338 A". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 497 (2): 1627–1633. arXiv:2007.05514. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.497.1627K. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2071. S2CID 220486377.
  14. Standing, Matthew R.; Sairam, Lalitha; Martin, David V.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Correia, Alexandre C. M.; Coleman, Gavin A. L.; Baycroft, Thomas A.; Kunovac, Vedad; Boisse, Isabelle; Andrew Collier Cameron; Dransfield, Georgina; Faria, João P.; Gillon, Michaël; Hara, Nathan C.; Hellier, Coel; Howard, Jonathan; Lane, Ellie; Mardling, Rosemary; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Miller, Nicola J.; Nelson, Richard P.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Pepe, Franscesco; Santerne, Alexandre; Sebastian, Daniel; Udry, Stéphane; Welsh, William F. (2023), The First Circumbinary Planet Discovered with Radial Velocities, arXiv:2301.10794
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