Tetraneuris acaulis
Tetraneuris acaulis is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Common names include angelita daisy,[8] stemless four-nerve daisy,[9] stemless hymenoxys,[4] butte marigold,[10] and stemless rubberweed.[10]
| Tetraneuris acaulis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Tetraneuris |
| Species: | T. acaulis |
| Binomial name | |
| Tetraneuris acaulis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Synonymy
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Description
T. acaulis is a highly variable perennial herb[2] which may be quite tiny to over 60 centimeters (2 feet) in height. The erect stems are surrounded by basal leaves.[11] The leaves are up to 7.5 cm (3 in) long,[11] hairy or hairless, and glandular or without glands. It flowers from June to September.[11][4][5] There may be few or many flower heads borne singly on hairy stalks. The base of each flower head is up to 1.6 cm (5⁄8 in) wide. The head contains 8 to 21 yellow ray florets each up to 2 cm (3⁄4 in) long. At the center are many yellow disc florets, sometimes 200 or more. The fruits are dry achenes only a few millimeters long.[7] Some plants may have no ray florets.[11]
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Close-up of basal leaves.jpg.webp)
Side view of flowers
Flower close-up
Varieties
It is generally accepted that there are four varieties of this species:[7][12]
- Tetraneuris acaulis var. acaulis: stemless four-nerve daisy – Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, Chihuahua, Zacatecas
- Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica: Arizona four-nerve daisy – Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Utah
- Tetraneuris acaulis var. caespitosa: caespitose four-nerve daisy – Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming
- Tetraneuris acaulis var. epunctata: stemless four-nerve daisy – Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Coahuila
- Tetraneuris acaulis var. nana: stemless four-nerve daisy – Utah[9][13][14][15]
Distribution and habitat
The species is widespread across much of the western and central United States, west-central Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas).[16][4][12] It grows in a variety of habitat types in foothills and subalpine regions,[5] and high prairie, badlands,[4] and plains.[2]
Uses
Tetraneuris acaulis has been used as a traditional medicinal plant. The Hopi used a poultice of the plant to relieve hip and back pain in pregnant women, and to make a stimulating drink.[17]
References
- Tetraneuris acaulis. ITIS.
- Tetraneuris acaulis Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas.
- Hymenoxys acaulis. The Jepson Manual, University of Calilfornia
- Hymenoxys acaulis Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. United States Geologic Survey, Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands.
- Tetraneuris acaulis. Southwest Colorado Wildflowers.
- Tetraneuris acaulis. CalFlora taxon report, University of California
- Tetraneuris acaulis. Flora of North America.
- Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, Low Water-use Plants
- Tetraneuris acaulis. United States Department of Agricultgure Plants Profile
- Tetraneuris acaulis. Canadensys.
- Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
- SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, distribution map
- Tetraneuris acaulis. Tropicos
- Welsh, Stanley Larson. 1993. Rhodora 95(883/884): 398–399 diagnosis in Latin, commentary in English
- Welsh, Stanley Larson. 1993. Rhodora 95(883/884): Plate 1, figure 5 line drawing of Tetraneuris acaulis var. nana
- Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- Tetraneuris acaulis'. University of Michigan, Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany Database.
External links
Media related to Tetraneuris acaulis at Wikimedia Commons