Sineus and Truvor

Sineus and Truvor were the brothers of Rurik, a chieftain of the Varangian Rus' considered to be the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which later ruled the state of Kievan Rus' in Eastern Europe.

Sineus and Truvor
Princes
Rurik and his brothers Truvor and Sineus arrive in Ladoga (Viktor Vasnetsov).
Reign860–862
PredecessorNew creation
SuccessorRurik
DynastyRurik dynasty

Description

According to the Primary Chronicle, compiled in c. 1113,[1] a group of Varangian Rus' were invited to rule over the local East Slavic and Finnic tribes after they began fighting each other.[2] Rurik, the oldest of the brothers, established himself in Novgorod, while Sineus established himself at Beloozero, on the shores of Lake Beloye, and Truvor at Izborsk,[3] although archaeological findings have also suggested that his residence was in Pskov.[4] Truvor and Sineus died shortly after the establishment of their territories,[5] and Rurik consolidated these lands into his own territory,[6] thus laying the foundations for the state of Kievan Rus'.[7]

According to popular 20th-century scholarly interpretation (summarized in the textbook by Katsva and Yurganov),[8] the phrase "Rurik, Sineus, en Truvor" should be read "Rurik, sine hus, en tro(gna) vär(ingar)" (Rurik, his house/relatives, and true companions).[9] However modern linguistical expertise shows[10] that "sine hus" and "thru varing" contradict basic morphology and syntax of known old Scandinavian dialects, and could never be translated as "our faithful" and "his households". On the other hand, historians of the 19th century (A. Kunik, N. Belyaev, et al.) had already found common old Scandinavian names such as Signjótr (also Sveinn?) and Þórvar[ð]r, which could fit well with "Sineus" and "Truvor" by Nestor's transcription.

See also

References
  1. Langer, Lawrence N. (2021). Historical dictionary of medieval Russia (Second ed.). Lanham. p. 145. ISBN 9781538119426.
  2. Dolukhanov, Pavel Markovich (2013). The early Slavs : Eastern Europe from the initial settlement to the Kievan Rus. Oxfordshire, England. p. 182. ISBN 9781317892229.
  3. The Scots magazine, or, General repository of literature, history, and politics. Printed by Alex Chapman and for James Watson. 1802. p. 339. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  4. Wladyslaw Duczko (2004). Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. BRILL. p. 111. ISBN 978-90-04-13874-2. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  5. Langer, Lawrence N. (2021). Historical dictionary of medieval Russia (Second ed.). Lanham. p. 176. ISBN 9781538119426.
  6. Gwyn Jones (19 July 2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. pp. 246. ISBN 978-0-19-280134-0. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  7. Thomas Schaub Noonan; Kathryn Reyerson (2006). Pre-Modern Russia and Its World: Essays in Honor of Thomas S. Noonan. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 161. ISBN 978-3-447-05425-6.
  8. Кацва, Л. А.; Юрганов, А. Л. (1996). История России VIII-XV вв (in Russian). Moscow: Вентана-Граф. pp. 21–22. ISBN 5708401028.
  9. Рюрик - Синеус - Трувор. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  10. Мельникова Е. А. (2000). Древнейшие государства Восточной Европы. 1998 г. Восточная литература РАН. pp. 148–149. ISBN 5-02-018133-1.


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