Belgrade school shooting

On 3 May 2023, a school shooting occurred at Vladislav Ribnikar Model Elementary School in the Vračar municipality of Belgrade, Serbia. The shooter, identified as a 13-year-old male student, opened fire on students and staff, resulting in the deaths of ten individuals, including nine students and a security guard. Six others, five students and a teacher, also sustained injuries. Nine people were killed instantly, while one student died of injuries on 15 May.

Belgrade school shooting
A photo of the Vladislav Ribnikar Elementary School, taken in May 2023
Vladislav Ribnikar Elementary School
Belgrade is located in Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade (Belgrade)
LocationVladislav Ribnikar Model Elementary School, Krunski Venac, Vračar, Belgrade, Serbia
Coordinates44°48′20″N 20°28′04″E
Date3 May 2023 (2023-05-03)
c. 08:30 – 08:42 (CEST, UTC+02:00)
TargetStudents and school staff
Attack type
Weapons
Deaths10 (9 students, 1 security guard)
Injured6 (5 students, 1 teacher)
Assailant7th-grade student
ChargesNone – age of criminal responsibility not met

The police swiftly apprehended the perpetrator. However, according to Serbian law, if the age of a shooter is below 14, the shooter cannot be held criminally accountable. The shooter's father legally owned the handguns used in the incident. The attack occurred one day before a separate mass shooting in Serbia.

Background

Serbia's gun laws and previous shootings

Serbia has strict gun laws[note 1] but has one of the world's highest gun ownership rates per capita.[3][4] In 2021, with an estimated 39 privately-owned guns per 100 people, Serbia was the third-ranked country globally in this statistic, behind the United States and Yemen.[5] Along with a culture of gun ownership and many households keeping war trophies from the 20th-century wars, illegal weapons became widespread in some of the region's countries following the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.[4][5][6]

Mass shootings are rare in Serbia and the rest of the Balkans.[7] There had been three earlier mass shootings in Serbia in the 21st century: the 2007 Jabukovac killings, during which nine people were killed and five were injured; the 2013 Velika Ivanča shooting, in which 14 people were killed; and the 2016 Žitište shooting, in which five people were killed and 22 injured.[6] In 2019, there was an attempted school shooting in Velika Plana, though the perpetrator was stopped after shooting two bullets into the ceiling.[8][9] None of those shootings or the attempted shooting involved a child as the perpetrator.

School

Vladislav Ribnikar Model Elementary School[note 2] (Serbian Cyrillic: Огледна основна школа "Владислав Рибникар", romanized: Ogledna osnovna škola "Vladislav Ribnikar") is a public elementary school in Vračar, an affluent urban area and municipality of Belgrade. It was formed, as a project of Franco-Yugoslav friendship,[11][12] in 1975, through a merger of two existing, adjacent elementary schools.[13] The site of the modern school building had successively been the site of various historic schools, dating back to the 18th century.[13] One of the two predecessor schools (Slobodan Princip Seljo Elementary School) had been founded in 1966 as a home to the pilot educational project of teaching a foreign language – French – from the first grade on.[13] Starting in the 1966–1967 school year, French was led by Professor Raymond Vaillier, who did not speak any Serbian.[13][14] It later became the norm to provide foreign-language education to first-graders the country.[13] However, Vladislav Ribnikar remains noted as an elementary school focusing on French-language education.[11]

About 1000 students attend classes.[15] The school provides bilingual education in Serbian and French, and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs grants it LabelFrancÉducation.[16] Among Belgrade's elementary schools, it has enjoyed a somewhat higher level of recognition and has, from time to time, been perceived as an "elite school".[11][12][17]

Shooting
Vladislav Ribnikar school after the shooting on 3 May 2023

The shooting began around 08:30 CEST on 3 May 2023.[18][19] According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, after entering the Vladislav Ribnikar Model Elementary School, the shooter immediately pulled out a gun from his backpack and shot and killed the school security guard and then the three hall monitors that he saw in the hallway, all girls, after which he reloaded his gun as he was heading for his classroom. Upon entering the classroom, the shooter first shot at the history teacher and then fired at numerous people, killing another six, five of whom were girls. Another six students were shot in the incident. The shooter ran through the hallway and into the courtyard where he contacted the police at 8:42,[20] according to the ministry at a press conference.[21] The shooter was in possession of two pistols: a CZ-75 Shadow 2 and a Ruger .22 LR variant pistol.[22][23][24]

Students who fled in panic after the shooting found shelter in the premises of a company located behind the school.[25] Njegoševa Street was closed down after the shooting.[26]

Casualties

The shooting resulted in the deaths of nine students – eight girls and one boy – and a security guard.[27][28][29][30] One of the deceased students was a French national, according to the French foreign ministry,[31] and another was the daughter of Dragan Kobiljski, a Serbian professional volleyball coach and former player.[32][33]

In addition, six students and a teacher were injured.[6][34][35] Of the injured, two boys and one girl were taken to the University Children's Hospital.[6][36] The boys received gunshot wounds to their lower extremities, while the girl received a severe head injury, and had to undergo surgery.[37] The boys and the teacher were later reported to be in a stable condition.[38] The critically injured girl died of her wounds on 15 May, bringing the death toll from the attack to ten.[39]

Investigation
External video
video icon Veselin Milić, head of the Belgrade Police Department, presented details about the shooting at a press conference on 3 May on YouTube (1:14)

The shooter surrendered to the police and got arrested; the police soon revealed his name to the public.[21] The Higher Public Prosecutor's Office in Belgrade described him as a 13-year-old male seventh-grade student. At this age, he could not face criminal or misdemeanour charges due to the Law on juvenile offenders and criminal-law protection of juveniles setting the minimum age of criminal responsibility at 14; the case was referred to the Centre for Social Work.[40][41][42] Within the school system, disciplinary action could result, at most, in moving the student to another school.[43][note 3]

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the shooter had been planning the event for a month, selecting specific classrooms to target first and compiling a list of priority students.[6][21][34] The ministry also reported that the shooter had received training at a shooting range alongside his father,[45] who legally owned the pistols used in the incident.[4][21][23][46] Reportedly, the shooter fired a total of 57 shots during the incident.[47] Described as a quiet and academically successful student, the shooter had recently joined the class which he targeted. The motive is currently under investigation by authorities.[6]

The shooter was placed in the Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Clinic.[48][49][50][51] After the Military Medical Academy had administered a drug test, he was – according to his father's attorney Irina Borović – found not to have been under the influence of psychoactive drugs.[52][53] The judgment to keep the minor in the mental health institution is subject to periodic revision – conditionally pending parental consent (not as a strict requirement). As of 8 May, his mother granted permission.[54]

Both parents of the shooter were arrested shortly after the shooting;[23] the father was detained[40][55] and was questioned at a hearing on 5 May at the Higher Public Prosecutor's Office in Belgrade.[56] During the hearing, he denied committing crimes, while the Higher Public Prosecutor's Office proposed to the High Court to order the father into custody.[24] The court issued a judgment to keep him in custody for 30 days.[57]

Aftermath
A group of citizens putting on candles at the school, following the school shooting
Following the shooting, citizens gathered in front of the school.

President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić addressed the public about the shooting later in the day, saying that he would propose new gun measures to the government, as well as lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 14 to 12.[58] The government adopted the policy agenda the next day.[59] The new measures also included a moratorium on gun permits, more medical and psychological checks on gun owners, and hiring 1,200 police officers for schools.[60]

At a press conference, Education Minister Branko Ružić announced three national days of mourning starting from 5 May and a suspension of classes for the rest of the day, while Health Minister Danica Grujičić announced that the Institute of Mental Health would activate two telephone counselling helplines and increase access to in-person counselling, for those who feel the need for psychological support.[61][62] The National Theatre in Belgrade suspended all activities until 7 May.[63] Vučić also cancelled his attendance at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla in London; in response, Charles III expressed his condolences.[64][65]

A blood donation for the wounded students was organised at the Transfusion Institute following the shooting.[66][67]

On 8 May, the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs offered a one-month amnesty for surrendering illegal or unregistered weapons and ammunition.[68][69] The ministry reported that citizens handed over 5,937 weapons, 290,572 pieces of ammunition, and 468 explosive devices over the first three days.[70] On 11 May, the government formed the Council for peer violence prevention, headed by Prime Minister Ana Brnabić.[71]

On 4 May, KK Partizan wore the full black uniform in the EuroLeague Playoff Game 4 in Belgrade, honouring the victims of the shooting.[72] Slovenian NBA All-Star Luka Dončić offered to pay the funeral expenses of the murdered, though Belgrade's local administration later announced that it would do so instead.[73][74] After his team won the Croatian League for the 2022–23 season, the head coach of the Croatian professional volleyball team Mladost Ratko Peris, dedicated the title to Dragan Kobiljski's daughter killed in the shooting.[75]

Protests

Hundreds of citizens, including the parents of the students of the elementary school had gathered in front and around the elementary school after the shooting.[26][76] They later protested in front of the buildings of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education, where they demanded Ružić's resignation.[77][78] The protests grew larger the next day.[79][80] Citizens in cities like Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac, and in neighbouring countries, paid their respects on the day of the shooting.[81][82]

Following the shootings, opposition parties, namely the Ujedinjeni parliamentary group, People's Party, Do not let Belgrade drown, Together, Democratic Party, and Dveri announced that they would organise a protest against violence on 8 May.[83] The protestors met in front of the country's parliament before marching in silence through the streets near Serbian government offices to demanded the resignation of Vulin, Gašić, Ružić, and the council of the Regulatory Body for Electronic Media, as well as cancelling programmes that promote violence and shutting down media and tabloids that publish false news and violate the Journalistic Code.[83][84][85] In response, Prime Minister Brnabić accused them of "politicising" the shootings.[86] Tens of thousands of people gathered in Belgrade and several other cities in Serbia (Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, and Čačak) on 8 May for the "Serbia Against Violence" protest, reacting to two mass murders.[87][88] The protest in Belgrade, according to the organisers, was attended by approximately 50,000 demonstrators.[89] The second protest was held on 12 May; it began in front of the building of the National Assembly of Serbia while the demonstrators continued walking to the Gazela Bridge and it ended at Sava Centar.[90] A day later, another "Serbia Against Violence" protest was held in Kragujevac.[91]

Domino effect arrests

More than ten arrests were made in the first week following the shooting involving juveniles and/or school-related misdemeanours.

  • On 5 May, a 13-year-old boy from Kruševac posted on his Instagram account that he planned to "repeat this massacre on Friday".[92]
  • On 6 May, the police brought in for questioning a minor who was filming herself on TikTok and making fun of the murders at the Vračar school.[93]
  • On 6 May, the police in Novi Sad arrested three minor boys who published photos of weapons they wanted to take to school.[94]
  • On 6 May, the police in Niš arrested a 17-year-old because he threatened on his Instagram account that "more than 30 people will be killed in Niš."[95]
  • On 6 May, the police in Sremska Mitrovica arrested a 22-year-old because he posted on social media that the subsequent shooting would be in Sremska Mitrovica.[96]
  • On 7 May, a man from the Belgrade suburb of Leštane was arrested after calling the police, stating that he would commit a copycat massacre.[97]
  • On 8 May, the police in Kikinda arrested an 18-year-old who posted a classroom drawing with bloody figures lying next to desks while one was holding an object similar to a handgun.[98]
  • On 9 May, the police in Subotica apprehended a boy who planned to commit a massacre with a bomb. The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) found him.[99]
  • On 9 May, an 18-year-old from Kraljevo was arrested because he posted on social media that the Vračar shooter was released from custody and would come to kill half of the students in his school.[100] The Kraljevo police also arrested two minor boys who posted photos from school on social media in which they were holding a handgun.[101]
  • On 9 May, the police in Žabljak, Montenegro, apprehended a minor who expressed support to the Vračar shooter on social media.[102]
  • On 10 May, the police in Sombor apprehended an 18-year-old who posted on social media and verbally confirmed that he would take an automatic rifle to his school.[103]
  • On 10 May, the police in Vrnjačka Banja apprehended a 15-year-old who threatened his classmates on social media.[104]

Reactions
Serbian Patriarch Porfirije with students in front of the school

The UNICEF office in Serbia said that school "is not a place for violence of any kind". At the same time, the Serbian Patriarch Porfirije described it as a "catastrophe the likes of which had never happened to our people before".[105][106] The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared 5 May a national day of mourning in the country following the shooting, while the Government of Montenegro declared 7 May a national day of mourning.[107][108]

At the press conference, Ružić said, "A cancerous, pernicious influence of Internet video games, so-called Western values, is evident".[109] Opposition parties called for his resignation due to the statement, including the Youth Initiative for Human Rights and the Independent Union of Educators of Serbia, which announced that it would suspend work in all schools from 4 May.[110][111][112] The Education Trade Union of Serbia announced that it would organise a general strike starting on 5 May and called on the government to "create conditions for a normal and safe life of children and employees in the education system".[113][114] Former education minister Srđan Verbić expressed his opposition to the dismissal of Ružić but said that "it would be good for the whole situation if he offered his resignation as a personal act". In contrast, former education minister Mladen Šarčević said the shooting "primarily occurred due to the carelessness of the parents".[115][116] By the end of the three-day national mourning, on 7 May, Ružić had resigned from the position.[117]

The Serbian Party Oathkeepers demanded an urgent session of the Education Committee at the National Assembly of Serbia, while the Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia called for "all reality shows that glorify violence" to be banned.[118] The Mayor of Belgrade, Aleksandar Šapić, expressed his condolences, adding that the city government would "provide any kind of help the families need".[119][120]

See also

Notes
  1. To own a gun in Serbia, citizens must prove a valid reason to own a gun, such as an ongoing threat to life or legitimate need for hunting or sport shooting, and must submit a medical report to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which then instructs the submitter's personal physician to report whenever any relevant changes in their health occur.[1] The police may prohibit the possession of a weapon to an individual when they assess that the owner could misuse it.[2] Open carry is also not allowed, and concealed carry permits are rarely issued and require proof of a threat to life.[3]
  2. Named after Vladislav S. Ribnikar (1900–1955), Serbian journalist, director of Politika and Tanjug, and nephew of Vladislav F. Ribnikar.[10]
  3. Per the Law on foundations of the educational system and pedagogy.[43] Permanent exclusion from primary education is not legally possible.[44]

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    transl. ""He was sent to a psychiatric institution, an examination was carried out, and his mother consented for him to be placed there. Even without her consent, he could be placed there forcibly. After the first detention, the adjudicating court in the non-contentious matters proceeding could extend that measure for three to six months, with consent, but in extreme cases such as this one, it could also extend the measure without consent of the mother, provided that that it reviews its decision on whether he can be kept on a three-montly basis," said Delibašić."
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