Woodstock '99

Woodstock 1999 (also called Woodstock '99) was a music festival held from July 22 to July 25, 1999,[1][2] in Rome, New York. After Woodstock '94, it was the second large-scale music festival that attempted to emulate the original 1969 Woodstock festival. Like the previous festivals, it was held in upstate New York, this time at the former Griffiss Air Force Base roughly 100 miles (160 km) from the original Woodstock site. The attendance was approximately 220,000 over four days.[3]

Woodstock 1999
Genre
DatesJuly 22–25, 1999
Location(s)Griffiss Air Force Base (Rome, New York, U.S.)
Coordinates43.23°N 75.41°W / 43.23; -75.41
Founded byMichael Lang, John Scher
Attendance220,000+
Websitehttps://www.woodstock1999.com/
Rome is located in the United States
Rome
Rome
Location in the United States
Rome is located in New York
Rome
Rome
Location in New York

The cable network MTV covered the festival extensively, and live coverage was available on pay-per-view. Westwood One held its radio rights.[4] Excerpts were released on CD and DVD.

The festival was marred by controversy and difficult environmental conditions, overpriced food and water, poor sanitation leading to sicknesses, sexual harassment and rapes, rioting, looting, vandalism, arson, violence and death.[2] It has been described as, "notorious", "a flashpoint in cultural nadir",[5] and like being "in another country during military conflict".[6]

Promoters

Michael Lang, one of the original co-founders of Woodstock, agreed to partner with John Scher, a successful New Jersey concert promoter, for a 30-years-on revival of the iconic festival.

Performers

Many of the high profile acts such as DMX, Limp Bizkit, Korn, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Alanis Morissette, Kid Rock, Metallica, and Creed were popular or rising artists of the era. While no groups that performed at the original Woodstock festival took the stage at Woodstock 1999, there were individuals who did. John Entwistle of the Who performed a solo set and Mickey Hart (drummer of the Grateful Dead) played with his band Planet Drum. Jeff Beck was scheduled to perform but had to cancel due to a "scheduling conflict". He had been scheduled to perform at the original Woodstock festival; however, his band Jeff Beck Group broke up the week before.[7] Although the Doors rejected an offer to play at the first Woodstock, their guitarist Robby Krieger was a surprise addition to Creed's set, after he was invited to perform "Roadhouse Blues" with the group.[3]

Foo Fighters were set to perform, but withdrew to finish work on There Is Nothing Left to Lose, coupled with guitarist Franz Stahl leaving the band.[8] Sugar Ray was slated to appear at Woodstock 1999 but had to cancel due to lead singer Mark McGrath's illness.[9] Al Green was also supposed to appear, but backed out following John F. Kennedy Jr.'s death in a plane crash.[10] Reportedly; Slipknot, Rob Zombie, and Deftones were each offered slots but were obligated to perform on Ozzfest that summer, though fellow tourmates Godsmack accepted the offer.[11]

Facilities
Aerial photo of Griffiss Air Force Base in 1997

The festival was held on the east side of Rome at the former Griffiss Air Force Base, a Superfund site.[12] The U.S. Air Force had closed the B-52 base in September 1995, and it was later redeveloped as Griffiss Business and Technology Park.[1][2][12]

The promoters were determined to avoid the gate-crashing that had occurred at previous festivals. They characterized the site as "defensible", thinking a 12-foot (3.7 m) plywood and steel fence would keep out those without tickets. Attendees actually broke through a 100-foot section of this "Peace Wall" on Saturday night (not to get into the show, but to get out).[13] Along with the fence, about 500 New York State Police troopers were planned to be providing additional security against gate-crashers.[14]

In addition to two main stages, secondary venues were available. These included several alternate stages, a night-time rave tent, and a film festival (sponsored by the Independent Film Channel) held in a former airplane hangar.

Finances

Woodstock 1999 was conceived and executed as a commercial venture with dozens of corporate sponsors and included the presence of vendor "malls" and modern accoutrements such as ATMs and email stations.[15] Advance tickets for the event were priced at $150 (equivalent to $240 in 2021) plus service charges,[16] at the time considered costly for a festival of this type.[17] Tickets purchased at the gate cost $180.[18]

There were about 400,000 attendees.[16] A total of 186,983 tickets were sold according to reports shortly after the festival, which "translates into a gross take of $28,864,748" at the time.[19] Ticket sales were advertised as being capped at 250,000, the capacity of the venue.[20] It has been estimated that ticket sales were worth $60 million in revenue, but that number appears to have been based on believing there were 400,000 paid attendees.[21] It has been suggested that ticket sales were underreported to avoid extra contractual payouts to the hosting community:[22]

Perhaps the discrepancy stems from the deal between Woodstock 1999 promoters and the Griffiss Local Development Corporation (GLDC). MTV cites that the GLDC, the city of Rome, and Oneida County were expected to receive $1 million to host the festival and an additional $250,000 if ticket sales topped 200,000.

Any tickets sold beyond 200,000 would then result in an additional $5 (per ticket) paid to all parties. While it's clear more than 186,983 people attended Woodstock 1999, on paper, only that many tickets had been recorded being sold.

Based on that figure, the promoters wouldn’t have been required to dish out the extra money it had promised the GLDC.[22]

The promoters stated $38 million in original production costs (not including damages, fees, and emergency costs for extra security).[23][24] Promoters had originally budgeted the festival at $30 million.[25]

Rome (especially the downtown area and the commercial areas adjacent to the festival site) became a major draw for attendees, who patronized its bars, restaurants, and stores and stayed in its hotels and motels for the concert’s duration. It was estimated that tourists spent $30-$40 million in the area by the Oneida County Convention and Visitors Bureau.[18]

Woodstock 1999 was simulcast on pay-per-view television, with early reports of 500,000 purchases.[26] In addition to documenting the performers, MTV's pay-per-view coverage included coverage of the site and vox pop interviews with attendees, which some reporters later considered to resemble gonzo journalism.[27] With 500,000 purchases of three-day simulcast passes at $59.95 each, revenues could have been as high as $30 million. Five years earlier, Woodstock '94 had made over $9 million on its pay-per-view sales to 220,000 households.[4] Other revenue came from CD and DVD sales after the festival.

"We knew we'd never make a significant on-site profit," Scher says. "It's all about the after-show marketing. We believe that we have a great event to build upon."[26]

Vendors

Vendors paid $500 (equivalent to $810 in 2021) to sell at Woodstock during the 4-day festival. There were many non-vendors who attempted to sell on a smaller scale on the paths to and from the concert and camping areas.

Reception

The festival featured a diverse assortment of acts, early reviews for many of which were positive.[28][29] In particular, the Associated Press called Korn and rap rock artists Limp Bizkit, Kid Rock, Insane Clown Posse and Rage Against the Machine the "breakout stars" of the festival.[30] Performances from The Offspring, DMX, and Jamiroquai also received praise. However, critical and public attention would quickly turn to the deteriorating environment and crowd behavior.

Controversy

Organizers had attempted to hold a European leg of the festival in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, the weekend prior to the upstate New York concert.[31] This version of the festival was ultimately cancelled. In announcing the cancellation, Michael Lang stated that more time was required in order to be able to hold a safe Woodstock event.[32]

Environment and health

Oppressive heat—which reached above 100 °F (38 °C)—and difficult environmental conditions marred the festival from early on. The former Griffiss AFB included large areas of concrete and asphalt with little or no shade, placing the entire facility within its own heat island. This effect not only caused temperatures to rise during the day, but also kept them elevated at night. The East and West stages were 2.3 miles (3.7 km) apart, forcing festivalgoers to walk across hot concrete surfaces. There was not enough room on grassy areas for many campers to set up their tents, and some resorted to camping on asphalt.[13]

Participants were met with high prices once inside. Food and water sold by onsite vendors was expensive; the vendors were subcontractors whose contract with the organizers gave them complete control over pricing, which they took advantage of to continue raising prices throughout the festival as supplies wore thin and attendees became agitated.[1][33][27] As an alternative, festival-goers faced a long trek or cramped travel via looping buses to Rome's modest shopping areas, where stores had long lines and low stock; however, most outside food and drink was confiscated by security.[33][27][34] People stood in long lines to access the free water fountains, until frustration led a few concertgoers to break the pipes to provide water to those in the middle of the line, in turn creating many large mud pits.[33][27] The groundwater and soil at the site had been contaminated by heavy metals and toxic chemicals such as trichloroethylene and PCBs from its time as a military installation, hence its designation as a Superfund cleanup site.[12]

Performers Wyclef Jean and Kid Rock demanded that the concertgoers pelt the stage with stray plastic water bottles during their sets.[27]

The number of toilets installed proved insufficient for the number of attendees. Within a short time, some facilities (notably the on-site portable toilets and showers) were unusable and overflowing.[33] Excrement from the toilets flowed into the mud pits created by the broken water main, leading to attendees covered in waste and cases of trench mouth and trench foot.[27][35][36]

Sexual assaults, violence, and deaths

During The Offspring's performance, singer Dexter Holland complained to the crowd about seeing women in the audience getting groped, as did Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea during their set.[37] At least five rapes and numerous other sexual assaults and harassment were reported to authorities.[38] Eyewitnesses reported a crowd-surfing woman being pulled down into the crowd and assaulted in the mosh pit during Limp Bizkit's set.[39] During the post-stage rave on Saturday night, an apparently intoxicated man stole and drove a truck into the rave hangar during Fatboy Slim's set.[3][27] Staff reported seeing a teenager being raped in the back of the truck while attempting to remove it from the hangar area, and Slim and his entourage were asked to evacuate the premises.[27][40][41] A volunteer also reported seeing a gang-rape during Korn's performance.[42]

Violence and vandalism occurred during and after the Saturday night performance by Limp Bizkit; this included fans tearing plywood from the walls during a performance of the song "Break Stuff".[3][43][44][45][46] The band's vocalist, Fred Durst, stated during the concert, "Don't let anybody get hurt. But I don't think you should mellow out. That's what Alanis Morissette had you motherfuckers do. If someone falls, pick 'em up."[43] Durst said during a performance of the band's hit song "Nookie", "We already let all the negative energy out. It's time to reach down and bring that positive energy to this motherfucker. It's time to let yourself go right now, 'cause there are no motherfuckin' rules out there."[47]

Widely blamed for inciting the crowd to violence, Durst later stated in an interview, "I didn't see anybody getting hurt. You don't see that. When you're looking out on a sea of people and the stage is twenty feet [6 m] in the air and you're performing, and you're feeling your music, how do they expect us to see something bad going on?"[43] Former Limp Bizkit manager Peter Katsis defended Durst in an interview for Netflix's 2022 documentary on the festival, claiming that “pointing the finger at Fred is about the last thing anybody should do. There really isn’t a way to control 300,000 people. The best thing he could do is put on the best show possible, and that’s what he did.”[27]

The "Peace Patrol" security officers were unarmed, unqualified, and often uninterested in performing their duty; many simply sold their spare security uniforms to other concertgoers.[27]

A man named David DeRosia collapsed in the mosh pit during Metallica’s performance.[48][49] Concert medical staff initially tried to treat his symptoms, which were seizures, and what doctors suspected to be a drug overdose. DeRosia was transported to the Air Force base medical center and was then airlifted to University Hospital in Syracuse. A little more than an hour after he had collapsed, DeRosia's body temperature was 107 °F (42 °C). The following afternoon, he had fallen into a coma and a doctor had diagnosed him with "hyperthermia, probably secondary to heat stroke". DeRosia died at 12:09 pm on Monday, July 26, having never awoken. The autopsy report ruled the death as accidental and listed the cause of death to be hyperthermia, along with an enlarged heart and obesity. In 2001, DeRosia's mother filed a lawsuit in New York Supreme Court against the promoters of Woodstock 1999 and six doctors who worked at the event; the lawsuit stated that DeRosia died because concert promoters were negligent by not providing enough fresh water and adequate medical care for 400,000 attendees.[48]

Two other deaths were reported during the festival. A 44-year-old "succumbed to the heat" on Friday; he had been an attendee of Woodstock '69.[50] A 28-year-old woman was hit by a car while walking along the road when leaving the concert.[35]

Violence escalated the final night during the concert’s last hours as Red Hot Chili Peppers performed on the east stage and Megadeth performed on the west stage. A group of peace promoters, led by the anti-gun violence organization PAX (later renamed the Center to Prevent Youth Violence), had distributed candles to those stopping at their booth during the day, intending them for a candlelight vigil for the victims of the Columbine High School massacre to be held during the Chili Peppers' performance of the song "Under the Bridge";[51] this had not been mentioned to or approved by local firefighting authorities.[27] During the band's set the crowd began to light the candles, with some also using candles and lighters to start bonfires. Hundreds of empty plastic water bottles that littered the lawn area were used as fuel for the fire, which had spread to both stages by the end of the performances. After the band finished their main set, the audience was informed about "a bit of a problem." An audio tower had caught fire and the fire department was called in to extinguish it; Scher claims that they refused the call.[27][52]

Called back onstage for an encore by Scher, the Chili Peppers' lead singer Anthony Kiedis remarked of the fires, "It's, uh, Apocalypse Now out there."[27][53] The fires escalated into violence and vandalism, resulting in the intervention of New York State Police riot control squads.[27][54]

The band was blamed in the media for inciting the riots after performing a cover of the Jimi Hendrix song "Fire".[55] Kiedis wrote in his autobiography, Scar Tissue, that Hendrix's sister had instead asked them to play "Fire" in honor of Hendrix and his performance at the original Woodstock festival. He continued: "It was clear that this situation had nothing to do with Woodstock anymore. It wasn't symbolic of peace and love, but of greed and cashing in."[55]

Many large, high bonfires were burning before the band left the stage for the last time. Participants danced in circles around the fires. Looking for more fuel, some tore off plywood panels from the supposedly inviolable security perimeter fence. ATMs were tipped over and broken into, trailers full of merchandise and equipment were forced open and burglarized, and abandoned vendor booths were turned over and set afire.[56][57][58] It was reported that approximately $22,000 was robbed from ATMs.[18]

MTV evacuated its entire crew which had been providing live coverage of the festival. Host Kurt Loder described the scene in USA Today:

It was dangerous to be around. The whole scene was scary. There were just waves of hatred bouncing around the place...  It was clear we had to get out of there...  It was like a concentration camp. To get in, you get frisked to make sure you're not bringing in any water or food that would prevent you from buying from their outrageously priced booths. You wallow around in garbage and human waste. There was a palpable mood of anger.[59]

By 11:45pm, a large force of 500-700 state troopers, local police officers, and various other law enforcement arrived.[2][50] Most had riot control gear and proceeded to form a riot-line that flushed the crowd to the northwest, away from the stage located at the eastern end of the airfield. Some reports state that few of the crowd offered strong resistance, and they dispersed back toward the campground and out the main entrance.[60] Others claim that the riot line allowed the concertgoers to "tire themselves out" in the campground area and that the fires were not contained until "well after sunrise".[50]

Aftermath

Reports suggest 42 to 44 people were arrested over the course of the festival.[18][50] Ten state troopers and two state police supervisors were reportedly demoted or suspended for their behavior at the festival:[18]

A supervisor of two state troopers who had posed with naked female attendees was suspended; a New York State prison guard was charged with sodomizing a 15-year-old girl during the riots; 253 people had been treated at area hospitals. The official numbers of fans treated on-site is between 4,000 and 4,500, yet Dr. Richard Kaskiw, one of the few area doctors who worked the medical tents, says that he was told by Vuoculo—who issued the official stats—that the numbers were far higher, the 8,000 to 10,000 range.[50]

Shortly afterwards, the New York State Department of Health reported 5,162 medical cases related to the festival.[35]

After the concert, members of the National Organization for Women (NOW) gathered outside the New York offices of one of the promoters to protest the sexual violence against women which had occurred.[38] Police investigated four instances of rape that occurred during the concert.[61] In October 2000, a woman sued Oneida County and Michael Lang for personal injury over sexual assault at the festival.[62]

Several lawsuits by concert-goers against the promoters for dehydration and distress were announced.[63]

The New York Times solicited festival performers Rage Against the Machine for their opinion of the festival's controversy. Tom Morello, the band's guitarist, wrote on August 5, 1999, in Neil Strauss's Times column:

Hey man, leave the kids alone. I've had enough of the frenzied demonization of young people surrounding Woodstock '99. Yes, Woodstock was filled with predators: the degenerate idiots who assaulted those women, the greedy promoters who wrung every cent out of thirsty concertgoers, and last but not least, the predator media that turned a blind eye to real violence and scapegoated the quarter of a million music fans at Woodstock '99, the vast majority of whom had the time of their lives.[64]

It took three weeks to clean up the site after the festival. Organizers spent an estimated $78,000 re-sodding the grounds in the stage and mosh pit areas.[18] Approximately 12 trailers, a small bus, and a number of booths and portable toilets were damaged by fire in the fray; some of the trailers were refrigerated and had coolant or propane tanks that exploded, which can be seen in video footage.[50][40]

Following the event, San Francisco Examiner journalist Jane Ganahl cast doubt on the ability to promote another high-profile Woodstock concert and described the event as "the day the music died".[65]

Event schedule

During the four days of the festival, various bands and artists[66] performed on one of the three different stages: "West Stage", "East Stage", and "Emerging Artists Stage".

West Stage

AMP3.com Emerging Artists Stage
  • Immoral Fibres[3]
  • Simmi[3]
  • Chris Glenn[3]
  • Gary Durdin & The Clay Pinps
  • Johnny Rushmore[3]

East Stage

West Stage

Emerging Artists Stage

East Stage

West Stage

Rave Tent

East Stage

West Stage

Emerging Artists Stage

Recordings

Music from Woodstock 1999 was released on a two-disc compact disc set, Woodstock 1999. The album features 32 performing artists and was released on Epic Records on October 19, 1999.[85]

A DVD of concert highlights entitled Woodstock 99 was released in March 2000. It features the more positive aspects of the concerts with one song each from 29 of the participating acts, along with interviews from the musicians and concert-goers.[86]

Most of the Bush performance is available on the DVD The Best of '94–'99.[87]

Documentaries

The Ringer has produced an eight-part documentary podcast series on the Luminary hosting site. Entitled Break Stuff: The Story of Woodstock '99, the show is a look back at the concert, the venue, the artists, the violence and the truths and misconceptions on what caused Woodstock 1999 to be such a disaster.[88]

The documentary Woodstock 99: Peace, Love, and Rage, directed by Garret Price, premiered on July 23, 2021, on HBO and HBO Max.[89][90]

On August 3, 2022, Netflix premiered a three-part documentary titled Trainwreck: Woodstock '99, directed by Jamie Crawford, with new interviews with concertgoers, journalists present at the festival, artists who performed at the festival, and co-promoters John Scher and Michael Lang.[90][91]

See also

References
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