Wyckoff, New Jersey

Wyckoff is a township in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 16,585,[10][11] a decrease of 111 (−0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 16,696,[20][21] which in turn reflected an increase of 188 (+1.1%) from the 16,508 counted in the 2000 census.[22]

Wyckoff, New Jersey
Township
Van Blarcom – Jardine House
Van Blarcom – Jardine House
Official seal of Wyckoff, New Jersey
Seal
Nickname: 
"Garden Town in the Garden State"[1]
Map highlighting Wyckoff's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey.
Map highlighting Wyckoff's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Wyckoff, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Wyckoff, New Jersey
Wyckoff is located in Bergen County, New Jersey
Wyckoff
Wyckoff
Location in Bergen County
Wyckoff is located in New Jersey
Wyckoff
Wyckoff
Location in New Jersey
Wyckoff is located in the United States
Wyckoff
Wyckoff
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.999093°N 74.168849°W / 40.999093; -74.168849[2][3]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyBergen
IncorporatedNovember 2, 1926
Government
[4]
 • TypeTownship
 • BodyTownship Committee
 • MayorTom Madigan (R, term ends December 31, 2023)[5][6]
 • AdministratorMatthew A. Cavallo[7]
 • Municipal clerkNancy A. Brown[8]
Area
[2]
 • Total6.65 sq mi (17.22 km2)
 • Land6.59 sq mi (17.07 km2)
 • Water0.06 sq mi (0.15 km2)  0.89%
 • Rank247th of 565 in state
6th of 70 in county[2]
Elevation
[9]
331 ft (101 m)
Population
 (2020)[10][11]
 • Total16,585
 • Estimate 
(2021)[10][12]
17,037
 • Rank160th of 565 in state
19th of 70 in county[13]
 • Density2,516.3/sq mi (971.5/km2)
  • Rank249th of 565 in state
50th of 70 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07481[14][15]
Area code(s)201, 551[16]
FIPS code3400383050[2][17][18]
GNIS feature ID0882309[2][19]
Websitewww.wyckoff-nj.com

As of the 2010 census, Wyckoff ranked 55th in highest-household income places in the United States with a population of at least 10,000 at $103,614. Statewide, Wyckoff ranked 41st among New Jersey locations by per capita income, with a per capita money income of $49,375 as of 1999, an increase of 49.1% from the $33,124 recorded in 1989.[23]

From the mid-18th century, what is now Wyckoff was a community within Franklin Township, formed on June 1, 1797, when Saddle River Township (now Saddle Brook) was split, which consisted of most of northern Bergen County west of the Saddle River. Starting in the 1840s, several new municipalities were created from portions of Franklin Township (Pompton Township on April 10, 1797, Hohokus Township (now Mahwah) on April 9, 1849, and Ridgewood Township on March 30, 1876; remaining now the Village of Ridgewood), so that today what is now Wyckoff borders eight different communities. Wyckoff was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 2, 1926, replacing Franklin Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. Portions of Wyckoff were ceded to Midland Park based on the results of a referendum held on June 9, 1931.[24]

Though there is no solid historical evidence for any of the various theories, the most commonly given origin for the name Wyckoff, which was the origin accepted by the township committee when the municipality was established, is that the name is from the Lenape word wickoff, meaning "high ground", or that it is from wickok, meaning "water".[25][26] However, similarly named Wyckoff Heights in New York City is named after the Wyckoff family, who settled in the New York/New Jersey area when both states were part of the Dutch colony of New Netherlands.[27] Other sources ascribe the name to Wicaugh in Malpas, England.[28]

History

The first known human inhabitants of the area were the Lenni Lenape Native Americans who lived north of the Raritan River and spoke a Munsee dialect of Algonquian. Sicomac, said to mean "resting place for the departed" or "happy hunting ground", is an area of Wyckoff that, according to tradition, was the burial place of many Native Americans, including Chief Oratam of the Ackingshacys, and many stores and buildings in the community have been named after the area's name, including Sicomac Elementary School.[26] Most Native Americans had left by the 19th century, although a small group lived near Clinton Avenue until 1939.

What is Wyckoff today was originally part of Saddle River Township, which included all of Bergen County west of the Saddle River. Saddle River Township was split in 1771, with the area containing Wyckoff becoming Franklin Township. By 1755, about 100 families lived in the Franklin Township area, of which no more than 20 were in what is now Wyckoff. Franklin Township (1771) consisted of what is today Ho-Ho-Kus (seceded 1849), Ridgewood (seceded 1876), Midland Park (seceded 1894), Oakland (seceded 1902), Franklin Lakes (seceded 1922), and Wyckoff. The size of Franklin Township decreased as areas seceded and were incorporated into their own municipalities. After Franklin Lakes was established in 1922, Franklin Township consisted of only the area known locally as Wyckoff. On November 2, 1926, residents voted (243 positive votes out of 337) to change the name from Franklin Township to the Township of Wyckoff.[24]

The first recorded permanent settlers were John and William Van Voor Haze (Voorhees), who purchased 550 acres (220 ha) of land in the area in 1720. Other early settlers (mostly Dutch) included the Van Horns, Terhunes, Ackermans, Quackenbushes, Pulises, and Vanderhoffs. In 1940 the population was just under 4,000 consisting of roughly 100 families with 30% of the land devoted to farming. By 1969 the number of farms had dropped to 13 covering 3 acres (1.2 ha), 6% of the township. By 2012, only two farms remain: Abma's Farm and Goffle Road Poultry Farm, which is Bergen County's only remaining live market.[29] Rail service by the New Jersey Midland Railway began in 1870. That service was purchased by the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway, which abruptly ended passenger service in 1966.

The Terhune House is an historic home listed on the National Register of Historic Places, located at 161 Godwin Avenue, that was initially constructed in 1737.[30]

In 1994, the Vander Plaat funeral home prepared the body of Richard Nixon for burial.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 6.65 square miles (17.22 km2), including 6.59 square miles (17.07 km2) of land and 0.06 square miles (0.15 km2) of water (0.89%).[2][3]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Sicomac.[31]

The township borders the municipalities of Allendale, Franklin Lakes, Mahwah, Midland Park, Ridgewood and Waldwick in Bergen County; and both Hawthorne and North Haledon in Passaic County.[32][33][34]

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wyckoff has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[35]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19001,285—
19101,50917.4%
19201,288−14.6%
19303,001*133.0%
19403,847*28.2%
19505,59045.3%
196011,205100.4%
197016,03943.1%
198015,500−3.4%
199015,372−0.8%
200016,5087.4%
201016,6961.1%
202016,585−0.7%
2021 (est.)17,037[10][12]2.7%
Population sources:
1910–1930[36] 1900–2020[37][38]
2000[39][40] 2010[20][21] 2020[10][11]
* Lost territory in previous decade.[24]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 16,696 people, 5,646 households, and 4,641 families in the township. The population density was 2,550.1 per square mile (984.6/km2). There were 5,827 housing units at an average density of 890.0 per square mile (343.6/km2). The racial makeup was 93.53% (15,616) White, 0.56% (94) Black or African American, 0.04% (7) Native American, 4.23% (706) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.47% (79) from other races, and 1.16% (194) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.41% (737) of the population.[20]

Of the 5,646 households, 40.6% had children under the age of 18; 73.2% were married couples living together; 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 17.8% were non-families. Of all households, 16.1% were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.26.[20]

27.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.0 males.[20]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $145,366 (with a margin of error of +/− $11,501) and the median family income was $163,034 (+/− $10,963). Males had a median income of $111,950 (+/− $12,210) versus $64,148 (+/− $10,102) for females. The per capita income for the township was $64,476 (+/− $5,019). About 0.6% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.9% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.[41]

In 2010, the median income for a household in the township was $138,373, and the median income for a family was $154,420. In 2000, males had a median income of $87,850 versus $51,929 for females. The per capita income for the township was $49,375. About 1.1% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over.[39][40]

Same-sex couples headed 24 households in 2010, an increase from the 17 counted in 2000.[42]

2000 census

As of the 2000 U.S. census,[17] there were 16,508 people, 5,541 households, and 4,632 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,521.6 people per square mile (973.1/km2). There were 5,638 housing units at an average density of 861.2 per square mile (332.3/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 94.54% White, 0.47% African American, 0.15% Native American, 3.70% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.28% of the population.[39][40]

There were 5,541 households, out of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.7% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.4% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.22.[39][40]

In the township, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.[39][40]

Government

Local government

Wyckoff is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.[43] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected on a partisan basis as part of the November general election, with either one or two seats up for vote each year in a three-year cycle.[4][44] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects a chairperson from among its members who serves as mayor, and another member to serve as deputy mayor. The committee serves as Wyckoff's legislative and executive body, with the mayor responsible for chairing meetings and signing documents on behalf of the township.

As of 2023, the members of the Wyckoff Township Committee are Mayor Tom Madigan (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2023), Rudolf E. Boonstra Jr. (R, 2025), Scott Fisher (R, 2023), Peter J. Melchionne (R, 2023) and Timothy E. Shanley (R, 2024).[5][45][46][47][48][49]

Township politics

In December 2022, Melissa Rubenstein resigned from her committee seat expiring in December 2023.[50]

In September 2021, former chairman of the Bergen County Republican Organization Committee Bob Yudin launched a write-in campaign against Republican township committeeman Tom Madigan. Yudin argued that Madigan's role in moving the Wyckoff Board of Education elections from November to April was "a blatant attempt to reduce the voter turnout so Madigan and his minions will have a better chance to put their people into office", and he also attacked Madigan's character by citing a dismissed 2010 complaint that charged him with slapping a 17-year-old. Madigan staved off the challenge, having received 4,014 votes in the November 2021 election versus Yudin's 1,200 write-in votes.[51][52]

In August 2021 the township committee voted to move Wyckoff Board of Education elections from November to April, claiming that, in part because April elections would allow residents a direct vote on the school budget, the move would increase Board of Education transparency and accountability. The Board President criticized the committee's vote as a "highly political" decision that would "adversely affect the quality of education in Wyckoff", and others cited concerns about lower voter turnout in April elections.[53]

In June 2019, a controversy emerged over whether Wyckoff should fly the gay pride flag at town hall. Mayor Tom Madigan denied calls from residents and local activists, including a petition with over 1000 signatures and a 100-person rally, citing concerns that flying the flag could create a public forum where the town could be forced to recognize any cause.[54] A year later, in June 2020, Mayor Tim Shanley led the township committee in flying the pride flag on a pole near the library on the same municipal lot as town hall; Committeeman Rudy Boonstra abstained from the flag-raising ceremony, and Shanley accused Madigan, now a committeeman, of saying he "wanted no ceremony," and "to strike 'proudly' from the resolution supporting the cause when we passed it this year".[55][56]

In May 2019, Committeewoman Melissa Rubenstein, who had been elected in 2017 as a Democrat, switched her party affiliation to Republican.[57]

At the January 2018 reorganization meeting, committeeman Brian Scanlan was chosen as Wyckoff's first Democratic mayor; in 2017 he was not chosen as mayor, despite a longstanding committee tradition of having the previous year's deputy mayor, which Scanlan had been, serve as mayor. In 2018 no deputy mayor was selected. Rubenstein, Scanlan's running mate, was also sworn in, becoming the second elected Democrat, second woman, and first Jewish person to serve on the committee.[58][59]

At the January 2017 reorganization meeting, the committee selected Republican Timothy Shanley to fill the seat expiring in December 2018 that had been held by Kevin J. Rooney until he resigned from office to fill the vacant Assembly seat that had been held by Scott Rumana.[60][61]

Committee member Kevin J. Rooney won the 2013 version of the Food Network series Chopped, donating his $10,000 winnings to Oasis—A Haven for Women and Children based in Paterson.[62]

Federal, state and county representation

Wyckoff is in the 5th Congressional District[63] and is part of New Jersey's 40th state legislative district.[64][65][66]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's Fifth Congressional District is represented by Josh Gottheimer (D, Wyckoff).[67][68] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[69] and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).[70][71]

For the 2022–2023 session, the 40th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Kristin Corrado (R, Totowa) and in the General Assembly by Christopher DePhillips (R, Wyckoff) and Kevin J. Rooney (R, Wyckoff).[72]

Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners comprised of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman, Vice Chairman and Chairman Pro Tempore are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2023, the county executive is Democratic James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[73] Bergen County's Commissioners are Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, term as commissioner ends December 31, 2025; term as chair ends 2023),[74] Vice Chairman Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2025),[75] Chair Pro Tempore Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2023),[76] Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2025),[77] Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term),[78] Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024)[79] and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2024).[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Bergen County's constitutional officials are John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026),[88][89] Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2025)[90][91] Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).[92][93][83][94]

Electoral history
Wyckoff vote
by party in presidential elections
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020[95] 47.59% 5,458 50.69% 5,814 1.73% 198
2016[95] 41.73% 4,078 53.79% 5,257 4.48% 438
2012[95] 34.85% 3,178 64.34% 5,867 0.81% 74
2008[95] 39.73% 3,903 59.56% 5,851 0.70% 69
2004[95] 36.36% 3,459 62.97% 5,990 0.66% 63
2000[96] 35.68% 3,075 61.18% 5,273 3.14% 271
1996[97] 33.47% 2,547 60.76% 4,623 5.77% 439

As of March 2011, there were a total of 11,809 registered voters in Wyckoff Township, of which 2,203 (18.7% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 4,504 (38.1% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 5,099 (43.2% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[98] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 70.7% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 97.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[98][99]

In the 2020 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 5,814 votes (50.7% vs. 41.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Joe Biden with 5,458 votes (47.6% vs. 57.7% countywide) and other candidates with 198 votes (1.7% vs. 1.1% countywide), among the 11,470 ballots cast by the township's 14,075 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.5% (vs. 75.1% in Bergen County).[100][101] In the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 5,257 votes (53.8% vs. 41.1% countywide), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 4,078 votes (41.7% vs. 54.2%) and other candidates with 442 votes (4.5% vs. 4.6%), among the 9,888 ballots cast by the township's 12,937 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.4% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County).[102] In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 5,871 votes (64.0% vs. 43.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 3,183 votes (34.7% vs. 54.8%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.7% vs. 0.9%), among the 9,168 ballots cast by the township's 12,430 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.8% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[103][104] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 5,851 votes (59.3% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 3,903 votes (39.6% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with 55 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,860 ballots cast by the township's 12,085 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.6% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County).[105][106] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 5,990 votes (62.8% vs. 47.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 3,459 votes (36.3% vs. 51.7%) and other candidates with 63 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 9,541 ballots cast by the township's 11,624 registered voters, for a turnout of 82.1% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).[107]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.0% of the vote (3,958 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.0% (1,267 votes), and other candidates with 1.0% (52 votes), among the 5,342 ballots cast by the township's 11,974 registered voters (65 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 44.6%.[108][109] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,905 votes (50.3% vs. 45.8% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,608 votes (42.4% vs. 48.0%), Independent Chris Daggett with 213 votes (5.6% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 24 votes (0.6% vs. 0.5%), among the 3,791 ballots cast by the township's 6,975 registered voters, yielding a 54.4% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).[110]

Education

The Wyckoff School District serves public students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade.[111] As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 1,932 students and 179.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.[112] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[113]) are Calvin Coolidge Elementary School,[114] with 289 students in grades K-5, Abraham Lincoln Elementary School,[115] with 304 students in grades K-5, Sicomac Elementary School,[116] with 297 students in grades PreK-5, George Washington Elementary School[117] with 346 students in grades K-5 and Dwight D. Eisenhower Middle School,[118] with 672 students in grades 6-8.[119][120] Calvin Coolidge School, located at 420 Grandview Avenue, is an elementary school which opened in 1932 as a six-room K–6 school and has been expanded several times over the years. Eisenhower Middle School was approved in 1960 and dedicated 1963. Since 1993, Eisenhower has served grades 6 to 8. Abraham Lincoln School was dedicated in 1953 on land purchased in 1950. Sicomac School was completed in 1967. George Washington School was constructed as an 11-room brick building on the site where the previous school had burned down.

In the 2003–2004 school year, Eisenhower Middle School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award from the United States Department of Education, the highest honor that an American school can achieve.[121]

Public high school students from Wyckoff in ninth through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District, which also serves students from Franklin Lakes and Oakland.[122][123] Students entering the district as freshmen have the option to attend either of the district's high schools, subject to a choice made during eighth grade.[124][125] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[126]) are Indian Hills High School, located in Oakland[127] (919 students) and Ramapo High School, located in Franklin Lakes[128] (1,285 students).[129][130] The high school district's nine-member board of education oversees the operation of the district; seats on the board are allocated based on population, with four of the nine seats allocated to Wyckoff.[131]

The first public school building in the township was a one-room schoolhouse constructed on Wyckoff Avenue in 1869 and used until 1906. Prior to 1929, high school students attended Paterson Central High School in Paterson, before the Board of Education voted to send students to Ramsey High School in Ramsey instead.[132] Franklin Lakes, Oakland and Wyckoff (FLOW district) approved the creation of a regional high school in 1954 by a vote of 1,060 to 51, with Ramapo High School (in Franklin Lakes) opened in 1957 and Indian Hills High School in 1960.

Public school students from the township, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[133][134]

Eastern Christian Middle School (ECMS) is a private Christian school with about 200 students in grades 6–8 that is a part of the Eastern Christian School Association.[135]

Saint Elizabeth School serves children grades Pre-K–8, with an average of 30 kids in each grade and operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[136] The school was recognized in 2011 with the National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education.[137]

Emergency services

Fire department

Wyckoff has a fire department that was founded in 1907 and consists of three companies.[138]

Company Address Apparatus
Wyckoff Fire Department Company #11 Scott PlazaBattalion 1, R242, E234, E235, TL241, Rescue Boats
Wyckoff Community Engine Company #2178 Wyckoff AvenueBattalion 2, E231, E232,
Sicomac Engine Company #3428 Sicomac AvenueBattalion 3, E233, E236

Ambulance and police departments

Wyckoff has its own volunteer ambulance corps. It was established in 1926 and responded to over 1,000 calls in 2014.[139] Wyckoff Police Department was established in 1922 and operates on a 24-hour basis.[140]

Transportation
Route 208 southbound in Wyckoff

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 92.04 miles (148.12 km) of roadways, of which 77.02 miles (123.95 km) were maintained by the municipality, 12.60 miles (20.28 km) by Bergen County and 2.42 miles (3.89 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[141]

Route 208 heads northwest through the township, entering from Hawthorne in Passaic County and continuing 2.5 miles (4.0 km) before entering Franklin Lakes.[142] County Route 502 (Franklin Avenue) enters from Franklin Lakes and runs east–west through the northern portion of the township for 2.0 miles (3.2 km) before entering Waldwick.[143]

Public transportation

NJ Transit provides service on the 148 route to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and local bus service on the 722 route and on the 752 route, which operates between Oakland and Hackensack.[144][145]

Bus service is also provided by Short Line Bus to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with some buses providing service across 42nd Street to Second Avenue.[146]

Historic rail service
The former station at Wyckoff

The historic Wyckoff railroad station was built by the New Jersey Midland Railway around 1870[147] and later served passengers on the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYS&W).[148] until service was abruptly curtailed in 1966. Plans to restore service have not materialized.[149] The township is a stop on the annual Toys for Tots train.[150][151]

Local media

Wyckoff is served by the Wyckoff Suburban News, a weekly community newspaper published by the North Jersey Media Group. The daily newspaper for the region is The Record which is also published by North Jersey Media Group.

Houses of worship

Houses of worship in the township include:[152]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Wyckoff include: ((B) denotes that the person was born in Wyckoff).

Historic sites
Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyckoff, New Jersey

Wyckoff is home to the following locations on the National Register of Historic Places:[223]

  • Cairns-Whitten-Blauvelt House – 160 Ravine Avenue (added 1983), was constructed c. 1770.[224]
  • Cruse-Hossington House – 301 Newtown Road (added 1983), is a Dutch farmhouse that dates back to 1798.[225]
  • Folly House – 310 Crescent Avenue (added 1983), is a 1+1⁄2-story home constructed sometime before 1860.[226]
  • Masker House – 470 Wyckoff Avenue (added 1983), was constructed in 1780, with an addition built on to the original structure.[227]
  • Reformed Dutch Church of Wyckoff – 580 Wyckoff Avenue (added 2003)
  • John C. Stagg House – 308 Sicomac Avenue (added 1983), was built in the second half of the 18th century on a foundation dating to 1747.[228]
  • Terhune House – 161 Godwin Avenue (added 1983), dates to the 1700s.[229]
  • Van Blarcom - Jardine House – 380 Wyckoff Avenue (added 1983)
  • Van Blarcom House (Wyckoff, New Jersey) – 131 Godwin Avenue (added 1983).[230]
  • Albert Van Blarcom House – 250 Crescent Avenue (added 1983) dates back to the 1700s, with the main portion of the current house constructed around 1830.[231]
  • Van Gelder House – 347 Godwin Avenue (added 1983)
  • Van Horn-Ackerman House – 101 Wyckoff Avenue (added 1983), consists of an original structure dating back to 1750, with successively larger additions tacked on to the house over the years.[232]
  • Van Houten-Ackerman House (Wyckoff, New Jersey) – 480 Sicomac Avenue (added 1983), known by the name "Wellsweep", the original portion of the home dates back to the 1700s.[233]
  • Van Voorhees-Quackenbush House – 421 Franklin Avenue (added 1983). Dating to an original structure built c. 1740, the house is believed to be the oldest in the township and was contributed to the township in 1973 following the death of Grace Quackenbush Zabriskie.[234][235][236]
  • Van Voorhis-Quackenbush House – 625 Wyckoff Avenue (added 1984)

References
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  124. Van Dusen, Matthew. "Ramapo-Indian Hills schools chief to retire.", The Record, October 24, 2007. Accessed March 16, 2020. "Later, parents of Oakland students protested their lack of choice, and students in Wyckoff, Franklin Lakes and Oakland can now attend either school."
  125. Eighth Grade School Choice, Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District. Accessed March 16, 2020. "All eighth grade students from Franklin Lakes, Oakland, and Wyckoff may choose to attend the high school of their choice...."
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  131. Board Members, Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District. Accessed March 16, 2020. "The Board of Education is comprised of nine citizens who are elected by the public in the November general election. Each member serves a three year term. Representatives are elected from each of the constituent districts based on population. Currently, there are four representatives from Wyckoff, three from Oakland and two from Franklin Lakes."
  132. Staff. "Enrollments Tax Schools in Bergen; Auxiliary Rooms Are Being Converted for Classes and Construction Is Pushed", The New York Times, September 4, 1954. Accessed December 24, 2013. "How soon this plant will be ready is problematical, but there is pressure in the fact that Wyckoff and Franklin Lakes students will not be accepted at Ramsey High School after the fall of 1956."
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  146. Schedule Details from Wyckoff, NJ to New York, NY, Short Line. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  147. Hadowanetz, Wasco. National Register of Historic Places Registration: Backwards Tunnel, United States Department of the Interior National Park Service, November 17, 2005. Accessed October 22, 2016.
  148. Kaminski, Edward S. New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad in New Jersey, p. 85. Arcadia Publishing, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7385-7367-0. Accessed October 22, 2016.
  149. Hanley, Robert. "Freight Line To Restore Passengers", The New York Times, June 7, 1992. Accessed October 22, 2016. "N.J. Transit would use the tracks under an agreement with the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway Corporation of Cooperstown, N.Y. The new line would veer from the existing Bergen County Main Line in Hawthorne and run for about 30 miles through Midland Park, Wyckoff, Franklin Lakes and Oakland in western Bergen County; Pompton Lakes, Riverdale, Butler, Bloomingdale, Newfoundland and Oak Ridge in Passaic and Morris County, and then into Stockholm and Beaver Lake, two hamlets in eastern Sussex County, about an hour's ride from Hoboken."
  150. Torrejon, Rodrigo. "Toys For Tots train to stop in Oakland, Wyckoff and Midland Park", Franklin Lakes - Oakland Suburban News, December 3, 2015. Accessed October 22, 2016. "The train will also make stops at Wortendyke station in Midland Park at 11:10 a.m. and Wyckoff at 11:45 a.m."
  151. O'Toole, Mike. "NJ & NY Toys For Tots trains: December 6, 7, 13, 14 2014", United Railroad Historical Society News Blog, October 31, 2014, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 4, 2016. Accessed July 8, 2018. "On Saturday, December 6th, the train will stop in Rochelle Park, Hawthorne, Wortendyke, Wyckoff, Oakland, Pompton Lakes, and Butler along the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway."
  152. Houses of Worship, Wyckoff, New Jersey. Accessed June 30, 2020.
  153. Home Page, Abundant Life Reformed Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  154. Home Page, Advent Lutheran Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  155. Home Page, Bergen Christian Testimony Church . Accessed November 9, 2015.
  156. Our History, Bethany Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  157. Our History, Cedar Hill Christian Reformed Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  158. Home Page, Cornerstone Christian Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  159. Home Page, Faith Community Christian. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  160. Our History, Grace United Methodist Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  161. About Us, St. Barsawmo Syriac Orthodox Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  162. Home Page, St. Elizabeth Roman Catholic Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  163. Parish History, St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  164. Home Page, Temple Beth Rishon. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  165. Home Page, Wyckoff Assembly of God. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  166. Beliefs, Wyckoff Reformed Church. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  167. Schwartz, Paul. "Tom Acker, former Major League pitcher and Bergen County legend, dies at age 90", The Record, January 10, 2021. Accessed January 10. 2021. "Tom Acker's senior baseball season at Fair Lawn High School in 1948 was extraordinary.... Acker returned home to Bergen County, where he worked for a trucking company and built a home in Wyckoff."
  168. Loffredo, Nicholas. "RHS Coach to Rep U.S. at Fencing Championships; Standout student makes his mark on national stage", Wyckoff Patch, July 26, 2010. Accessed November 13, 2017. "Paul Apostol, a Wyckoff resident and fencing coach at Ramapo High School, won the Veterans National Championship in the 60-69 age group earlier this month."
  169. Rohan, Virginia. "Comic Actress Makes a Lot Out of Little Parts", The Record, August 21, 2001. Accessed December 24, 2013. "Nowadays, she lives in Los Angeles, and on TV she calls Hartford home. But on this summer morning, Jillian Armenante is in Wyckoff, her real hometown, sipping a grande coffee at Starbucks."
  170. Obit: Dr. Theodore J. Bauer, Ancestry.com, November 14, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Dr. Theodore J. Bauer, 95, of Wyckoff on May 6, 2005 at home."
  171. Staff. "Theodore J. Bauer", The Washington Post, May 15, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Theodore J. Bauer, 95, a former head of the Centers for Disease Control and assistant surgeon general and an expert on venereal disease, died May 6 of congestive heart failure at his home in Wyckoff, NJ."
  172. Daly, Mike. "Keeping the Critics Jazzed; Marco Benevento, raised in Wyckoff", (201) magazine, July 2008, backed up by the Internet Archive as of September 24, 2010. Accessed October 11, 2019.
  173. Staff. "'Rock' & a Good Place; Wyckoff's Katrina Bowden Gains Rich Experience On NBC's Surging Sitcom", The Record, December 28, 2006. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Katrina Bowden was all set to move from her family's Wyckoff home into a college apartment in New York City when she found out in late August that she'd landed the role of Cerie, the reluctant receptionist on the NBC comedy 30 Rock."
  174. Wassel, Bryan. "Wyckoff native talks up prehistoric adventure", Wyckoff Suburban News, March 16, 2013. Accessed November 13, 2013. "On March 9, Kirk DeMicco returned to where it all began.... The Wyckoff native and former Franklin Lakes resident said his passion for movies was born at a screening of Star Wars in the now-demolished movie theater on Route 4 that the AMC has replaced."
  175. McGinley, Devin. "Wyckoff Native Driving Profits in Hollywood; Wyckoff native Kirk DeMicco's "The Croods" is reportedly responsible for a surge in profits at DreamWorks Animation.", WyckoffPatch, August 1, 2013. Accessed November 13, 2013. "DeMicco, a former Wyckoff resident who attended Sicomac Elementary, Eisenhower Middle School and Ramapo High School, returned to Bergen County in 2012 for a prerelease screening of the film for friends and family."
  176. Hague, Jim. "Former Yankee hero greets Clemente youngsters; Dent conducts clinic in downtown Jersey City" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Hudson Reporter, July 22, 2000. Accessed November 9, 2015. "'Being here in New Jersey means a lot to me, because I used to live here [in Wyckoff, when he was with the Yankees] for six years.'"
  177. Vaccaro, Mike. Emperors and Idiots: The Hundred Year Rivalry Between the Yankees and Red Sox, From the Very Beginning to the End of the Curse, p. 4. Random House, 2007. ISBN 9780307418951. Accessed December 24, 2013. "By 1983, Dent had been traded away to the Texas Rangers, though he still owned a house in Wyckoff, New Jersey, which he rented out during the season. That year, the lease belonged to the man who'd recently been hired as the Yankees' third-base coach, a baseball lifer named Don Zimmer, the same man who'd been the Red Sox manager on October 2, 1978, and whose professional fate was irreversibly sealed with that one swing of Dent's bat."
  178. Assemblyman Christopher P. DePhillips, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 24, 2018. "Public/Party Service: Northwest Bergen County Utilities Authority Commissioner 2012-17; Township of Wyckoff Township Committee 2010-13, Mayor 2012"
  179. Spelling, Ian. "Putting Down Roots: Fox & Friends co-anchor Steve Doocy is right at home in Bergen", (201) magazine, February 1, 2010. Accessed September 20, 2011. "Steve Doocy was born in Iowa, raised in Kansas, works in Manhattan, and lives in Wyckoff with his wife, Kathy, and their three children, Peter, Mary and Sally."
  180. Gertrude Ederle, first woman to swim English Channel; at 98, The Boston Globe, December 1, 2003. "She had spent the last several years living at the Christian Health Care Center in Wyckoff, N.J., about 25 miles (40 km) northwest of New York City."
  181. Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual, 1960, p. 378. Accessed November 13, 2017. "William W. Evans, Jr. (Rep., Wyckoff) William W. Evans, Jr., was born in Paterson, New Jersey, on May 6, 1921..... He is former Mayor of Wyckoff, New Jersey."
  182. "Marcel Gleyre, 85, Olympic gymnast", Daily Record, March 24, 1996. Accessed February 16, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Marcel N. Gleyre died Friday at home after a long illness.... He lived in Wyckoff before moving to Madison 10 years ago. Mr. Gleyre was a member of the U.S. Olympic Gymnastics Team and competed in the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles."
  183. Editorial. "The Record endorses Josh Gottheimer for Congress", The Record, November 2, 2016. Accessed January 3, 2017. "This year, Garrett is facing his most serious challenge in Democrat Josh Gottheimer. The Wyckoff resident was a speechwriter for former President Bill Clinton and then went on to work as an executive at Microsoft."
  184. Wood, Art. Great Cartoonists and Their Art, p. 112. Pelican Publishing Company. ISBN 9781455605293. Accessed November 13, 2017. "Vernon Greene, a former political cartoonist for the Portland Oregonian, had ghosted a number of top King strips-including The Shadow and Polly and Her Pals.... Vernon lived in a farmhouse in Wyckoff, New Jersey."
  185. Gleick, Elizabeth. "Three Kids, One Death", Time, December 2, 1996. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  186. Prunty, Brendan. "Barclays 2013: Wyckoff's Morgan Hoffmann makes stellar PGA Tour debut in front of home crowd", The Star-Ledger, August 22, 2013. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Morgan Hoffmann completed his first round in his home state as a PGA Tour pro in sterling fashion. The Wyckoff native is in a seven-way tie for seventh place, after shooting a 4-under 67."
  187. Idec, keith. "Buffalo Bills give Wyckoff's Chris Hogan a shot", The Record, September 7, 2013. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Chris Hogan slept for about an hour last Friday night.... The Wyckoff resident was out of football for two-plus months, until Buffalo signed him to its practice squad Nov. 6."
  188. Theatre World 1996-1997, p. 238. Accessed November 13, 2017. "Hower, Nancy. Born May 11 in Wyckoff, NJ."
  189. "The Jonas Brothers talk purity rings & their Irish roots" YouTube; May 19, 2009; Accessed July 17, 2010
  190. Reily, Sean Patrick. "The Jonas Brothers: It's full scream ahead" The Los Angeles Times; February 26, 2009
  191. Chebatoris, Jac. "The Boy Band Next Door", Newsweek, January 26, 2008. Accessed December 24, 2013. "The boys are from Wyckoff, N.J., but they now call L.A. home—when they're there, which Joe says means 'four days since last May.'"
  192. Second Cup Café: The Jonas Brothers, CBS News, September 2, 2006. Accessed December 24, 2013. "The brothers from Wyckoff, N.J., visit the Second Cup Café to play songs from their album."
  193. West, Kelly. "Dan Karaty", Television Blend, July 27, 2009. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Dan Karaty, Choreographer – Hometown: Wyckoff, N.J.; Currently Resides In: Los Angeles, Calif."
  194. Staff. "Dan Karaty" Archived August 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Wyckoff Journal. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Wyckoff native Dan Karaty, well known for his work on So You Think You Can Dance, will be appearing in a new reality TV show on Bravo."
  195. Artie Lewicki, Virginia Cavaliers baseball. Accessed September 5, 2017.
  196. Griffith, Janelle. "N.J. record exec stricken with Parkinson's organizes benefit featuring Norah Jones", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, August 22, 2014. Accessed November 13, 2017. "Born in Englewood in 1935, Bruce Lundvall gained an appreciation for jazz music early in life.... Some of these acts — including Reeves, Lovano and Jones — will headline a benefit concert Aug. 24 at Brighton Gardens of Saddle River Sunrise Senior Living Community, where Lundvall now lives. The 78-year-old moved there in April because of issues with Parkinson's disease; his wife, Kay, remains in their Wyckoff home."
  197. "Tor Lundvall: beauty is everything in a hostile world like this.", exh:b:t:on of words and sounds, May 16, 2011. Accessed November 13, 2017. "Tor Lundvall (born 1968) is both a visual artist and ambient composer from Wyckoff, New Jersey."
  198. Rohan, Virginia. "Professional juggler", The Record, November 13, 2005. Accessed December 24, 2013. "'I'm sort of half in one world, half in the other at this point of the day,' says MacCallum, a Wyckoff native who has lived in Ridgewood since her elder son was 2 weeks old."
  199. "Wyckoff native Constantine Maroulis moves beyond 'Idol' fame", The Record, February 13, 2007.
  200. Hernandez, Ernio. "Playbill.Com's Cue & A: Constantine Maroulis", Playbill, October 21, 2008. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Hometown: Born in Park Slope, Brooklyn. Raised in Wyckoff, NJ"
  201. Parisi, Albert J. "Parole-Curb Bill Gaining Support", The New York Times, March 6, 1988. Accessed November 13, 2013. "According to its primary sponsor in the Senate, Henry P. McNamara, Republican of Wyckoff, the legislation is designed to 'make someone think twice before using a gun on someone entrusted with protecting society, its laws and its property.'"
  202. Sunny Mehta bio, Sunnymehta.com. Accessed June 8, 2007.
  203. Dupont, Kevin. "Rangers Waiting For Coach And Draftee", The New York Times, June 17, 1985. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Max Middendorf of Wyckoff, N.J., was Quebec's third-round choice, 57th over all."
  204. Juliano, Joe. "Milanese is happy, all-Ivy or not The top receiver in Penn football history is very satisfied with his college career.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 22, 2002. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Milanese, of Wyckoff, N.J., has played a major role in Penn's domination of the Ivy League this season."
  205. Beckerman, Jim; and Rohan, Virginia. "Our picks for Oscar's top honors", The Record, January 25, 2012. Accessed June 7, 2012. "And what happened to Tilda Swinton, Leonardo DiCaprio and Wyckoff's Ezra Miller (a Best Supporting Actor possibility for We Need to Talk About Kevin)?"
  206. Staff. "John Mooney, Co-inventor of the Catalytic Converter, to Receive Distinguished Alumni Achievement Medal from New Jersey Institute of Technology", New Jersey Institute of Technology press release, September 29, 2004. Accessed November 13, 2013. "We can all breathe a lot easier thanks to John Mooney, of Wyckoff, who was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 2002 for pioneering the automotive catalytic converter."
  207. Cogan, Brian (2008). The Encyclopedia of Punk. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-5960-4.
  208. Wolff, Craig. "Part visionary, part politician: Rutgers' Tim Pernetti could be prototype for the modern AD", The Star-Ledger, January 6, 2013. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Season to season, their backyard on Birchwood Drive in Wyckoff was a football field, or Fenway park."
  209. John Rathbone Ramsey, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 28, 2007.
  210. Petrick, John. "Local Girl Goes Wild!", The Record, August 8, 2005. Accessed June 5, 2007. "'You're going to know who the real Tara Reid is. Not what the newspapers and the press say,' says the Wyckoff native, international movie star, girlfriend to some of the greats and, most recently, victim of a mortifying red carpet wardrobe malfunction."
  211. "Former Wyckoff Mayor, Cooking Champ Kevin Rooney Sworn Into State Assembly Seat". Wyckoff, NJ Patch. December 13, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  212. "Rooney Sworn in as New Assemblyman From N.J.'s 40th District". Observer. December 12, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  213. Jenkins, Lee. "Rutgers Coach Dreamed Where Others Had Night Terrors", The New York Times, November 9, 2006. Accessed July 30, 2018. "Big-time college football is finally being reintroduced to the New York metropolitan area -- or, as Schiano likes to call it, the State of Rutgers. Growing up in Wyckoff, N.J., Schiano did not know that such a place could exist."
  214. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, 1977, p. 255. E. J. Mullin, 1977. Accessed July 18, 2019. "John A. Spizziri, Rep., Franklin Lakes - Assemblyman Spizziri was born in Paterson Sept. 2, 1934. He was first elected to the Wyckoff Township Committee in 1966, and served as road commissioner."
  215. Leith, Rod. "New scrutiny of casinos; Support services to get hard look", The Record, April 1, 1982. Accessed August 30, 2022. "Sturges commutes each workday from his home in Wyckoff, rising before 6 a.m. and making a point to be home before his 5-year-old daughter and 2 1/2-year-old son are asleep."
  216. Melissa Sweet, Mazza Museum. Accessed March 21, 2020. " Melissa Sweet was born in 1956 in Wyckoff, New Jersey."
  217. "He's Nickelodeon's Kind Of Kid -- But Wyckoff Teen Takes His Stardom In Stride" The Record, April 4, 1998.
  218. Vega, Michael. "All The Wooing Resulted In Woe For Rutgers, Toal Is One Who Got Away", The Boston Globe, November 7, 2004. Accessed December 24, 2013. "Rutgers officials gave Toal the red-carpet treatment, squiring him to a men's basketball game against Notre Dame last Jan. 31 at the Louis Brown Athletic Center, where the capacity crowd, many attired in No. 1 Rutgers jerseys with Toal's name on the back, serenaded the blue-chip recruit from Wyckoff, N.J., with choruses of 'We want Toal! We want Toal! We want Toal!'"
  219. Alfred Bernard Vandeweghe obituary. dignitymemorial.com. Accessed March 24, 2014.
  220. Rohan, Virginia. "British voice of American business", The Record, May 12, 2010. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Now, here he is all these years later, with his own show, Varney & Company on Fox Business Network, and a lovely house in Franklin Lakes, where he has lived for the past 16 years. Before that, he lived for 13 years in Wyckoff."
  221. Wood, Patrick. "George Verwer and the birth of OM", Operation Mobilisation, October 30, 2016. Accessed October 19, 2017. "In Wyckoff, New Jersey, in 1953 George was 14 years old, high-spirited, and showing promise as a natural-born leader at Ramsey High School when Mrs. Clapp’s son first gave him a copy of John’s Gospel."
  222. Spelling, Ian. "On the News: CBS 2’s Chris Wragge", The Record, July 30, 2018. Accessed July 30, 2018. "The world can change in 10 years. Chris Wragge can vouch for that.... And, the Mahwah native, after years in Manhattan, recently settled in Wyckoff with his wife, Sarah, and son, Christian."
  223. New Jersey New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places listings for Bergen County, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Historic Preservation Office, updated August 17, 2017. Accessed September 5, 2017.
  224. Cairns-Whiten-Blauvelt-Dambach House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  225. Cruse-Hossington House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  226. Folley-Bush House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  227. Masker House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  228. John C. Stagg House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  229. Terhune House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  230. Van Blarcom-Jardine House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  231. Albert Van Blarcom House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  232. Van Horn-Ackerman House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  233. Van Houten-Ackerman House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  234. Van Voorhees-Quackenbush-Zabriskie House, Wyckoff Historical Society. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  235. Zabriskie House, Township of Wyckoff. Accessed November 13, 2013.
  236. About, Van Voorhees - Quackenbush - Zabriskie House. Accessed November 9, 2015.

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