Yan (An–Shi)
Yan (Chinese: 燕; pinyin: Yān), also known as the Great Yan (Chinese: 大燕; pinyin: Dà Yān), was a dynastic state of China established in 756 by the former Tang general An Lushan, after he rebelled against Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in 755. The state collapsed in 763 with the death of An Lushan's former subordinate Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming), who was the last person to claim the title as emperor of Yan.
Yan 燕 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 756–763 | |||||||||
 Map showing the An Lushan Rebellion | |||||||||
| Capital | Luoyang (756–757) Yecheng (757–759) Fanyang (759) Luoyang (759–762) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Chinese | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 756–757 | An Lushan, 1st | ||||||||
• 757–759 | An Qingxu, 2nd | ||||||||
• 759–761 | Shi Siming, 3rd | ||||||||
• 761–763 | Shi Chaoyi, 4th | ||||||||
| Historical era | An Lushan Rebellion | ||||||||
• An Lushan's self-declaration as emperor | February 5 756 | ||||||||
• Shi Chaoyi's suicide | 763 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese coin, Chinese cash | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||
Rulers of Yan
| Personal name | Reign[1] | Succession | Life details[2] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Lushan | 安 祿 山 |
5 February 756 – 29 January 757 (11 months and 24 days)[3]
|
Jiedushi under Xuanzong, rebelled on 16 December 755. Proclaimed emperor in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Captured Chang'an, the western capital, on July 756 | 10 February 703 – 29 January 757 (aged 54)[4] Likely of Göktürks origins, his rebellion lead one of the bloodiest wars in human history. He was murdered by his son[5] |
| An Qingxu | 安 慶 緒 |
30 January 757 – 10 April 759 (2 years, 2 months and 11 days)[3]
|
Son of An Lushan | Murdered by rebels[6][4] |
| Shi Siming | 史 思 明 |
9 May 759 – 18 April 761 (1 year, 11 months and 9 days)[3]
|
Lieutenant under An Lushan | 703–761 (aged 58) Murdered by his son[7][4] |
| Shi Chaoyi | 史 朝 義 |
April 761 – February 763 (1 year and 10 months)
|
Son of Shi Siming | Committed suicide after losing Luoyang to Li Huaixian[8][4] |
References
- Moule 1957.
- Moule 1957, pp. 54–62 (birth and death dates).
- des Rotours 1962, pp. xxv–xxvii
- Levy 1960, pp. 75–95ff
- Twitchett 1979, pp. 452–484, 561–571; Xiong 2009, p. 40.
- Xiong 2009, p. 40.
- Xiong 2009, p. 451.
- Xiong 2009, pp. 448–449.
Sources
- Liu Xu (劉昫) (1960) [945]. Biography of An Lu-shan. Old Book of Tang. Translated by Howard S. Levy.
- Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.
- Yao Ju-n̂eng (姚汝能) (1962) [8th century]. Histoire de Ngan Lou-chan. Translated by Robert des Rotours [in French].
- Twitchett, Denis; Fairbank, John K., eds. (1979). The Cambridge History of China 3: Sui and T'ang China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21446-9.
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009). Historical Dictionary of Medieval China. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6053-7.
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