Zarafshon

Zarafshon (Uzbek: Zarafshon / Зарафшон, Persian: زرافشان) is a city in the center of Uzbekistan's Navoiy Region. Administratively, it is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muruntau.[2] It has an area of 20 km² (7.7 sq mi)[3] and it has 85,100 inhabitants (2021).[1] Located in the Kyzylkum desert, it receives water from the Amudarya by a 220-km pipeline.

Zarafshon Zarafshon / Зарафшон
Zarafshan
Zarafshon Location in Uzbekistan
Coordinates: 41°36′29″N 64°13′35″E
Country	Uzbekistan
Region	Navoiy Region
Area
• Total	20 km2 (8 sq mi)
Elevation	400 m (1,300 ft)
Population  (2021)[1]
• Total	85,100
• Density	4,300/km2 (11,000/sq mi)

Zarafshon is called "the gold capital of Uzbekistan". It is home of the Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat's Central Mining Administration, charged with mining and processing gold from the nearby Muruntau open-pit mine. Between 1995 and 2006 the Muruntau gold mining and processing operation was run by the Zarafshan-Newmont Joint Venture, a foreign direct investment by Newmont Mining Corporation of Denver, Colorado (at the time the largest U.S. investor in Uzbekistan - it was also the first major Western investment in the region since the breakup of the Soviet Union). Uzbekistan expropriated the company's assets in 2006 and by 2007 had taken full ownership of the mine.

Zarafshan Airport (IATA: AFS) is served by Uzbekistan Airlines with direct daily flights to and from Tashkent.