Open-source hardware comprises computers and computer components with an open design. They are designed as open-source hardware using open-source principles.

Partially open-source hardware

Hardware that uses closed source components

Computers

Single-board computers

  • Tinkerforge RED Brick, executes user programs and controls other Bricks/Bricklets standalone
ARM
  • Banana Pi, uses low-power processors with an ARM core; runs Linux, Android, and OpenWRT
  • BeagleBoard, uses low-power Texas Instruments processors with an ARM Cortex-A8 core; runs Ångström distribution (Linux)
  • IGEPv2, an ARM OMAP 3-based board designed and manufactured by ISEE in Spain. Its expansion boards are also open-source.
  • OLinuXino, designed with KiCad by OLIMEX Ltd in Bulgaria[1]
  • PandaBoard, a variation of the BeagleBoard
  • Rascal, an ARM based Linux board that works with Arduino shields, with a web server that includes an editor for users to program it in Python. Hardware design files released under the Creative Commons BY-SA license.
  • 96Boards (includes but not limited to, DragonBoard 410c, HiKey, HiKey960, Bubblegum-96 and more...)
  • Parallella single-board computer with a manycore coprocessor and field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
ATMega
  • Arduino – open-source microcontroller board
Motorola 68000 series
  • Minimig – a re-implementation of an Amiga 500 using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
National Semiconductor NS320xx series
  • PC532, a personal computer design released in 1990, based on the NS32532 microprocessor
RISC-V
  • HiFive1 is an Arduino-compatible development kit featuring the Freedom E310, the industry's first commercially available RISC-V SoC[2]
  • HiFive Unleashed is a Linux development platform for SiFive’s Freedom U540 SoC, the world’s first 4+1 64-bit multi-core Linux-capable RISC-V SoC."[3]
  • HiFive Unmatched is a mini-ITX motherboard that features "a SiFive FU740 processor coupled with 8 GB DDR4 memory and 32 MB SPI Flash. It comes with a 4x USB 3.2 ports and a 16x PCIe expansion slot."[4]

Notebook computers

  • Novena, a notebook computer that uses a 1.2 GHz quad-core Freescale processor closely coupled with a Xilinx FPGA[5][6][7][8]
  • VIA OpenBook, a netbook case design released by VIA Technologies

Handhelds, palmtops, and smartphones

  • Ben NanoNote, a palmtop PC based on the MIPS architecture
  • Openmoko, a smartphone containing a single-board computer equipped with a GSM/UMTS modem
  • Simputer, a handheld computer released in 2002

Fully open-source hardware

Hardware that has no closed source dependencies

Microcontrollers

  • Freeduino – an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the open source Processing / Wiring language. Also clones of this platform including Freeduino.
  • Tinkerforge – a platform comprising stackable microcontrollers for interfacing with sensors and other I/O devices.

Components

  • Ethernut, embedded Ethernet adapters
  • IOIO, a board that allows Android applications to interface with external electronics
  • PLAICE, a device that combines a flash memory programmer, in-circuit emulation, and a multichannel logic analyzer. It runs uClinux.
  • Tinkerforge, a platform comprising stackable microcontrollers for interfacing with sensors and other I/O devices
  • Twibrigh RONJA, a 10 Mbit/s full duplex FSO wireless optical network adapter from 2001[9]

CPUs

  • Amber is an ARM-compatible 32-bit RISC processor. Amber implements the ARMv2 instruction set.
  • LEON, a 32-bit, SPARC-like CPU created by the European Space Agency
  • OpenPOWER, based on IBM's POWER8 and newer multicore processor designs
  • OpenSPARC, a series of open-source microprocessors based on the UltraSPARC T1 and UltraSPARC T2 multicore processor designs
  • Parallax P8X32A Propeller is a multicore microcontroller with an emphasis on general-purpose use
  • ZPU, a small, portable CPU core with a GCC toolchain. It is designed to be compiled targeting FPGA[10]
  • Zet (hardware), x86 implementation on programmable logic
  • OpenRISC 1200, an implementation of the open source OpenRISC 1000 RISC architecture

Instruction sets

  • J-Core, an implementation of the SuperH with some extensions[11][12]
  • MIPS
  • Power, which originated from IBM's POWER ISA
  • RISC-V, a RISC ISA that originated in 2010 at the University of California, Berkeley
  • SPARC

Organisations

  • Bug Labs, a US technology company that began by developing and selling open-source hardware peripherals for rapid prototyping of electronics
  • LowRISC, a not-for-profit organization that aims to develop open hardware
  • M-Labs, developers of the Milkymist system on a chip
  • Open Compute Project, an organization for sharing designs of data center products among companies
  • Open Graphics Project, a project that aims to design a standard open architecture for graphics cards
  • OpenCores, a loose community of designers that supports open-source cores (logic designs) for CPUs, peripherals and other devices. OpenCores maintains an open-source on-chip interconnection bus specification called Wishbone
  • OpenRISC is a group of developers working to produce a very-high-performance open-source RISC CPU.

See also

  • Open-source hardware
  • List of open-source hardware projects
  • Open-source robotics
  • Modular smartphone
  • Open Source Ecology
  • Telecom Infra Project

References

  1. ↑ Katherine Noyes. "Tiny $57 PC is like the Raspberry Pi, but faster and fully open". PCWorld. 2012.
  2. ↑ "HiFive1: Open Source, Arduino-Compatible RISC-V Dev Kit". Crowd Supply. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  3. ↑ "SiFive HiFive Unleashed Getting Started Guide" (PDF). SiFive. SiFive, Inc. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  4. ↑ "SiFive launches HiFive Unmatched mini-ITX motherboard for RISC-V PC's". cnx-software. cnx-software. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  5. ↑ "Novena". Crowd Supply.
  6. ↑ "The Almost Completely Open Source Laptop Goes on Sale". Wired. 2 April 2014.
  7. ↑ "Novena Helps Hackers Build Their Own Laptop".
  8. ↑ Holbrook, Stett (April 2, 2014). "The World's First Open Source Laptop Makes Its Debut". Make. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  9. ↑ "Twibright Labs - Ronja".
  10. ↑ "ZPU - the worlds [sic] smallest 32 bit CPU with GCC toolchain :: Overview". OpenCores.
  11. ↑ "J-Core Open Processor". Retrieved Jun 19, 2016.
  12. ↑ j-core Design Walkthrough (PDF). Embedded Linux Conference. San Diego. 6 April 2016. Retrieved Jun 19, 2016.
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