European Capital of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city chosen by the European Union for a period of one calendar year. The city is given a chance to show its cultural life and cultural development. Most of the cities are very popular and are known internationally (by people around the world).
List of by year
Past years
| Year | Cities | Image | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 |  Athens |  | |
| 1986 |  Florence |  | |
| 1987 |  Amsterdam |  | |
| 1988 |  West Berlin |  | |
| 1989 |  Paris Lyon |  | |
| 1990 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Glasgow |  | |
| 1991 |  Dublin |  | |
| 1992 |  Madrid | _12.jpg.webp) | |
| 1993 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Antwerp |  | |
| 1994 |  Lisbon |  | |
| 1995 |  Luxembourg |  | |
| 1996 |  Copenhagen |  | |
| 1997 | Thessaloniki |  | |
| 1998 |  Stockholm | .jpg.webp) | |
| 1999 | Weimar |  | |
| 2000 | Avignon Bergen Bologna Brussels Helsinki Krakow Prague Reykjavík Zaragoza |  | |
| 2001 | Porto Rotterdam |  | |
| 2002 | Bruges Salamanca |  | |
| 2003 |  Graz |  | |
| 2004 | Genoa Lille |  | |
| 2005 | Cork, Limerick |  | |
| 2006 | Patras |  | |
| 2007 |  Sibiu LuxembourgGreater Region |  | Sibiu 2007 |
| 2008 | Liverpool Stavanger Sandnes |  | Liverpool 2008 Archived 2007-04-05 at the Wayback Machine Stavanger 2008 |
| 2009 | Linz Vilnius |  | Vilnius 2009 Linz 2009 |
| 2010 | Essen Sarajevo  Pécs | .jpg.webp) | Essen 2010 Pecs 2010 Archived 2018-10-01 at the Wayback Machine |
| 2011 | Turku Tallinn |  | Turku 2011 Tallinn 2011 |
| 2012 | Guimarães Maribor |  | Guimarães 2012 Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Maribor 2012 |
Future years
According to the official EU website.[1] From 2014 to 2020, these are only the countries have been chosen, based on the rotation system.
| Year | City | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Marseille Košice | Marseille Provence 2013 Archived 2010-08-26 at the Wayback Machine Košice 2013 Archived 2008-02-16 at the Wayback Machine |
| 2014 | Sweden Latvia | |
| 2015 | Belgium Czech Republic | |
| 2016 | Spain Poland | |
| 2017 | Denmark Cyprus | |
| 2018 | Netherlands Malta | |
| 2019 | Italy Bulgaria | |
| 2020 |  Rijeka Ireland |
References
- "Official EU website". Archived from the original on 2006-10-19. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- García, B. (2005) “De-constructing the City of Culture: The long term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990” in: Review Issue of Urban Studies (vol 42, n5/6) (pp. 1–28)
- García, B. (2004) “Cultural Policy in European Cities: Lessons from Experience, Prospects for the Future” in: Special edition on Cultural Policy and Regeneration, Local Economy (vol 19, n4) (pp. 312–326)
- García, B. (2004) “Urban Regeneration, Arts Programming and Major events: Glasgow 1990, Sydney 2000 and Barcelona 2004” in: Gibson, L. & Stevenson, D. (Eds) Special Issue of the International Journal of Cultural Policy: Urban Space and the Uses of Culture (vol 10, n 1) (pp. 103–118)
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