Khalid ibn al-Walid
Khalid ibn al-Walid (Arabic: خالد ابن الوليد; died 642), also known as Sayf Allah ('Sword of God'), was a Rashidun military general who led the Muslim conquests of Syria the 7th Century.[1]
| Khalid ibn al-Walid خالد ابن الوليد | |
|---|---|
| Born | Medina |
| Died | 642 Medina or Homs |
| Possible burial place | The Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, Homs, Syria |
| Allegiance | Quraysh (625–627 or 629) Muhammad (627 or 629–632) Rashidun Caliphate (632–638) |
| Service/branch | Rashidun army |
| Years of service | 629–638 |
| Commands held |
|
| Battles/wars |
|
He is famous for his military success, as he commanded the forces of Muhammad and of his immediate successors Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab.[1] He was undefeated in over a hundred battles[2] against the numerically superior forces of the Byzantine Roman Empire, Sassanid Persian Empire, and their allies. Therefore he is regarded as one of the finest military commanders in history. His greatest strategic achievements were his quick conquest of the Persian Empire and conquest of Roman Syria within three years from 633 to 636. His greatest tactical achievements were his successful double envelopment maneuver at Walaja and his victories at Ullais and Yarmouk.
Life
Khalid ibn Walid was from the Meccan tribe of Quraysh, who opposed Muhammad, and he played a vital role in their victory at the Battle of Uhud. He converted, however, and joined Muhammad after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and commanded various expeditions for him. After Muhammad's death, he played a key role in commanding Medinan forces for Abu Bakr in the Ridda wars, the capture of the Sassanid Arab client Kingdom of Al-Hirah, and the defeat of the Sassanid Persian forces during his conquest of the Persian Empire.
Youth and approximately 590 root Khalid bin Walid was born in the year. His mother and father is Lübabe family Velid'dir sad. Family (tribe sad) specializing in military matters and is a privileged tribe of Quraysh. As a youth, spears, bows and swords were learning to use and cavalry. Personal weapon of choice was the sword.
Before the early years of Islam Khalid bin Walid, corresponding to a soldier in his youth was notorious in pure Quraysh. He did not participate in the Battle of Badr but he participated in the Battle of Uhud. Khalid fought against Muslims for the first time. Muslims in this battle orders to the rear of the cavalry deployed in a way that can sag. However, the path of Muhammad (SAW) this horse and fifty archers for defense has hired. The beginning of the war on Muslims to come up with their position archers, Khalid bin Walid opportunity to evaluate and Muslim armies from the rear with the cavalry in order has stuck. Khalid ibn al-Walid with this movement changed the course of the war and has defeated the Muslims. This is the last time after the war against Muslims fought in the Battle of Trench. After agreement with previously Hudaybiyyah Muslim brother, Walid joined the ranks via
References
- "Khalid ibn al-Walid." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Oct. 2006
- Ibn Kathir (1301-1373). Tafsir ibn Kathir.
Bibliography
- A.I. Akram, The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Rawalpindi: Nat. Publishing House (1970) ISBN 0-7101-0104-X.
- Lecker, Michael (1989). "The Estates of 'Amr b. al-'Āṣ in Palestine: Notes on a New Negev Arabic Inscription". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 52 (1): 24–37. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00023041. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 617911. S2CID 163092638.
- Sirriya, Elizabeth (1979). "Ziyārāt of Syria in a riḥla of 'Abd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī (1050/1641–1143/1731)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 111 (2): 109–122. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00135543. ISSN 2051-2066. S2CID 163434595.
- Zein, Ibrahim; El-Wakil, Ahmed (2020-09-01). "Khālid b. al-Wālid's Treaty with the People of Damascus: Identifying the Source Document through Shared and Competing Historical Memories". Journal of Islamic Studies. 31 (3): 295–328. doi:10.1093/jis/etaa029. ISSN 0955-2340.
- Lynch, Ryan LynchRyan (2018-03-22). Khalid b. al-Walid. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.
- Shoufani, Elias; Shufani, Ilyas; Shūfānī, Ilyās; Publishing, Arab Institute for Research and (1973). Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-1915-8.
