Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is made from ilmenite, rutile, and anatase. It has a lot of uses, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. 9 million tonnes of it were made in the world in 2014.[3][4] It is used in around two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have a total value of around $13.2 billion.[5]
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide Titanium(IV) oxide | |
| Other names
Titania Rutile Anatase Brookite | |
| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.327 |
| E number | E171 (colours) |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| TiO 2 | |
| Molar mass | 79.866 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density |
|
| Melting point | 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K) |
| Boiling point | 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Band gap | 3.05 eV (rutile)[1] |
| +5.9·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
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| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−945 kJ·mol−1[2] |
| Standard molar entropy S |
50 J·mol−1·K−1[2] |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Not listed |
| NFPA 704 |
0
1
0
|
| Flash point | not flammable |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 15 mg/m3 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other cations | Zirconium dioxide Hafnium dioxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is  ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
References
- Nowotny, Janusz (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781439848395.
- Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
- "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.
- Schonbrun, Zach. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
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