40
Year 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium | 
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 1st century BC – 1st century – 2nd century | 
| Decades: | 10s 20s 30s – 40s – 50s 60s 70s | 
| Years: | 37 38 39 – 40 – 41 42 43 | 
| Gregorian calendar | AD 40 XL  | 
| Ab urbe condita | 793 | 
| Assyrian calendar | 4790 | 
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A | 
| Bengali calendar | −553 | 
| Berber calendar | 990 | 
| Buddhist calendar | 584 | 
| Burmese calendar | −598 | 
| Byzantine calendar | 5548–5549 | 
| Chinese calendar | 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 2736 or 2676 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 2737 or 2677  | 
| Coptic calendar | −244 – −243 | 
| Discordian calendar | 1206 | 
| Ethiopian calendar | 32–33 | 
| Hebrew calendar | 3800–3801 | 
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 96–97 | 
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A | 
| - Kali Yuga | 3140–3141 | 
| Holocene calendar | 10040 | 
| Iranian calendar | 582 BP – 581 BP | 
| Islamic calendar | 600 BH – 599 BH | 
| Javanese calendar | N/A | 
| Julian calendar | AD 40 XL  | 
| Korean calendar | 2373 | 
| Minguo calendar | 1872 before ROC 民前1872年  | 
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1428 | 
| Seleucid era | 351/352 AG | 
| Thai solar calendar | 582–583 | 
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 166 or −215 or −987 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 167 or −214 or −986  | 
Events
    
    Roman Empire
    
- The emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.
 - Caligula starts a campaign to conquer Britain. It fails miserably. He names himself the winner.
 - Noricum and Mauretania are added into the Roman Empire.
 - Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. According to legend, this is when he appointed his horse, Incitatus, a senator.
 - Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.
 - Philo teaches that all men are born free.
 - An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).
 
Asia
    
- Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia. He was opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.
 - The Vietnamese Trung sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guangwu of Han.
 
Africa
    
- Christianity comes to Egypt. Mark the Evangelist founds the Coptic Orthodox Church as the first pope.
 
Births
    
- July 13 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain (d. 93 AD)
 - Pedanius Dioscorides, Greek physician (approximate date) (d. 90 AD)
 - Frontinus, Roman general and military author (approximate date) (d. 103)
 - Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (approximate date d. c. 120)
 - Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina (d. 62)
 - Empress Ma of the Han Dynasty (d. 79)
 
Deaths
    
- January – Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the younger, brother-in-law of Caligula (b. 17 BC)
 - Ptolemy of Mauretania (b. 1 BC)
 
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