Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound composed of ammonium and chloride ions. It is a colorless crystalline compound. It is used in soldering. It is also used as an electrolyte in the Leclanche cell, a type of primary cell. Ammonium chloride can be deprotonated by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide to produce ammonia gas.It is sublime compound.
| Names | ||
|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Ammonium chloride | ||
| Other names
Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Salt armoniack, Salmiak | ||
| Identifiers | ||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | ||
| ChemSpider | ||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.976 | |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | ||
| UN number | 3077 | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | ||
| ClH4N | ||
| Molar mass | 53.49 g·mol−1 | |
| Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic | |
| Odor | Odorless | |
| Density | 1.519 g/cm3[1] | |
| Melting point | 338 °C (640 °F; 611 K) decomposes, sublimes[1] | |
| Boiling point | 520 °C (968 °F; 793 K) | |
| Sublimes at 337.6 °C[2] ΔsublH | ||
| 244 g/L (−15 °C) 294 g/L (0 °C) 383.0 g/L (25 °C) 454.4 g/L (40 °C) 740.8 g/L (100 °C)[3] | ||
Solubility product (Ksp) |
30.9 (395 g/L)[4] | |
| Solubility | Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, Slightly soluble in acetone Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate[2] | |
| Solubility in methanol | 32 g/kg (17 °C) 33.5 g/kg (19 °C) 35.4 g/kg (25 °C)[2] | |
| Solubility in ethanol | 6 g/L (19 °C)[5] | |
| Solubility in glycerol | 97 g/kg[2] | |
| Solubility in sulfur dioxide | 0.09 g/kg (0 °C) 0.031 g/kg (25 °C)[2] | |
| Solubility in acetic acid | 0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)[2] | |
| Vapor pressure | 133.3 Pa (160.4 °C) 6.5 kPa (250 °C) 33.5 kPa (300 °C)[5] | |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.24 | |
| -36.7·10−6 cm3/mol[6] | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.642 (20 °C)[2] | |
| Structure | ||
| CsCl, cP2[7] | ||
Space group |
Pm3m, No. 221 | |
Lattice constant |
a = 0.3876 nm
| |
Formula units (Z) |
1 | |
| Thermochemistry | ||
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−314.43 kJ/mol[5] | |
| Standard molar entropy S |
94.56 J/mol·K[5] | |
| Specific heat capacity, C | 84.1 J/mol·K[5] | |
| Pharmacology | ||
ATC code |
B05XA04 (WHO) G04BA01 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | ||
| NFPA 704 |
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| Flash point | Non-flammable | |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
none[8] | |
| Related compounds | ||
| Other anions | Ammonium fluoride Ammonium bromide Ammonium iodide | |
| Other cations | Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Hydroxylammonium chloride | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | ||
 verify (what is  ?) | ||
| Infobox references | ||
Related pages
References
- Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1439855110.
- ammonium chloride. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.
- Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion. - "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
- Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1439855110.
- Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH4Cl1−xBrx (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu2+(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
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