Calendar

A calendar is a tool for organizing days. People use calendars to say when something happened, and for planning things that have not happened yet. The calendar gives the days names and numbers, called calendar dates. The dates are usually made based on how things in the sky seem to move. The year and month are based on motions of the Sun and moon. By knowing what day something happened or will happen, people have an easier life. Since the beginning of history, knowing when the seasons would start for crops was very important for farmers.

2023 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar2023
MMXXIII
Ab urbe condita2776
Armenian calendar1472
ԹՎ ՌՆՀԲ
Assyrian calendar6773
Bahá'í calendar179–180
Balinese saka calendar1944–1945
Bengali calendar1430
Berber calendar2973
British Regnal year71 Eliz. 2 – 72 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2567
Burmese calendar1385
Byzantine calendar7531–7532
Chinese calendar壬寅年 (Water Tiger)
4719 or 4659
    — to —
癸卯年 (Water Rabbit)
4720 or 4660
Coptic calendar1739–1740
Discordian calendar3189
Ethiopian calendar2015–2016
Hebrew calendar5783–5784
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2079–2080
 - Shaka Samvat1944–1945
 - Kali Yuga5123–5124
Holocene calendar12023
Igbo calendar1023–1024
Iranian calendar1401–1402
Islamic calendar1444–1445
Japanese calendarReiwa 5
(令和５年)
Javanese calendar1956–1957
Juche calendar112
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4356
Minguo calendarROC 112
民國112年
Nanakshahi calendar555
Thai solar calendar2566
Tibetan calendar阳水虎年
(male Water-Tiger)
2149 or 1768 or 996
    — to —
阴水兔年
(female Water-Rabbit)
2150 or 1769 or 997
Unix time1672531200 – 1704067199

Calendar systems have a beginning time or era. The calendar era is often a religion-based event, such as the birth of Jesus, but it may be a political event such as a coronation or the founding of a state. Dates that are counted from the coronation are called "regnal".

The three principal calendars most used today are the Gregorian, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars. Other calendar systems from many different parts of the world are also used.

Basis

Calendars are based on three natural things:

  1. The Earth turns all the way around its axis.
  2. The Moon goes all the way around the Earth.
  3. The Earth goes all the way around the Sun.

The Earth turns all the way around its axis about 24 hours. It is called the Solar Day. Days of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar Day.

The Moon turns all the way around the Earth about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds. Months of some calendars are still strongly based on the Moon. These are called Lunar calendars, which lasts about 354-355 days. Solar calendars ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun.

The Earth goes all the way around the Sun in about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. This is called the Solar year. Years of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar year.

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