Dyspnea
Dyspnea or dyspnoea (said disp-nee-ah) is shortness of breath. Some research says that about 27% of people suffer it.
Causes
There are many different causes of dyspnea. Some include:
Pulmonary disorders
- Obstructive lung diseases
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Emphysema
- Laryngeal edema due to allergies
- Hookworm disease
- Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura
- Contagious
- Anthrax through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
- Pneumonia
- Non-contagious
- Fibrosing alveolitis
- Atelectasis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Interstitial lung disease
- Lung cancer
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumoconiosis
- Pneumothorax
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Contagious
- Pulmonary vascular diseases
- Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
- Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- Superior vena cava syndrome
Other causes of diminished breathing
- Obstruction of the airway
- Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
- Empty nose syndrome
- Pulmonary aspiration
- Epiglottitis
- Vocal cord dysfunction
- Immobilization of the diaphragm
- Lesion of the phrenic nerve
- Polycystic liver disease
- Tumor in the diaphragm
- Restriction of the chest volume
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Broken ribs
- Kyphosis of the spine
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Pectus excavatum
- Scoliosis
- Disorders of the cardiovascular system
- Aortic dissection
- Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital heart disease
- CREST syndrome
- Heart failure
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Malignant hypertension
- Pericardium disorders, including:
- Cardiac tamponade
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Pericardial effusion
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary embolism
- Valvular heart disease
- Disorders of the blood and metabolism
- Anemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Metabolic acidosis
- Sepsis
- Leukemia
- Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Multiple sclerosis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Parsonage Turner syndrome
- Eaton-Lambert syndrome
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Psychological conditions
- Medications
- Other
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