Louis, Grand Dauphin
Louis of France, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661 – 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France and his wife, Marie Therese of Austria. He was called the "Grand Dauphin" (which is "Le Grand Dauphin" in French) because his great-grandson who was the son of Louis XV and the father of Louis XVI, Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765).
| Louis, Grand Dauphin | |
|---|---|
| Dauphin of France | |
%252C_dit_le_Grand_Dauphin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg.webp) Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1697 | |
| Dauphin of France | |
| Tenure | 1 November 1661 — 14 April 1711 |
| Born | 1 November 1661 Château de Fontainebleau, France |
| Died | 14 April 1711 (aged 49) Château de Meudon, France |
| Burial | 28 April 1711 Royal Basilica, Saint Denis, France |
| Spouse | |
| Issue Detail | |
| House | Bourbon |
| Father | Louis XIV of France |
| Mother | Marie Therese of Austria |
| Signature |  |
He had two wives. The first one was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, they both got married in 1680 and had 3 children together. The second was Marie Émilie de Joly from their marriage in 1695 until Louis's death in 1711. They had no children together.
He never became king as he died before his father did therefore, the heir became his eldest child who is Louis, Duke of Burgundy. However, the Duke of Burgundy died a year later so the heir became the Duke of Burgundy's son, Louis XV.
Issue
- Louis of France, Duke of Burgundy (16 August 1682 - 18 February 1712), Duke of Burgundy and later Dauphin of France; married second cousin Maria Adelaide of Savoy and had the future Louis XV of France;
- Philippe of France (19 December 1683 - 9 July 1746), Duke of Anjou, (later King of Spain); became King of Spain in 1700; married second cousin Maria Luisa of Savoy and had issue; married again Elisabeth Farnese and had issue such as the future Dauphine of France, Infanta Maria Theresa;
- Charles of France (31 July 1686 – 5 May 1714), Duke of Berry, Alençon and of Angoulême Count of Ponthieu; married his first cousin Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans and had issue but none survived over a year;
Thus, through Burgundy and Anjou, Louis ensured the continuation of the senior Bourbon line on the throne of France and the establishment of the cadet Spanish Bourbon dynasty respectively.
References
Further reading
- Lahaye, Matthieu, Louis, Dauphin de France. Fils de roi, père de roi, jamais roi, DEA directed by Joël Cornette, University of Paris VIII, 2005.
- Lahaye, Matthieu, Louis Ier d'Espagne (1661-1700) : essai sur une virtualité politique, Revue historique, Numéro 647, PUF, Paris, Novembre 2008.