Mu'awiya I

Full name
	Muˁāwīya ibn ˁAbī Sufyān

Mu'awiya I
Mu'awiya I
Reign	661 – 680
Predecessor	unknown
Successor	Yazid I
Born	597-605 ; Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Died	April or May 680 (aged 74-83) ; Damascus, Umayyad Caliphate
Full name
Full name
	Muˁāwīya ibn ˁAbī Sufyān
Dynasty	Umayyad
Father	Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
Mother	Hind bint Utbah

Mu'awiya I was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. Previously, he served as the governor of Syria under the caliph Umar (r. 634–644) and then his cousin and caliph Uthman (r. 644–656). After Uthman was murdered, Mu'awiya demanded Uthman's killers to be punished, but Ali (r. 656–661) refused.[1] Mu'awiya subsequently went to war with Ali for a few years. Ali was killed by the Khawarij in January 661 and Hasan was elected caliph. Hasan gave the caliphate to Mu'awiya and both made peace. During Mu'awiya's reign, the Arab empire conquered much of North Africa, as well as Khurasan and Sijistan. Constantinople, the capital of the Roman Byzantine empire, was also besieged. During the last years of his caliphate, Mu'awiya declared his son Yazid to be his successor; a move which was opposed by several Muslim leaders, including Husayn ibn Ali.

References

Press, Oxford University (2010). Caliph and Caliphate Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-980382-8. Retrieved 2017-03-19.

Bibliography

Shahin, Aram A. (2012). "In Defense of Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān: Treatises and Monographs on Muʿāwiya from the Eighth to the Nineteenth Centuries". In Cobb, Paul M. (ed.). The Lineaments of Islam: Studies in Honor of Fred McGraw Donner. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 177–208. doi:10.1163/9789004231948_010. ISBN 978-90-04-21885-7.

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[1] Press, Oxford University (2010). Caliph and Caliphate Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-980382-8. Retrieved 2017-03-19.