15th century in literature

This article is a list of the literary events and publications in the 15th century.

List of years in literature (table)
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Events
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Page of the Gutenberg Bible
First incunable with printed illustrations, Ulrich Boner's Der Edelstein printed by Albrecht Pfister at Bamberg in 1461
  • 1462: 10 September – Robert Henryson enrols as a teacher in the recently founded University of Glasgow in Scotland.[9]
  • 1462: 8 November – First known sentence written in Albanian, a Formula e pagëzimit (baptismal formula) by Archbishop Pal Engjëlli.
  • 1463: 5 January – François Villon is reprieved from hanging in Paris but never heard of again.
  • 1465 – Having established the Subiaco Press at Subiaco in the Papal States in 1464, German printers Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim produce an edition of Donatus (lost), a Cicero, De Oratore (September 1465) and Lactantius' De divinis institutionibus (October 1465), followed by Augustine's De civitate Dei in 1467, the first books to be printed in Italy, using a form of Roman type.[10]
  • 1467 – German printers Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim move from Subiaco to Rome where the Massimo family place a house at their disposal and they publish an edition of Cicero's letters that gives its name to the typographic unit of measurement the cicero.[11]
  • 1468
  • 1470
    • Johann Heynlin prints the first book in Paris, the Epistolae Gasparini of Gasparinus de Bergamo (d. c. 1431), a guide to writing Latin prose.
    • Nicolas Jenson's edition of Eusebius, published in Venice, is the first book to use a roman type based on the principles of typography rather than manuscript.
    • Sermo ad populo predicabilis, a sermon printed in Cologne, is the first book to incorporate printed page numbers.
  • 1473
    • First book printed in Hungary, Chronica Hungarorum, the "Buda Chronicle".
    • First known printing in Poland, Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474, a wall calendar.
  • 1474
    • First book printed in Spain, Obres e trobes en lahors de la Verge María, the anthology of a religious poetry contest held this year in Valencia.
    • Approximate date – Georgius Purbachius (Georg von Peuerbach)'s Theoricae nouae planetarum is published in Nuremberg, an early example of the application of color printing to an academic text.
  • 1475
  • 1476
    • 30 January – Constantine Lascaris's Erotemata ("Questions", also known as Grammatica Graeca) is the first book to be printed entirely in Greek (in Milan).
    • William Caxton sets up the first printing press in England, at Westminster.[15] This year he prints improving pamphlets: Stans Puer ad Mensam (John Lydgate's translation of Robert Grosseteste's treatise on table manners, printed together with Salve Regina); The Churl and the Bird and The Horse, the Goose and the Sheep (both by Lydgate); and a parallel text edition of Cato with translation by Benjamin Burgh.[16]
    • First performance of one of Terence's plays since antiquity, Andria in Florence.
  • 1477
    • The first printed edition of Ptolemy's Geography (in Latin translation as Cosmographia) with maps, published in Bologna, is the first printed book with engraved illustrations[17][18] and also the first with maps by a known artist, the plates having been engraved by Taddeo Crivelli of Ferrara[19] (book wrongly dated 1462).
    • 18 November – Caxton prints Earl Rivers' translation of Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, the first full-length book printed in England on a printing press.[20]
The Pilgrims diverting each other with tales; woodcut from Caxton's 1486 edition of Canterbury Tales

New works and first printings of older works

Drama
  • c. 1463–1475
    • Probable date of composition of the "N-Town Plays" in The Midlands of England
  • 1470
    • Approximate date of composition of Elckerlijc, attributed to Peter van Diest (first printed 1495)
    • Probable date of composition of Mankind
  • 1492
  • 1493
  • c.1497
    • Henry Medwall – Fulgens and Lucrece
  • Approximate date of composition
    • The Castle of Perseverance
    • The Somonyng of Everyman

Births
Palazzo Bembo on the Grand Canal (Venice), birthplace of Pietro Bembo
  • Early 15th c. – Henry Lovelich, English poet and translator from London
  • 1405: 18 October – Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, Italian erotic poet and novelist, later Pope Pius II (died 1464)[32]
  • 1406 – Matteo Palmieri, Florentine humanist and historian (died 1475)
  • 1413 – Giosafat Barbaro, Venetian travel writer (died 1494)
  • c. 1426 – Bhalan, Indian Gujarati-language poet (died c. 1500)
  • 1432 – Ōta Dōkan (太田 道灌, Ōta Sukenaga), Japanese samurai warrior-poet and Buddhist monk (died 1486)
  • 1434: 29 August – Janus Pannonius, Hungarian/Croatian poet and bishop writing in Latin (died 1472)
  • c. 1435 – Johannes Tinctoris (Jehan le Teinturier), Low Countries' writer on music and musician (died 1511)
  • 1441: 9 February – Ali-Shir Nava'i, Chagatai Turkic-language Timurid poet and scholar (died 1501)
  • c. 1441 – Felix Fabri (Felix Faber), Swiss Dominican theologian and travel writer (died 1502)
  • 1449 – Aldus Manutius, Italian publisher (died 1515)
  • c. 1451 – Richard Methley, English Dominican writer and translator (died 1527 or 1528)
  • 1453 – Ermolao Barbaro, Italian scholar (died 1493)
  • c. 1460 – John Skelton, English poet (died 1529)
  • 1462: 8 September – Henry Medwall, English playwright and ecclesiastical lawyer (died c. 1501/2?)[33]
  • 1465 – Yamazaki Sōkan (山崎宗鑑, Shina Norishige), Japanese poet (died 1553)
  • 1470: 20 May – Pietro Bembo, Venetian-born scholar, poet and cardinal (died 1547)
  • c. 1473 – Jean Lemaire de Belges, Walloon French poet and historian (died c. 1525)
  • 1475 – Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi, Italian calligrapher and type designer (died 1527)
  • 1483: 6 March – Francesco Guicciardini, Italian historian and statesman
  • 1483: 19 April – Paolo Giovio, Italian contemporary historian, bishop and scientist (died 1552)
  • 1485 – Hanibal Lucić, Croatian poet and playwright (died 1553)
  • 1486: 28 July – Pieter Gillis, Flemish humanist, printer and Antwerp city official (died 1533)
  • 1488: c. 24 August – Ferdinand Columbus, Spanish bibliophile (died 1539)
  • 1488: (estimated) – Otto Brunfels, German botanist and theologian (died 1534)
  • 1490: Gáspár Heltai (Kaspar Helth), Transylvanian writer in German (died 1574)
  • 1492: 11 April – Marguerite de Navarre, princess of France, queen consort, writer, religious reformer and patron of the arts (died 1549)
  • 1494: November (probable) – François Rabelais, French writer (died 1553)
  • 1496: 23 November – Clément Marot, French poet (died 1544)
  • 1497 – Edward Hall, English historian, politician and lawyer (died 1547)

Deaths
  • 1400 – Jan of Jenštejn, archbishop of Prague, writer, composer and poet (born 1348)
  • 1406: 19 March – Ibn Khaldun, North African historiographer and philosopher (born 1332)
  • c. 1416 – Julian of Norwich, English religious writer and mystic (born c. 1342)
  • 1426 – Thomas Hoccleve, English poet and clerk (born c. 1368)
  • c. 1426 – John Audelay, English poet and priest (year of birth unknown)
  • c. 1430 – Christine de Pizan, French poet and author of conduct books (born 1364)
  • c. 1440 – Margery Kempe, English mystic and autobiographer (born c. 1373)
  • c. 1443 – Zeami Motokiyo (世阿弥 元清), Japanese Noh actor and playwright (born c. 1363)
  • 1448 – Zhu Quan (朱|權), Prince of Ning, Chinese military commander, feudal lord, historian and playwright (born 1378)
  • c. 1451 – John Lydgate, English poet and monk (born c. 1370)
  • 1454 – Francesco Barbaro, Italian humanist and politician (born 1390)
  • 1458 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana, Castilian politician and poet (born 1398)
  • 1459 - Ausiàs March, Valencian poet and knight (born 1400)
  • 1464:
  • 1468 – Joanot Martorell, Valencian novelist and knight (born 1413)
  • 1471 – Sir Thomas Malory, presumed English writer (year of birth unknown)
  • 1472: 27 March – Janus Pannonius, Hungarian/Croatian poet and bishop writing in Latin (born 1434)[34]
  • 1475 – Matteo Palmieri, Florentine historian and humanist (born 1406)
  • c. 1483 – Richard Holland, Scottish cleric and poet
  • 1486 – Margareta Clausdotter, Swedish chronicler and nun
  • c. 1490 – Lewys Glyn Cothi, Welsh poet (born 1420)
  • 1492 – Jami, Persian poet and scholar (born 1414)
  • 1493 – Ermolao Barbaro, Italian scholar (born 1453)
  • 1494 – Giosafat Barbaro, Italian travel writer, diplomat and explorer (born 1413)
  • 1496: 28 August – Kanutus Johannis, Swedish Franciscan friar, writer and book collector

See also

References
  1. "History of Guildhall Library". City of London. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  2. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. Norman, Jeremy M. (20 December 2022). "Foundation of the Library of the Dominican Convent of San Marco, the First "Public" Library in Renaissance Europe". HistoryofInformation.com. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  4. Klooster, John W. (2009). Icons of invention: the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-313-34745-0.
  5. Berlin State Library MS Hamilton 207.
  6. "Biblioteca Malatestiana" (in Italian). Istituzione Biblioteca Malatestiana. Archived from the original on 16 December 2002. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  7. "The Sibyllenbuch", Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (entry), London: British Library.
  8. Csapodi, Csaba; Csapodiné Gárdonyi, Klára (1976). Bibliotheca Corviniana. Budapest.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. The University of Glasgow, Munimenta, II, 69, dated 10 September 1462, admits a Robert Henryson, licenciate in Arts and bachelor of Decreits (Canon Law), as a member of the University. It is considered strongly likely, from secondary evidence, that this was the poet.
  10.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Löffler, Klemens (1911). "Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweinheim". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  11. Wijnekus, F. J. M.; Wijnekus, E. F. P. H. (22 October 2013). "2827 cicero". Elsevier's Dictionary of the Printing and Allied Industries (2nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-42249-1.
  12. Robinson, Anton Meredith Lewin (1979). From monolith to microfilm: the story of the recorded word. Cape Town: South African Library. p. 2 5. ISBN 0-86968-020-X. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  13. Vitæ Pontificum Platinæ historici liber de vita Christi ac omnium pontificum qui hactenus ducenti fuere et XX (published 1479). The event is depicted in Melozzo da Forlì's fresco for the library Sixtus IV Appointing Platina as Prefect of the Vatican Library (1477). Setton, Kenneth M. (1960). "From Medieval to Modern Library". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 104: 371–390.
  14. Mendel, Menachem (2007). "The Earliest Printed Book in Hebrew". Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
  15. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 185–187. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  16. Hellinga, Lotte (1982). Caxton in Focus: The Beginning of Printing in England. London: British Library. pp. 68, 83. ISBN 0904654761.
  17. Landau, David; Parshall, Peter (1996). The Renaissance Print. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 241–242. ISBN 978-0-300-06883-2.
  18. Crone, G. R. (December 1964). "Review of Theatrum Orbis Terrarum: A Series of Atlases in Facsimile". The Geographical Journal. 130 (4): 577–578. doi:10.2307/1792324. JSTOR 1792324.
  19. Lone, E. Miriam (1930). Some Noteworthy Firsts in Europe during the Fifteenth Century. New York: Harper. p. 41.
  20. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  21. Commentarius in symbolum apostolorum, a 4th century exposition of the Apostles' Creed attributed to St. Jerome but actually by Tyrannius Rufinus, perhaps printed by Theoderic Rood, and apparently misdated 1468."Printing in universities: the Sorbonne Press and Oxford" (PDF). Manchester: John Rylands University Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  22. "Lot 36: Bible, Pentateuch, in Hebrew - Hamishah humshe Torah, with paraphrase in Aramaic (Targum Onkelos) and commentary by Rashi (Solomon ben Isaac). Edited by Joseph Hayim ben Aaron Strasbourg Zarfati. Bologna: Abraham ben Hayim of Pesaro for Joseph ben Abraham Caravita, 5 Adar I [5] 242 = 25 January 1482". Sale 3587: Importants livres anciens, livres d'artistes et manuscrits. Paris: Christie's. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  23. Gillam, Stanley (1988). The Divinity School and Duke Humfrey's Library at Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-19-951558-1.
  24. "51: Louis de Gruuthuse's copy of the Deeds of Sir Gillion de Trazegnies in the Middle East, in French, illuminated manuscript on vellum [southern Netherlands (Antwerp or perhaps Bruges), dated 1464]". Old Master & British paintings Evening Sale including three Renaissance Masterworks from Chatsworth. London: Sotheby's. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  25. "Illustrated Books". University of Manchester Library. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  26. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 360. ISBN 0-415-93930-5.
  27. Biddick, Kathleen (2013). The Typological Imaginary: Circumcision, Technology, History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780812201277.
  28. Ivins, William M. "The Herbal of 'Pseudo-Apuleius'" (PDF). New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  29. Jacobus (de Vorágine) (1973). The Golden Legend. CUP Archive. pp. 8–. GGKEY:DE1HSY5K6AF. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  30. Martin, Joanna (2008). Kingship and Love in Scottish poetry, 1424-1540. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7546-6273-0.
  31. Hooper, David; Kenneth, Whyld (1996) [1992], "King's Gambit", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 201, ISBN 0-19-866164-9.
  32. John Flood (8 September 2011). Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1531. ISBN 978-3-11-091274-6.
  33. Nelson, Alan H. (2004). "Medwall, Henry (b. 1462, d. after 1501)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18504. Retrieved 27 July 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  34. Milorad Živančević (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 70.
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