Alabama's 1st congressional district

30°59′13.3″N 87°56′14.34″W

Alabama's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries
Representative
  Jerry Carl
R–Mobile
Area7,182 sq mi (18,600 km2)
Distribution
  • 66.82% urban
  • 33.18% rural
Population (2022)730,935[1]
Median household
income		$58,781[1]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+16[2]

Alabama's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It includes the entirety of Washington, Mobile, Baldwin and Monroe counties, as well as most of Escambia County. The largest city in the district is Mobile.

It is currently represented by Republican Jerry Carl.

Character

Mobile, Alabama, is the focus of this district, which extends north along the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers. Timber production remains the biggest source of contributions to the local economy, however recently gulf coast condominium developments in Baldwin county represent new economic possibilities.

Politically, this area was one of the first in Alabama to shake off its Democratic roots. It was one of five districts to swing Republican in 1964, when Barry Goldwater swept the state. The GOP has held the district in every House election since then, usually by landslide margins; indeed, a Democrat has only managed 40 percent of the vote once since the current GOP run began in the district. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most state and local offices well into the 1990s.

It supported George W. Bush with 60% of the vote in 2000, and with 64% in 2004. In 2008, John McCain received 61.01% of the vote in the district while 38.38% supported Barack Obama.

The 1st district traditionally gives its representatives very long tenures in Washington: only nine people have represented the seat in Congress since 1897, with all but two holding the seat for at least 10 years.

The Allen v. Milligan ruling reshaped the 1st and 2nd districts; rather than splitting the southern border to an east and west district, 1st was changed to represent all south border counties as well as Coffee, Dale, and Henry Counties.

Communities

Since 2023, the following communities have had postal addresses within the 1st district.[3][4]

Entirely within the district

Partially within the district

Recent election results from statewide races
Year Office Results
2000 President Bush 60 - 38%
2004 President Bush 64 - 35%
2008 President McCain 61 - 39%
2012 President Romney 62 - 37%
2016 President Trump 64 - 34%
Senate Shelby 65.3% - 34.5%
2017 Senate (Spec.) Moore 50.1% - 48.2%
2018 Governor Ivey 60.6% - 39.3%
Lt. Governor Ainsworth 62.3% - 37.6%
Attorney General Marshall 59.7% - 40.2%
2020 President Trump 64 - 35%
Senate Tuberville 60.9% - 39%
2022 Senate Britt 69% - 29%

List of members representing the district
Member Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history District location and map
District created March 4, 1823

Gabriel Moore
(Huntsville)		 Democratic-Republican March 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825		 18th
19th
20th		 Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1823.
Re-elected in 1825.
Re-elected in 1827.
Retired.		 1823–1833
"Northern district": Decatur, Jackson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, and Madison counties
Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1829

Clement Comer Clay
(Huntsville)		 Jacksonian March 4, 1829 –
March 3, 1835		 21st
22nd
23rd		 Elected in 1829.
Re-elected in 1831.
Re-elected in 1833.
Retired to run for governor.
1833–1841

Reuben Chapman
(Somerville)		 Jacksonian March 4, 1835 –
March 3, 1837		 24th
25th
26th		 Elected in 1835.
Re-elected in 1837.
Re-elected in 1839.
Redistricted to the at-large district.
Democratic March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1841
District inactive March 3, 1841 –
March 3, 1843		 27th All representatives elected at-large.

James Dellet
(Claiborne)		 Whig March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1845		 28th Elected in 1843.
Retired.		 1843–1855
Edmund Strother Dargan
(Mobile)		 Democratic March 4, 1845 –
March 3, 1847		 29th Elected in 1845.
Retired.

John Gayle
(Mobile)		 Whig March 4, 1847 –
March 3, 1849		 30th Elected in 1847.
Retired.
William J. Alston
(Linden)		 Whig March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1851		 31st Elected in 1849.
Retired.
John Bragg
(Mobile)		 Democratic March 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853		 32nd Elected in 1851.
Retired.

Philip Phillips
(Mobile)		 Democratic March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855		 33rd Elected in 1853.
Retired.
Percy Walker
(Mobile)		 Know Nothing March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857		 34th Elected in 1855.
Retired.		 1855–1863

James Adams Stallworth
(Evergreen)		 Democratic March 4, 1857 –
January 12, 1861		 35th
36th		 Elected in 1857.
Re-elected in 1859.
Withdrew due to Civil War.
Vacant January 12, 1861 –
July 22, 1868		 36th
37th
38th
39th
40th		 Civil War and Reconstruction

Francis William Kellogg
(Mobile)		 Republican July 22, 1868 –
March 3, 1869		 40th Elected in 1868 to finish term.
Retired.		 1863–1873

Alfred Eliab Buck
(Mobile)		 Republican March 4, 1869 –
March 3, 1871		 41st Elected in 1868.
Retired.

Benjamin S. Turner
(Selma)		 Republican March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873		 42nd Elected in 1870.
Lost re-election.
Frederick George Bromberg
(Mobile)		 Liberal Republican March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1875		 43rd Elected in 1872.
Lost re-election.		 1873–1877

Jeremiah Haralson
(Selma)		 Republican March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1877		 44th Elected in 1874.
Redistricted to the 4th district and lost re-election.

James T. Jones
(Demopolis)		 Democratic March 4, 1877 –
March 3, 1879		 45th Elected in 1876.
Lost renomination.		 1877–1933

Thomas H. Herndon
(Mobile)		 Democratic March 4, 1879 –
March 28, 1883		 46th
47th
48th		 Elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
Re-elected in 1882.
Died.
Vacant March 28, 1883 –
December 3, 1883		 48th

James T. Jones
(Demopolis)		 Democratic December 3, 1883 –
March 3, 1889		 48th
49th
50th		 Elected to finish Herndon's term.
Re-elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Retired.

Richard Henry Clarke
(Mobile)		 Democratic March 4, 1889 –
March 3, 1897		 51st
52nd
53rd
54th		 Elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Retired to run for Governor.

George W. Taylor
(Demopolis)		 Democratic March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1915		 55th
56th
57th
58th
59th
60th
61st
62nd
63rd		 Elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Re-elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Retired.

Oscar Lee Gray
(Butler)		 Democratic March 4, 1915 –
March 3, 1919		 64th
65th		 Elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Retired.

John McDuffie
(Monroeville)		 Democratic March 4, 1919 –
March 2, 1935		 66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th		 Elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934
Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
1933–1963
Vacant March 2, 1935 –
July 30, 1935		 74th

Frank W. Boykin
(Mobile)		 Democratic July 30, 1935 –
January 3, 1963		 74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th		 Elected to finish McDuffie's term.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Redistricted to the at-large district and lost renomination.
District inactive January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1965		 88th All representatives elected at-large.

Jack Edwards
(Mobile)		 Republican January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1985		 89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th		 Elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Retired.		 1965–1983
1983–1993

Sonny Callahan
(Mobile)		 Republican January 3, 1985 –
January 3, 2003		 99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th		 Elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Retired.
1993–2003

Jo Bonner
(Mobile)		 Republican January 3, 2003 –
August 2, 2013		 108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th		 Elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Resigned to become vice-chancellor in University of Alabama System.[5]		 2003–2013
2013–2023
Vacant August 2, 2013 –
January 8, 2014		 113th

Bradley Byrne
(Fairhope)		 Republican January 8, 2014 –
January 3, 2021		 113th
114th
115th
116th		 Elected to finish Bonner's term.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.

Jerry Carl
(Mobile)		 Republican January 3, 2021 –
present		 117th
118th		 Elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.
Lost renomination.
2023–2025

Recent election results

These are the results from the previous 11 election cycles in Alabama's 1st district.[6]

2004
2004 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jo Bonner (incumbent) 161,067 63.12%
Democratic Judy McCain Belk 93,938 36.81%
Write-in 159 0.06%
Total votes 255,164 100%
Republican hold

2006
2006 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jo Bonner (incumbent) 112,944 68.10%
Democratic Vivian Beckerle 52,770 31.82%
Write-in 127 0.08%
Total votes 165,841 100%
Republican hold

2008
2008 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jo Bonner (incumbent) 210,660 98.27%
Write-in 3,707 1.73%
Total votes 214,367 100%
Republican hold

2010
2010 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jo Bonner (incumbent) 129,063 82.58%
Constitution David M. Walter 26,357 16.87%
Write-in 861 0.55%
Total votes 156,281 100%
Republican hold

2012
2012 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jo Bonner (incumbent) 196,374 97.86%
Write-in 4,302 2.14%
Total votes 200,676 100%
Republican hold

2013 (special)
2013 Alabama's 1st congressional district special election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bradley Byrne 36,042 70.66%
Democratic Burton LeFlore 14,968 29.34%
Total votes 51,010 100%
Republican hold

2014
2014 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bradley Byrne (incumbent) 103,758 68.16%
Democratic Burton LeFlore 48,278 31.71%
Write-in 198 0.13%
Total votes 152,234 100%
Republican hold

2016
2016 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bradley Byrne (incumbent) 208,083 96.38%
Write-in 7,810 3.62%
Total votes 215,893 100%
Republican hold

2018
2018 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bradley Byrne (incumbent) 153,228 63.16%
Democratic Robert Kennedy, Jr. 89,226 36.78%
Write-in 163 0.07%
Total votes 242,617 100%
Republican hold

2020
2020 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Carl 211,825 64.37%
Democratic James Averhart 116,949 35.54%
Write-in 301 0.09%
Total votes 329,075 100%
Republican hold

2022
2022 Alabama's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Carl (incumbent) 140,592 83.6%
Libertarian Alexander Remrey 26,369 15.6%
Write-in 1,189 0.7%
Total votes 168,150 100.0
Republican hold

See also

References
Specific
  1. Center for New Media & Promotion. "My Congressional District". US Census Bureau.
  2. "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  3. "Find Your Representative". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  4. "Look Up a ZIP Code". USPS.com. United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  5. Sherman, Jake. "Rep. Jo Bonner to resign". POLITICO.
  6. "AL - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
General
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