List of European Commissioners by nationality

A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (before the Barroso I Commission in November 2004, the five largest states—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.

The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019.

Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member-state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their political background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the European People's Party; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party; green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party; and their pan-European predecessors).

List of European Commissioners by nationality
State Name Portfolio Start End Commission Party Family
Austria Franz Fischler Agriculture and Rural Development 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer ÖVP EPP
Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi
Benita Ferrero-Waldner External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy 22 November 2004 1 December 2009 Barroso I ÖVP EPP
Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy 1 December 2009 9 February 2010
Johannes Hahn Regional Policy 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II ÖVP EPP
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1] 19 April 2014 25 May 2014
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1] 1 July 2014 16 July 2014
European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker
Regional Policy (acting)[2] 3 July 2019 30 November 2019
Budget and Administration 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen
Belgium Jean Rey External Relations 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I PLP ALDE
External Relations 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
President 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey
Albert Coppé Budget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey CVP EPP
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Henri Simonet Taxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President) 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli PS PES
Étienne Davignon Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins CDH EPP
Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President) 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Willy De Clercq External Relations and Trade 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I PVV ALDE
Karel Van Miert Transport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II SP.A PES
Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Competition 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
Philippe Busquin Research 16 September 1999 18 July 2004 Prodi PS PES
Louis Michel Research 18 July 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi MR ALDE
Development and Humanitarian Aid 22 November 2004 17 July 2009 Barroso I
Karel De Gucht Development and Humanitarian Aid 17 July 2009 9 February 2010 Barroso I VLD ALDE
Trade 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Marianne Thyssen Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker CD&V EPP
Didier Reynders Justice[3] 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen MR ALDE
Competition (acting)[4] 5 September 2023 8 December 2023
Bulgaria Meglena Kuneva Consumer Protection 1 January 2007 9 February 2010 Barroso I NDSV ALDE
Kristalina Georgieva International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II GERB EPP
Budget and Human Resources (Vice President) 1 November 2014 31 December 2016 Juncker
Mariya Gabriel Digital Economy and Society 7 July 2017 30 November 2019 Juncker GERB EPP
Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth[5] 1 December 2019 15 May 2023 Von der Leyen
Iliana Ivanova Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth 19 September 2023 present Von der Leyen GERB EPP
Croatia Neven Mimica Consumer Protection[6] 1 July 2013 31 October 2014 Barroso II SDP PES
International Cooperation and Development 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker
Dubravka Šuica Democracy and Demography (Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen HDZ EPP
Cyprus Markos Kyprianou Budget 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi DIKO PES
Health and Consumer Protection 22 November 2004 1 January 2007 Barroso I
Health 1 January 2007 3 March 2008
Androulla Vassiliou Health 3 March 2008 9 February 2010 Barroso I EDI ALDE
Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Christos Stylianides Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker DISY EPP
Stella Kyriakidou Health and Food Safety 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen DISY EPP
Czech Republic Pavel Telička Health and Consumer Protection 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi US-DEU ALDE
Vladimír Špidla Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I ČSSD PES
Štefan Füle Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II ČSSD PES
Věra Jourová Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker ANO ALDE
Values and Transparency (Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (acting)[4] 5 September 2023 8 December 2023
Justice (acting)[3] 15 April 2024 present
Denmark Finn Olav Gundelach Internal Market and Customs Union 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli SD PES
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President) 5 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins
Agriculture 6 January 1981 13 January 1981 Thorn
Poul Dalsager Agriculture 20 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn SD PES
Henning Christophersen Budget, Financial Control, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I V ALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Economic, Financial and Monetary Affairs, Credit and Investment (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Ritt Bjerregaard Environment and Nuclear Safety 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer SD PES
Poul Nielson Development and Humanitarian Aid 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi SD PES
Mariann Fischer Boel Agriculture and Rural Development 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I V ALDE
Connie Hedegaard Climate Action 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II KF EPP
Margrethe Vestager Competition 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker RV ALDE
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (Executive Vice President)[4] 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen
Competition[4] 1 December 2019 present
Innovation and Research (acting)[5] 10 May 2023 5 September 2023
Estonia Siim Kallas Economic and Monetary Affairs 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi RP ALDE
Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud (Vice President) 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Transport (Vice President) 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[7] 7 April 2014 25 May 2014
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[7] 1 July 2014 16 July 2014
Andrus Ansip Digital Single Market (Vice President) 1 November 2014 1 July 2019 Juncker RP ALDE
Digital Economy and Society (acting)[8] 1 January 2017 7 July 2017
Kadri Simson Energy 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen EK ALDE
Finland Erkki Liikanen Budget, Personnel and Administration 25 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer SDP PES
Enterprise and Information Society 16 September 1999 11 July 2004 Prodi
Olli Rehn Enterprise and Information Society 12 July 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi SK ALDE
Enlargement 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Economic and Monetary Affairs 9 February 2010 27 October 2011 Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)[7] 27 October 2011 1 July 2014 Barroso II
Jyrki Katainen Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President) 16 July 2014 31 October 2014 Barroso II KOK EPP
Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness (Vice President) 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker
Jutta Urpilainen International Partnerships[9] 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen SDP PES
France Robert Lemaignen Overseas Development 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I Unknown EPP
Robert Marjolin Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I SFIO PES
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Henri Rochereau Overseas Development 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II Unknown EPP
Overseas Development 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey
Raymond Barre Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey UDF ALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Jean-François Deniau Enlargement and Development Aid 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti UDF ALDE
Enlargement and Development Aid 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Development, Budget and Financial Control 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli
François-Xavier Ortoli President 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli UDR /
RPR[10]		 EPP
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Claude Cheysson Development, Budget and Financial Control 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli PS PES
Development 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins
Development 6 January 1981 23 April 1981 Thorn
Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I
Edgard Pisani Development 26 May 1981 3 December 1984 Thorn PS PES
Jacques Delors President 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I PS PES
President 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
President 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Christiane Scrivener Taxation and Customs Union 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II PR ALDE
Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Yves-Thibault de Silguy Economic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer RPR EPP
Édith Cresson Research, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer PS PES
Pascal Lamy Trade 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi PS PES
Michel Barnier Regional Policy 16 September 1999 31 March 2004 Prodi UMP EPP
Jacques Barrot Regional Policy 31 March 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi UMP EPP
Transport (Vice President) 22 November 2004 9 May 2008 Barroso I
Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) 9 May 2008 9 February 2010
Michel Barnier Internal Market and Services (Vice President)[11] 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II UMP EPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[12] 19 April 2014 25 May 2014
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[12] 1 July 2014 16 July 2014
Pierre Moscovici Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PS PES
Thierry Breton Internal Market 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen LREM ALDE
Germany Walter Hallstein President 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I CDU EPP
President 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Hans von der Groeben Competition 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I CDU EPP
Competition 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Internal Market and Regional Policy 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey
Fritz Hellwig Research, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President) 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey CDU EPP
Wilhelm Haferkamp Energy (Vice President) 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey SPD PES
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli
External Relations (Vice President) 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins
External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President) 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Ralf Dahrendorf External Relations and Trade 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti FDP ALDE
External Relations and Trade 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Research, Science and Education 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli
Guido Brunner Energy, Research, Science and Education 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins FDP ALDE
Karl-Heinz Narjes Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn CDU EPP
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President) 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I
Alois Pfeiffer Economic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment 5 January 1985 5 January 1986 Delors I SPD PES
Economic Affairs and Regional Policy 5 January 1986 1 August 1987
Peter Schmidhuber Economic Affairs and Regional Policy 2 September 1987 5 January 1989 Delors I CSU EPP
Budget and Financial Control 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Budget and Financial Control 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Martin Bangemann Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II FDP ALDE
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
Monika Wulf-Mathies Regional Policy 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer SPD PES
Michaele Schreyer Budget 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi Greens EGP
Günter Verheugen Enlargement 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi SPD PES
Enterprise and Industry (Vice President) 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Günther Oettinger Energy (Vice President)[13] 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II CDU EPP
Digital Economy and Society 1 November 2014 1 January 2017 Juncker
Budget and Human Resources 1 January 2017 30 November 2019
Ursula von der Leyen President 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen CDU EPP
Greece Giorgos Kontogeorgis Transport, Fisheries and Tourism 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn ND EPP
Grigoris Varfis Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations 5 January 1985 5 January 1986 Delors I PASOK PES
Consumer Protection 5 January 1986 5 January 1989
Vasso Papandreou Employment, Industrial Relations, Social Affairs, Education, Training and Youth 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II PASOK PES
Ioannis Paleokrassas Environment, Nuclear Safety and Fisheries 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III ND EPP
Christos Papoutsis Energy, SMEs and Tourism 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer PASOK PES
Anna Diamantopoulou Employment and Social Affairs 16 September 1999 18 February 2004 Prodi PASOK PES
Stavros Dimas Employment and Social Affairs 10 March 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi ND EPP
Environment 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Maria Damanaki Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II PASOK PES
Dimitris Avramopoulos Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker ND EPP
Margaritis Schinas Promoting Our European Way of Life (Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen ND EPP
Culture, Education and Youth (acting)[5] 10 May 2023 19 September 2023
Innovation and Research (acting)[5] 5 September 2023 19 September 2023
International Partnerships (acting)[9] 2 December 2023 28 January 2024
Hungary Péter Balázs Regional Policy 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi MSZP PES
László Kovács Taxation and Customs Union 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I MSZP PES
László Andor Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II MSZP PES
Consumer Protection (acting)[6] 19 April 2014 25 May 2014
Tibor Navracsics Education, Culture, Youth and Sport 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker Fidesz EPP
Olivér Várhelyi Neighbourhood and Enlargement 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen Fidesz EPP
Ireland Patrick Hillery Social Affairs (Vice President) 6 January 1973 2 December 1976 Ortoli FF ALDE
Richard Burke Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport and Parliamentary Relations 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins FG EPP
Michael O'Kennedy Personnel and Administration 6 January 1981 3 March 1982 Thorn FF ALDE
Richard Burke Personnel and Administration 1 April 1982 5 January 1985 Thorn FG EPP
Peter Sutherland Competition, Social Affairs, Education and Training 5 January 1985 5 January 1986 Delors I FG EPP
Competition and Parliamentary Relations 5 January 1986 5 January 1989
Ray MacSharry Agriculture and Rural Development 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II FF ALDE
Pádraig Flynn Social Affairs, Employment, Immigration, Home Affairs and Justice 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III FF ALDE
Social Affairs and Employment 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
David Byrne Health and Consumer Protection 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi FF ALDE
Charlie McCreevy Internal Market and Services 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I FF ALDE
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn Research, Innovation and Science 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II FF ALDE
Phil Hogan Agriculture and Rural Development 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker FG EPP
Trade 1 December 2019 26 August 2020 Von der Leyen
Mairead McGuinness Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union 12 October 2020 present Von der Leyen FG EPP
Italy Piero Malvestiti Internal Market (Vice President) 7 January 1958 15 September 1959 Hallstein I DC EPP
Giuseppe Petrilli Social Affairs 7 January 1958 8 February 1961 Hallstein I DC EPP
Giuseppe Caron Internal Market 24 November 1959 9 January 1962 Hallstein I DC EPP
Internal Market (Vice President) 9 January 1962 15 May 1963 Hallstein II
Lionello Levi Sandri Social Affairs 8 February 1961 9 January 1962 Hallstein I PSI PES
Social Affairs (Vice President)[14] 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey
Guido Colonna di Paliano Internal Market 30 July 1964 30 June 1967 Hallstein II DC EPP
Industrial Affairs 2 July 1967 8 May 1970 Rey
Edoardo Martino External Relations 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey DC EPP
Franco Maria Malfatti President 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti DC EPP
Altiero Spinelli Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti SI PES
Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Industry and Technology 6 January 1973 13 July 1976 Ortoli
Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza Agriculture (Vice President) 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt DC EPP
Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President) 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli
Cesidio Guazzaroni Industry and Technology 13 July 1976 5 January 1977 Ortoli PRI ALDE
Antonio Giolitti Regional Policy 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins PSI PES
Regional Policy 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Lorenzo Natali Enlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins DC EPP
Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President) 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President) 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I
Carlo Ripa di Meana Institutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I PSI PES
Environment and Nuclear Safety 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Filippo Maria Pandolfi Science, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II DC EPP
Antonio Ruberti Science, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III PSI PES
Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi Institutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III DC EPP
Emma Bonino Fisheries and Consumers Policy 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer LB ALDE
Mario Monti Internal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer Ind. ALDE
Competition 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi
Romano Prodi President 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi ID /
DL[15]		 ALDE[16]
Franco Frattini Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) 22 November 2004 23 April 2008 Barroso I FI EPP
Antonio Tajani Transport (Vice President) 18 June 2008 9 February 2010 Barroso I PdL EPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President)[12] 9 February 2010 1 July 2014 Barroso II
Ferdinando Nelli Feroci Industry and Entrepreneurship 16 July 2014 31 October 2014 Barroso II Ind. EPP
Federica Mogherini Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PD PES
Paolo Gentiloni Economy 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PD PES
Latvia Sandra Kalniete Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi LTF EPP
Andris Piebalgs Energy 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I LC /
LPP[17]		 ALDE[18]
Development 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[19] 19 April 2014 25 May 2014
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[19] 1 July 2014 16 July 2014
Valdis Dombrovskis Euro and Social Dialogue (Vice President) 1 November 2014 16 July 2016 Juncker Unity EPP
Euro, Social Dialogue, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (Vice President) 16 July 2016 1 December 2019
An Economy That Works for People (Executive Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen
Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union 1 December 2019 12 October 2020
Trade[20] 26 August 2020 present
Lithuania Dalia Grybauskaitė Education and Culture 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi Ind. EPP
Financial Programming and the Budget 22 November 2004 1 July 2009 Barroso I
Algirdas Šemeta Financial Programming and the Budget 1 July 2009 9 February 2010 Barroso I TS EPP
Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Vytenis Andriukaitis Health and Food Safety 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker SDP PES
Virginijus Sinkevičius Environment, Oceans and Fisheries 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen LVŽS EGP
Luxembourg Michel Rasquin Transport 7 January 1958 27 April 1958 Hallstein I LSAP PES
Lambert Schaus Transport 18 June 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I CSV EPP
Transport 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Victor Bodson Transport 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey LSAP PES
Albert Borschette Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti Unknown
Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Competition, Personnel and Administration 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli
Raymond Vouel Competition 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins LSAP PES
Gaston Thorn President 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn DP ALDE
Nicolas Mosar Energy 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I CSV EPP
Jean Dondelinger Cultural Affairs and Information 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II Unknown
René Steichen Agriculture and Rural Development 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III CSV EPP
Jacques Santer President 23 January 1995 15 March 1999 Santer CSV EPP
Viviane Reding Education and Culture 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi CSV EPP
Information Society and Media 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (Vice President)[1] 9 February 2010 1 July 2014 Barroso II
Martine Reicherts Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship 16 July 2014 31 October 2014 Barroso II CSV EPP
Jean-Claude Juncker President 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker CSV EPP
Nicolas Schmit Jobs and Social Rights 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen LSAP PES
Malta Joe Borg Development and Humanitarian Aid 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi PN EPP
Fisheries and Maritime Affairs 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
John Dalli Health and Consumer Policy 9 February 2010 16 October 2012 Barroso II PN EPP
Tonio Borg Health and Consumer Policy 28 November 2012 1 July 2013 Barroso II PN EPP
Health 1 July 2013 31 October 2014
Karmenu Vella Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PL PES
Helena Dalli Equality 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PL PES
Netherlands Sicco Mansholt Agriculture (Vice President) 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Hallstein I PvdA PES
Agriculture (Vice President) 9 January 1962 30 June 1967 Hallstein II
Agriculture (Vice President) 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey
Agriculture (Vice President) 1 July 1970 21 March 1972 Malfatti
President 22 March 1972 5 January 1973 Mansholt
Maan Sassen Competition 2 July 1967 30 June 1970 Rey KVP EPP
Pierre Lardinois Agriculture 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli KVP EPP
Henk Vredeling Employment and Social Affairs (Vice President) 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins PvdA PES
Frans Andriessen Parliamentary Relations and Competition 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn KVP EPP
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President) 5 January 1985 5 January 1986 Delors I
Agriculture (Vice President) 5 January 1986 5 January 1989
External Relations and Trade (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Hans van den Broek External Relations and Enlargement 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III CDA EPP
Central and Eastern European Relations and Enlargement 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
Frits Bolkestein Internal Market 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi VVD ALDE
Neelie Kroes Competition 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I VVD ALDE
Digital Agenda (Vice President) 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Frans Timmermans Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice President) 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PvdA PES
European Green Deal and Climate Action (Executive Vice President) 1 December 2019 22 August 2023 Von der Leyen
Wopke Hoekstra Climate Action 9 October 2023 present Von der Leyen CDA EPP
Poland Danuta Hübner Trade 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi PO EPP
Regional Policy 22 November 2004 4 July 2009 Barroso I
Paweł Samecki Regional Policy 4 July 2009 9 February 2010 Barroso I PO EPP
Janusz Lewandowski Financial Programming and Budget[19] 9 February 2010 1 July 2014 Barroso II PO EPP
Jacek Dominik Financial Programming and Budget 16 July 2014 31 October 2014 Barroso II PO EPP
Elżbieta Bieńkowska Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PO EPP
Janusz Wojciechowski Agriculture 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PiS ECR
Portugal António Cardoso e Cunha Fisheries 5 January 1986 5 January 1989 Delors I PSD EPP
Personnel, Administration, Energy, Small Business and Tourism 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
João de Deus Pinheiro Parliamentary Relations, Communications, Information and Cultural Affairs 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III PSD EPP
African, Caribbean and Asian Relations and Development 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
António Vitorino Justice and Home Affairs 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi PS PES
José Manuel Barroso President 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I PSD EPP
President 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (acting)[21] 19 April 2014 25 May 2014
Carlos Moedas Research, Science and Innovation 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PSD EPP
Elisa Ferreira Cohesion and Reforms 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PS PES
Romania Leonard Orban Multilingualism 1 January 2007 9 February 2010 Barroso I PNL ALDE[22]
Dacian Cioloş Agriculture and Rural Development 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II Ind. EPP[23]
Corina Crețu Regional Policy[2] 1 November 2014 1 July 2019 Juncker PSD /
PRO[24]		 PES /
EDP[24]
Adina-Ioana Vălean Transport 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PNL EPP
Slovakia Ján Figeľ Enterprise and Information Society 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi KDH EPP
Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism 22 November 2004 1 January 2007 Barroso I
Education, Training and Culture 1 January 2007 1 October 2009
Maroš Šefčovič Education, Training and Culture 1 October 2009 9 February 2010 Barroso I Smer-SD PES
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (Vice President)[21] 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Health and Consumer Policy (acting)[25] 16 October 2012 28 November 2012
Energy Union (Vice President)[26] 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker
Digital Single Market (acting)[27] 3 July 2019 30 November 2019
Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen
European Green Deal (Executive Vice President)[28] 22 August 2023 present
Climate Action (acting)[28] 22 August 2023 9 October 2023
Slovenia Janez Potočnik Enlargement 1 May 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi LDS ALDE
Science and Research 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Environment 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Violeta Bulc Transport 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker SMC ALDE
Janez Lenarčič Crisis Management 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen Ind. ALDE[29]
Spain Abel Matutes Credit, Investments, Financial Instruments and SMEs 5 January 1986 5 January 1989 Delors I PP EPP
Mediterranean and Latin American Policy 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Energy and Transport 5 January 1993 27 April 1994 Delors III
Manuel Marín Social Affairs, Employment, Education and Training (Vice President) 5 January 1986 5 January 1989 Delors I PSOE PES
Cooperation, Development and Fisheries (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II
Cooperation, Development and Humanitarian Aid (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Mediterranean, Latin American and Middle Eastern Relations (Vice President) 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
President (acting)[30] 16 March 1999 15 September 1999
Marcelino Oreja Energy and Transport 27 April 1994 23 January 1995 Delors III PP EPP
Parliamentary Relations, Culture and Audiovisual Policy and Institutional Reform 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
Loyola de Palacio Parliamentary Relations, Transport and Energy (Vice President) 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi PP EPP
Pedro Solbes Economic and Monetary Affairs 16 September 1999 10 April 2004 Prodi PSOE PES
Joaquín Almunia Economic and Monetary Affairs 24 April 2004 21 November 2004 Prodi PSOE PES
Economic and Financial Affairs 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Competition (Vice President) 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Miguel Arias Cañete Climate Action and Energy 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker PP EPP
Energy Union (acting)[26] 18 January 2019 30 March 2019
Josep Borrell Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen PSOE PES
Sweden Anita Gradin Immigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer SAP PES
Margot Wallström Environment 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi SAP PES
Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice President) 22 November 2004 9 February 2010 Barroso I
Cecilia Malmström Home Affairs 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II FP ALDE
Trade 1 November 2014 30 November 2019 Juncker
Ylva Johansson Home Affairs 1 December 2019 present Von der Leyen SAP PES
United Kingdom Christopher Soames External Relations (Vice President) 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli Con. EPP
George Thomson Regional Policy 6 January 1973 5 January 1977 Ortoli Lab. PES
Roy Jenkins President 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins Lab. PES
Christopher Tugendhat Budget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions 6 January 1977 6 January 1981 Jenkins Con. EPP
Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn
Ivor Richard Employment, Social Affairs, Education and Training 6 January 1981 5 January 1985 Thorn Lab. PES
Arthur Cockfield Internal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President) 5 January 1985 5 January 1989 Delors I Con. EPP
Stanley Clinton-Davis Environment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport 5 January 1985 5 January 1986 Delors I Lab. PES
Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport 5 January 1986 5 January 1989
Bruce Millan Regional Policy 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II Lab. PES
Regional Policy 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
Leon Brittan Competition and Financial Institutions (Vice President) 6 January 1989 4 January 1993 Delors II Con. EPP
Trade (Vice President) 5 January 1993 23 January 1995 Delors III
External Relations and Trade (Vice President) 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer
Neil Kinnock Transport 23 January 1995 15 September 1999 Santer Lab. PES
Administrative Reform (Vice President) 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi
Chris Patten External Relations 16 September 1999 21 November 2004 Prodi Con. EPP
Peter Mandelson Trade 22 November 2004 3 October 2008 Barroso I Lab. PES
Catherine Ashton Trade 24 October 2008 1 December 2009 Barroso I Lab. PES
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 1 December 2009 9 February 2010
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President) 9 February 2010 31 October 2014 Barroso II
Jonathan Hill Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union 1 November 2014 16 July 2016 Juncker Con. ECR[31]
Julian King Security Union 19 September 2016 30 November 2019 Juncker Con. ECR

Withdrawn nominees

A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's accession referendum.

State Name Portfolio Commission Party Family
Norway Thorvald Stoltenberg Fisheries Santer AP PES
Czech Republic Miloš Kužvart Health and Consumer Protection Barroso I ČSSD PES
Italy Rocco Buttiglione Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) Barroso I UDC EPP
Latvia Ingrīda Ūdre Taxation and Customs Union Barroso I LZS EGP
Bulgaria Rumiana Jeleva International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response Barroso II GERB EPP
Slovenia Alenka Bratušek Energy Union (Vice President) Juncker ZaAB ALDE

Juncker/Von der Leyen

The transition from the Juncker Commission to the Von der Leyen Commission resulted in a higher number of withdrawals and rejections than any previous transition. This included an agreement to not fill the seats of Juncker commissioners who took seats in the European Parliament, some states abiding by Von der Leyen's request to name female and male candidates in order to have a gender parity (with only one candidate able to be formally nominated), the rejection of several nominees by the European Parliament due to ethical concerns, and some those named to replace the rejected candidates being denied nomination by Von der Leyen. She continued her request for female and male candidates for vacancies throughout her commission.

State Name Portfolio Commission Party Family
Estonia Kadri Simson[32] Juncker EK ALDE
Romania Ioan Mircea Pașcu[33] Juncker PSD PES
France Sylvie Goulard[34] Internal Market Von der Leyen LREM ALDE
Hungary László Trócsányi[35] Neighbourhood and Enlargement Von der Leyen Fidesz EPP
Poland Krzysztof Szczerski[36] Von der Leyen PiS ECR
Portugal Pedro Marques[37] Von der Leyen PS PES
Romania Rovana Plumb[38] Transport Von der Leyen PSD PES
Romania Dan Nica[39] Von der Leyen PSD PES
Romania Melania-Gabriela Ciot[40] Von der Leyen PSD PES
Romania Victor Negrescu[41] Von der Leyen PSD PES
Romania Siegfried Mureșan[42] Von der Leyen PNL EPP
Ireland Andrew McDowell[43] Von der Leyen FG EPP
Bulgaria Daniel Lorer[44] Von der Leyen PP ALDE

European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC)
State Name Portfolio Start End Commission Party Family
France Louis Armand President 7 January 1958 2 February 1959 Armand Unknown
Étienne Hirsch President 2 February 1959 10 January 1962 Hirsch Unknown
Pierre Chatenet President 10 January 1962 5 July 1967 Chatenet UDR EPP

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
State Name Portfolio Start End Authority Party Family
Belgium Albert Coppé Long Term Policy (Vice President) 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet CVP EPP
General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President) 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President) 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
Member (Vice President) 15 September 1959 22 October 1963 Malvestiti
Transport and Information (Vice President) 22 October 1963 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé
President (acting) 1 March 1967 5 July 1967
Paul Finet Social Problems and Administrative Questions 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet BSP PES
Social Problems 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
President 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
Member 15 September 1959 22 October 1963 Malvestiti
Social Problems 10 January 1964 18 May 1965 Del Bo
France Jean Monnet President 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet Unknown
Léon Daum Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet Unknown
Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
Investment and Production 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
René Mayer President 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer PR EPP
Roger Reynaud Member 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet Unknown
Member 15 September 1959 September 1963 Malvestiti
Economic Policy and Industrial Development 10 January 1964 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé
Pierre-Olivier Lapie Member 15 September 1959 22 October 1963 Malvestiti SFIO PES
Energy 22 October 1963 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé
Germany Heinz Potthof Member 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet SPD PES
Franz Etzel Markets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President) 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet CDU EPP
Member (First Vice President) 3 June 1955 28 October 1957 Mayer
Franz Blücher Member 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet FDP ALDE
Heinz Potthoff Finance, Budget and Administration 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet SPD PES
Finance and Investment 15 September 1959 10 August 1962 Malvestiti
Karl-Maria Hettlage Finance and Investment 14 December 1962 22 October 1963 Malvestiti CDU EPP
Finance and Investment 22 October 1963 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé
Fritz Hellwig Coal and Steel Markets 10 January 1964 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé CDU EPP
Italy Enzo Giacchero Press and Information 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet DC EPP
Press and Information 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
Social Problems 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
Piero Malvestiti President 15 September 1959 22 October 1963 Malvestiti DC EPP
Rinaldo Del Bo President 22 October 1963 1 March 1967 Del Bo DC EPP
Luxembourg Albert Wehrer Member 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet Unknown
Member 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
External Relations 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
Member 15 September 1959 22 October 1963 Malvestiti
External Relations 22 October 1963 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé
Jean Fohrmann Social Problems 30 June 1965 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé LSAP PES
Netherlands Dirk Spierenburg External Relations 10 August 1952 3 June 1955 Monnet Unknown
External Relations 3 June 1955 13 January 1958 Mayer
Steel, Transport and Concentrations (First Vice President) 13 January 1958 15 September 1959 Finet
Member (First Vice President) 15 September 1959 25 September 1962 Malvestiti
Competition (First Vice President) 22 October 1963 7 June 1965 Del Bo
Johannes Linthorst Homan Member (First Vice President) 15 December 1962 22 October 1963 Malvestiti VVD ALDE
Competition 22 October 1963 5 July 1967 Del Bo / Coppé

Notes and references
  1. Viviane Reding was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner during her leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  2. Corina Crețu resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
  3. Didier Reynders is on leave from 15 April 2024 – present while being considered for Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Věra Jourová serves as Acting Commissioner.
  4. Margrethe Vestager was on leave from 5 September 2023 – 8 December 2023 while being considered for President of the European Investment Bank. Věra Jourová served as Acting Commissioner for A Europe Fit for the Digital Age and Didier Reynders served as Acting Commissioner for Competition.
  5. Mariya Gabriel was on leave from 10 May 2023 – 15 May 2023 to participate in the government formation following the 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election, and then resigned on 15 May 2023 to serve as Minister for Foreign Affairs. Initially, Margrethe Vestager served as Acting Commissioner for Innovation and Research and Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner for Culture, Education and Youth. When Vestager began her own leave on 5 September 2023, Schinas took over the whole portfolio until Iliana Ivanova took office.
  6. Neven Mimica was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. László Andor served as Acting Commissioner.
  7. Olli Rehn was on leave from 7 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Siim Kallas served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  8. Kristalina Georgieva resigned on 1 January 2017 to serve as Chief Executive of the World Bank Group. Günther Oettinger assumed her portfolio for Budget and Human Resources, while Ansip served as Acting Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society (Oettinger's original portfolio) until Mariya Gabriel took office.
  9. Jutta Urpilainen was on leave from 2 December 2023 – 28 January 2024 to campaign in the 2024 Finnish presidential election. Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner.
  10. Ortoli was a party member of the UDR until 5 December 1976, after which he served as a member of the RPR.
  11. Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
  12. Antonio Tajani was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Michel Barnier served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  13. Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
  14. Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
  15. Prodi was a party member of ID until 23 March 2002, after which she served as a member of DL.
  16. Prodi, now a member of the socialist grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Prodi Commission.
  17. Piebalgs was a party member of the LC until 25 August 2007, after which she served as a member of the LPP.
  18. Piebalgs, now a member of the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Barroso Commission.
  19. Janusz Lewandowski was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Andris Piebalgs served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  20. Phil Hogan resigned on 26 August 2020. Dombrovskis served as Acting Commissioner until he was confirmed by the European Parliament on 12 October 2020.
  21. Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. José Manuel Barroso served as Acting Commissioner.
  22. The PNL, now affiliated with the conservatives was part of the liberals during Orban's term.
  23. Cioloş, now a member of the liberal grouping, was affiliated to the European conservatives while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Barroso Commission.
  24. Crețu was a party member of the PSD (within PES) until 17 January 2019, after which she served as a member of PRO (within EDP, which has since joined PES).
  25. John Dalli resigned on 16 October 2012 and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until Tonio Borg took office.
  26. Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 18 January 2019 – 30 March 2019 to campaign in the 2019 Slovak presidential election. Miguel Arias Cañete served as Acting Commissioner.
  27. Andrus Ansip resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
  28. Frans Timmermans resigned on 22 August 2023 to campaign in the 2023 Dutch general election. Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner of the European Green Deal and was confirmed by the European Parliament its with Executive Vice President rank on 5 October 2023. He also served as Acting Commissioner for Climate Action until Wopke Hoekstra took office.
  29. Lenarčič is affiliated to the liberals, while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Von der Leyen Commission.
  30. Jacques Santer resigned on 16 March 1999 and Marín served as Acting President until Romano Prodi took office.
  31. The UK Conservative Party had previously been part of the EPP and joined the ECR on 1 October 2009.
  32. Simson was nominated to complete the term of Andrus Ansip, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began. Simson was then nominated and confirmed for a full term.
  33. Pașcu was nominated to complete the term of Corina Crețu, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began.
  34. Goulard was nominated to a portfolio that was to also include Industrial Policy, the Digital Single Market and a new Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space. However, she was rejected by the European Parliament.
  35. Trócsányi was rejected by the European Parliament.
  36. Szczerski was initially named by the Polish government, however after Von der Leyen indicated she preferred Poland take the Agriculture portfolio, he withdrew to allow another candidate, Janusz Wojciechowski, with more expertise to be formally nominated.
  37. Marques was initially named by the Portuguese government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Elisa Ferreira, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. Ferreira went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and approved by the European Parliament.
  38. Plumb was initially named by the Romanian government as the female candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Dan Nica, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. She was formally nominated by Von der Leyen but rejected by the European Parliament.
  39. Nica was initially named by the Romanian government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Rovana Plumb, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. After Plumb went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and subsequently rejected by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Nica the male candidate, alongside Melania-Gabriela Ciot, with him as the leading candidate. However, he was denied by Von der Leyen.
  40. After Plumb's rejection by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Ciot the female candidate, alongside Dan Nica, with her as the reserve candidate. However, she was denied by Von der Leyen.
  41. After Nica and Ciot were denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government named Negrescu. However, he was also denied by Von der Leyen.
  42. After Negrescu was denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government lost parliament's confidence and Mureșan was named by the new government alongside Adina-Ioana Vălean. Vălean went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen.
  43. After Phil Hogan left the Von der Leyen Commission, McDowell was initially named by the Irish government as the male candidate, alongside Mairead McGuinness as the female candidate. McGuinness went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
  44. After Mariya Gabriel left the Von der Leyen Commission, Lorer was initially named by the Bulgarian government as the announced male candidate, alongside Iliana Ivanova as the female candidate. Ivanova went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
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