Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.
Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.
In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Etymology
The word boulevard is borrowed from French. In French, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from the Dutch word bolwerk 'bulwark'.[1]
Notable examples
Asia
Azerbaijan
Cambodia
- Norodom Boulevard
- Monivong Boulevard
- Sihanouk Boulevard
India
- M G Road
- Anna Salai
- Indira Gandhi Sarani
- Marine Drive
- Krishnaraja Boulevard
- Rajpath
- Necklace Road
- Mahatma Gandhi Road
- Foreshore Road
Indonesia
- Jalan Jenderal Sudirman
- Jalan M.H. Thamrin
- Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto
- Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said
- Jalan Gajah Mada/Jalan Hayam Wuruk
- Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio
Vietnam
- Thang Long Boulevard
Iran
- Keshavarz Boulevard
Philippines
- Roxas Boulevard
- Shaw Boulevard
- España Boulevard
- Quezon Boulevard
- Aurora Boulevard
- Osmeña Boulevard[2]
Boulevards of Asia
Keshavarz Boulevard of Tehran in mid 1970s
Roxas Boulevard in Manila
Australia and Oceania
Australia
- St Kilda Road, Melbourne
- Royal Parade, Melbourne
- Victoria Parade, Melbourne
- Flemington Road, Melbourne
- Mount Alexander Road, Melbourne
- The Boulevard, Perth
New Zealand
- The Four Avenues, Christchurch
- Anzac Avenue, Dunedin
- Marine Parade, Napier
Boulevards of Oceania
St Kilda Road, Melbourne
Royal Parade, Melbourne
Marine Parade, Napier
Bealey Avenue, one of Christchurch's Four Avenues
Europe
Austria
Denmark
- Nørre Voldgade
- H. C. Andersens Boulevard
- Vesterbrogade
- Sønder Boulevard
- Dalgas Boulevard
- Strandboulevarden
- Frederiksberg Allé
France
- Boulevard Beaumarchais
- Boulevard du Temple
- Boulevard Montmartre
- Boulevard des Italiens
- Boulevard des Capucines
- Boulevard de la Madeleine
Germany
- Unter den Linden, Berlin
- Kurfürstendamm, Berlin
- Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin
- Königsallee, Düsseldorf
- Boulevard der Stars
- Brienner Straße
- Leopoldstraße
- Maximilianstraße
- Prinzregentenstraße
Hungary
- Little Boulevard, Budapest
- Grand Boulevard, Budapest
- Hungária Boulevard, Budapest[3]
Ireland
- O'Connell Street, Dublin
Italy
- Viali di Circonvallazione, Florence
Spain
- Gran Via de les Corts Catalans
- Avinguda de la Granvia
- Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona
Portugal
- Avenida da Liberdade, Lisbon
Russia
- Boulevard Ring, Moscow
- Tverskoy Boulevard[4]
- Garden Ring, Moscow
Boulevards of Europe
Boulevard Haussmann in Paris
Combino Supra at the Grand Boulevard in Budapest_6.JPG.webp)
Boulevard in Florence
Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona
Clean Ponds in the wide median green of Chistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow
Canada
- Lake Shore Boulevard, Toronto
- Pie-IX Boulevard, Montreal
Mexico
- Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City
United States
- Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn
- Broadway, Manhattan
- Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Chicago Boulevard System
- Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia
- Roosevelt Boulevard, Philadelphia
- Southern Boulevard Park, Philadelphia
- Boulevard, Atlanta
- Park Avenue, New York City
- Las Vegas Boulevard, Las Vegas
- Ohio River Boulevard, Pittsburgh
Boulevards of North America
Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma
Queens Boulevard in New York City
Roosevelt Boulevard in Philadelphia
Argentina
- Avenida 9 de Julio, Buenos Aires
Uruguay
- Artigas Boulevard, Montevideo
References
- Wiktionnaire,
- "Buses to Bring Change". Cebu Daily News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- "Húsvét után jön a nagykörúti káosz". Index.hu. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- "Некоммерческий проект бульвары Москвы". Bulwar.ru. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Books
- Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003). The Boulevard Book. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
- Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012). Guglielmo du Tillot: regista delle arti nell'età dei Lumi (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma. ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8. OCLC 889616353.
- Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010). Antonio Gaidon 1738-1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.
External links
The dictionary definition of boulevard at Wiktionary- Boulevards in Vietnam
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