Burji language
Burji language (alternate names: Bembala, Bambala, Daashi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Burji people who reside in Ethiopia south of Lake Chamo. There are over 49,000 speakers in Ethiopia, and a further 36,900 speakers in Kenya. Burji belongs to the Highland East Cushitic group of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.[1]
| Burji | |
|---|---|
| ቡረጊ (Burji) | |
| Native to | Ethiopia, Kenya |
| Region | South of Lake Chamo |
| Ethnicity | Burji people |
Native speakers | 83,000 (2007 & 2019 censuses)[1] |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Geʽez Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bji |
| Glottolog | burj1242 |
| ELP | Burji |
The language has the SOV (subject–object–verb) word order common to the Cushitic family. The verb morphology distinguishes passive and middle grammatical voice, as well as causative. Verbal suffixes mark the person, number, and gender of the subject.
The New Testament was published in the Burji language in 1993. A collection of Burji proverbs, translated into English, French, and Swahili, is available on the Web.[2]
Numerals 1-1000
- 1. micha
- 2. lama
- 3. fadiya
- 4. foola
- 5. umutta
- 6. liya
- 7. lamala
- 8. hiditta
- 9. wonfa
- 10. tanna
- 11. Tannaya micha
- 12. Tannaya lama
- 13. Tannaya fadiya
- 14. Tannaya foola
- 15. Tannaya umutta
- 16. Tannaya liya
- 17. Tannaya lamala
- 18. Tannaya hiditta
- 19. Tannaya wonfa
- 20. Lamattann
- 30. Fadiitann
- 40. Foolattan
- 50. Umuttan
- 60. Liittan
- 70. Lamalattan
- 80. Hidittan
- 90. Wonfattan
- 100. Ch'ibba.
- 1,000. Kuma
Syntax
Word order
Dhaashatee is a head-final language, which means that modifiers come before the main noun in the noun phrase. Dependent clauses come before independent clauses, while relative clauses come before the nouns they modify. The basic word order at the sentence-level is SOV, as in other HEC languages.[3]
Relative clauses
Relative clauses in Burji (Dhaashatee) are not formally marked but they can be recognized from main clauses by having more than one completely inflected verb in a non-final position. In contrast, in a “regular” main clause with multiple verbs, all but the last one takes a converb suffix. Other types of subordinate clauses are marked by complementizers or subordinate conjunctions.
An examples of a relative clause is given below. Dhogoli functions as the subject of both the relative clause and the main clause.
Lama lasa eegadh-i dhab-ann-oo dhogol-i aaree-shini
two day wait -CVB loose-PST-CON leopard-SNOM.M/ABS anger-INS.F
gal-i=k'aa akkarraga isheek-koo mar-ann-oo.
return-CVB=FOC evening POSS.3SG.F-ADE go-PST-CON
Translation: ‘Having lost two days waiting, the leopard returned furiously, and in the evening, he went to her house.
Notes
- Burji at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- Angelique Chelo. 2016. A COLLECTION OF 100 BURJI PROVERBS AND WISE SAYINGS. Web Access Archived 2021-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
- Wedekind, Klaus. 1990. Generating Narratives – Interrelations of Knowledge, Text Variants, and Cushitic Focus Strategies. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
References
- Amborn, Hermann, and Alexander Kellner. 1999. "Burji Vocabulary of Cultural Items. An Insight into Burji culture. Based on the field notes of Helmut Straube," Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 58: 5-67.
- Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1982. An Etymological Dictionary of Burji (Kuschitische Sprachstudien 1). Hamburg: Buske. ISBN 3871185612
- Sasse, Hans-Jürgen and Helmut Straube. 1977. "Kultur und Sprache der Burji," Süd-Aethiopien: Ein Abriss, Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika. Ed. Wilhelm J. G. Moehlig, Franz Rottland and Bernd Heine. Berlin. Pages 239–266.
- Wedekind, Charlotte. 1985. "Burji verb morphology and morphophonemics," The verb morphophonemics of five highland east Cushitic languages, including Burji. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 2. Cologne: Institut für Afrikanistik. Pages 110–145.
- Wedekind, Klaus. 1980. "Sidamo, Darasa (Gedeo), Burji: phonological differences and likenesses," Journal of Ethiopian Studies 14:131-176.