List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties
Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a steady number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
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List of breakaway parties
| Year | Party | Leader | Region | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha | Madan Mohan Malviya | National | Deactivate |
| 1923 | Swaraj Party | Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru | Bengal Presidency | defunct merged with Indian National Congress |
| 1939 | All India Forward Bloc[1] | Sardul Singh Caveeshar Sheel Bhadra Yagee Subhas Chandra Bose | National | active |
| 1951 | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party[2] | Jivatram Kripalani | Mysore state Madras State Delhi Vindhya Pradesh | defunct merged with Praja Socialist Party |
| 1951 | Hyderabad State Praja Party | Tanguturi Prakasam N. G. Ranga | Hyderabad State | defunct merged with Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |
| 1951 | Saurashtra Khedut Sangh | Narsinhbhai Dadhaniya Ratibhai Ukabhai | Saurashtra State | defunct merged with Swatantra Party |
| 1956 | Indian National Democratic Congress[3] | C. Rajagopalachari | Madras State | defunct merged with Swatantra Party |
| 1959 | Swatantra Party[4] | C. Rajagopalachari N. G. Ranga | Bihar Rajasthan Gujarat Orissa | defunct merged with Bharatiya Kranti Dal in 1974 |
| 1964 | Kerala Congress[5] | K. M. George | Kerala | active as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as Kerala Congress (M), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Kerala Congress (B), Kerala Congress (Democratic), Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas), Kerala Congress (Thomas), Kerala Congress (Nationalist) |
| 1966 | Orissa Jana Congress | Harekrushna Mahatab | Odisha | defunct merged with Janata Party |
| 1967 | Bangla Congress | Ajoy Mukherjee | West Bengal | defunct merged with INC |
| 1967 | Vishal Haryana Party | Birender Singh | Haryana | defunct merged with INC |
| 1967 | Bharatiya Kranti Dal[6][7] | Charan Singh | Uttar Pradesh | defunct merged with Bharatiya Lok Dal |
| 1968 | Manipur Peoples Party[8] | Mohammed Alimuddin | Manipur | active |
| 1969 | Indian National Congress (R) | Indira Gandhi | National | active recognized as the INC by the Election Commission (EC) after the 1971 general election. The party was allowed to call itself the Indian National Congress without any suffix and the EC also restored the frozen Congress symbol of two bullocks to it. But, Indira Gandhi's supporters preferred the “Calf and Cow” symbol it had adopted after the 1969 split and dropped the suffix “R”..[9] |
| 1969 | Indian National Congress (Organisation)[10] | K. Kamaraj Morarji Desai | National | defunct merged with Janata Party |
| 1969 | Utkal Congress | Biju Patnaik | Odisha | defunct merged with Janata Party |
| 1969 | Telangana Praja Samithi | Marri Chenna Reddy | Andhra Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1971 | Biplobi Bangla Congress | Sukumar Roy | West Bengal | active part of the Left Front (West Bengal) |
| 1977 | Congress for Democracy[11] | Jagjivan Ram | National | defunct merged with Janata party |
| 1978 | Indian National Congress (Indira) | Indira Gandhi | National | Recognised by the Election Commission as the INC in 1981 |
| 1979 | Indian National Congress (Urs) | D. Devaraj Urs | Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Goa | defunct become Indian National Congress (Socialist) |
| 1980 | Congress (A) | A. K. Antony | Kerala | defunct merged with INC |
| 1981 | Indian National Congress (Socialist)[12] | Sharad Pawar | Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Goa | defunct merged with INC |
| 1981 | Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)[12] | Jagjivan Ram | Bihar | defunct |
| 1984 | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha[13] | Sarat Chandra Sinha | Assam | active Major faction of the party merged with Nationalist Congress Party. However a residual faction still exists in Kerala as a part of Left Front. |
| 1986 | Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress | Pranab Mukherjee | West Bengal | defunct merged with INC |
| 1988 | Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani[14] | Sivaji Ganesan | Tamil Nadu | defunct merged with Janata Dal |
| 1990 | Haryana Vikas Party | Bansi Lal | Haryana | defunct merged with INC in 2004 |
| 1994 | All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)[15] | Narayan Datt Tiwari Arjun Singh Natwar Singh Rangarajan Kumaramangalam | Uttar Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1994 | Karnataka Congress Party | Bangarappa | Karnataka | defunct merged with INC |
| 1994 | Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress | Vazhapadi Ramamurthy | Tamil Nadu | defunct merged with INC |
| 1996 | Karnataka Vikas Party | Bangarappa | Karnataka | defunct merged with INC |
| 1996 | Arunachal Congress | Gegong Apang | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1996 2014 | Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)[16] | G. K. Moopanar 1996-2001 G. K. Vasan (2014–present) | Tamil Nadu | active merged with INC in 2001 split again from INC in 2014 |
| 1996 | Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress | Madhavrao Scindia | Madhya Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1997 | Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress | Vazhapadi Ramamurthy | Tamil Nadu | defunct |
| 1997 | Himachal Vikas Congress | Sukh Ram | Himachal Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1997 | Manipur State Congress Party[17] | Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh | Manipur | defunct merged with RJD |
| 1998 | All India Trinamool Congress | Mamata Banerjee | West Bengal | active left the alliance with INC |
| 1998 | Goa Rajiv Congress Party | Francis de Souza | Goa | defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party |
| 1998 | Arunachal Congress (Mithi) | Mukut Mithi | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct merged with INC |
| 1998 | All India Indira Congress (Secular)[18] | Sis Ram Ola | Rajasthan | defunct merged with INC |
| 1998 | Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi[19] | Suresh Kalmadi | Maharashtra | defunct merged with INC |
| 1999 | Bharatiya Jan Congress | Jagannath Mishra | Bihar | defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party |
| 1999 | Nationalist Congress Party | Sharad Pawar P.A. Sangma Tariq Anwar | Maharashtra Meghalaya Bihar Kerala | active in alliance with INC. In Kerala NCP is a member of the CPIM led Left Democratic Front, opposing INC led UDF |
| 1999 | Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party | Mufti Mohammad Sayeed | Jammu and Kashmir | active |
| 2000 | Goa People's Congress | Francisco Sardinha | Goa | defunct merged with INC |
| 2001 | Congress Jananayaka Peravai | P. Chidambaram | Tamil Nadu | defunct merged with indian national congress |
| 2001 | Thondar Congress | Kumari Ananthan | Tamil Nadu | defunct merged with INC |
| 2001 | Pondicherry Makkal Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct |
| 2002 | Vidarbha Janata Congress | Jambuwantrao Dhote | Maharashtra | active |
| 2002 | Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) | Sheik Hassan | Goa | defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2002 | Gujarat Janata Congress | Chhabildas Mehta | Gujarat | defunct merged with NCP |
| 2003 | Congress (Dolo) | Kameng Dolo | Arunachal Pradesh | defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2003 | Nagaland People's Front | Neiphiu Rio | Nagaland | active |
| 2005 | Pondicherry Munnetra Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct merged with INC |
| 2005 | Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)[20] | K. Karunakaran | Kerala | defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party and a large number of workers returned to the INC with K. Karunakaran later his son K. Muraleedharan also returned to INC |
| 2007 | Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) | Kuldeep Bishnoi | Haryana | merged with INC |
| 2008 | Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC) | Somendra Nath Mitra | West Bengal | defunct merged with All India Trinamool Congress |
| 2011 | YSR Congress Party | Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy | Andhra Pradesh | active |
| 2011 | All India N.R Congress | N. Rangaswamy | Puducherry | active |
| 2014 | Jai Samaikyandhra Party | Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy | Andhra pradesh | defunct merged with Indian National Congress |
| 2016 | Chhattisgarh Janata Congress | Ajit Jogi | Chhattisgarh | active |
| 2019 | Makkal Munnetra Congress | P. Kannan | Puducherry | defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2021 | Punjab Lok Congress | Captain Amarinder Singh | Punjab | defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Democratic Azad Party | Gulam Nabi Azad | Jammu and Kashmir | active |
References
- Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
- Amit Mukherjee (3 April 2004). "The case of the missing socialists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
- Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- Harsh Singh Lohit. Charan Singh, A Brief Life History. Charan Singh Archives.
- Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. JSTOR 2642338
- Ksh Kennedy Singh (25 January 2009). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236
- G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
- Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
- "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- Ashok Kumar (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- Bhavdeep Kang (3 April 2004). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- T.S. Subramanian (15 September 2001). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - Kalyan Chaudhuri (2 February 2002). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
- "Pune set for triangular fight". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- "Karunakaran's party gets new name". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
External links
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