Beijing–Harbin railway

The Beijing–Harbin railway, or the Jingha Railway (simplified Chinese: 京哈铁路; traditional Chinese: 京哈鐵路; pinyin: Jīnghā Tiělù), is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It spans 1,249 km (776 mi). It is a very prominent route in the provinces of northeastern China.

Beijing–Harbin railway
京哈铁路
A CRH5 passing the Grand Canal Bridge in Tongzhou District, Beijing in 2021
Technical
Line length1,249 km (776 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Route map

km
Up arrow Beijing underground cross-city railway from Beijing West
0
Beijing
5
Beijing East
Xidian junction
Left arrowFengtai–Shuangqiao railway to Fengtai West
Right arrowBeijing Northeast Ring railway to Shahe
12
Shuangqiao
Right arrowBeijing–Chengde railway to Chengde
20
Tongzhou
24
Beijing Sub-Center
Gaoxinzhuang junction
Beiliugezhuang junction
Left arrowTongzhou–Yanjiao connecting line
36
Yanjiao
Right arrowBeijing–Tangshan ICR to Tangshan
44
Dachangxian
Right arrowPinggu railway from Mafang
51
Sanping
59
Sanhexian
66
Duanjialing
83
Jizhou
Tianjin–Jizhou railway
Left arrowTianjin
Jizhou NorthRight arrow
94
Bieshan
101
Luoshan
117
Yutianxian
135
Fuzhuangzi
Kongjiazhuang–Tangshan raiway
Left arrowCaofeidian North Right arrowKongjiazhuang
Up arrowTianjin–Shanhaiguan railway from Tianjin
151
Tangshan
Tangshan North
Left arrowlink to Tangshan
157
Yinchengpu
Left arrowKongjiazhuang–Tangshan raiway
167
Langwopu
Right arrowTianjin–Shanhaiguan railway to Shanhaiguan
173
Shilangzhuang
180
Fushansi
188
Maliu
197
Yanggezhuang
Left arrowQidaoqiao–Luanxian railway from Qidaoqiao
208
Luanxian
Luanxian East
218
Zhugezhuang
222
Shimen
234
Jiulongshan
240
Houfengtai
249
Changli
256
Zhangjiazhuang
265
Liushouying
Right arrowTianjin–Qinhuangdao HSR from Tianjin
276
Beidaihe
Right arrowTianjin–Qinhuangdao HSR
284
Nandasi
Right arrowTianjin–Shanhaiguan railway
299
Qinhuangdao
Left arrowTianjin–Shanhaiguan railway
307
Longjiaying
CR Beijing Group
CR Shenyang Group
315
Shanhaiguan
Left arrowShenyang–Shanhaiguan railway to Shenyang
323.5
Dongdaihe
378
Suizhong North
399
Xingcheng West
437
Huludao North
463
Gaoqiao North
480
Jinzhou South
Right arrowChaoyang–Linghai HSR from Liaoning Chaoyang
507
Linghai South
549
Panjin North
xx
Gaosheng North
Left arrowPanjin–Yingkou HSR to Haicheng West, Yingkou East
604
Tai'an
635
Liaozhong
Up arrowBeijing–Shenyang HSR from Beijing Chaoyang
700
Huanggutun
Left arrowShenyang–Dalian Railway to Dalian
Left arrowHarbin–Dalian HSR from Dalian North
703
Shenyang North
(high-speed/normal speed fields)
Left arrowShenyang–Jilin railway to Jilin
Shenbei EMU depot, Shenyang locomotive depot
713
Wenguantun
721
Hushitai
732
Xinchengzi
745
Xintaizi
752
Luanshishan
762
Deshengtai
771
Tieling
784
Pingdingbao
793
Zhonggu
805
Kaiyuan
Left arrowLiaoyuan–Kaiyuan railway to Liaoyuan
816
Jingouzi
825
Mazhonghe
836
Changtu
860
Shuangmiaozi
872
Maojiadian
Left arrowSiping–Meihekou railway from Meihekou
889
Siping
Right arrowSiping–Qiqihar railway to Qiqihar
905
Shijiabao
915
Guojiadian
926
Caijia
935
Dayushu
942
Gongzhuling
964
Taojiatun
973
Fanjiatun
983
Datun
995
Changchun South
Changchun depot
Right arrow
Changchun West link line to Changchun West
Harbin–Changchun link line to Harbin West
1,003
Changchun
Left arrowChangchun–Tumen railway to Tumen
Left arrowChangchun–Hunchun ICR to Hunchun
Left arrowChangchun–Yantongshan railway from Yantongshan
1,012
Changchun North
Right arrowChangchun–Baicheng railway to Baicheng
1,018
Yijianpu
1,037
Mishazi
1,047
Wopi
1,065
Buhai
1,085
Dehui
1,095
Zhongde
1,101
Dajiagou
1,112
Dingjiayuan
1,117
Yaojia
1,127
Taolaizhao
Left arrowTaolaizhao–Shulan railway from Shulan
Right arrowSongyuan–Taolaizhao railway to Songyuan
1,137
Tuanshan
1,148
Fuyu
1,165
Caijiagou
CR Shenyang Group
CR Harbin Group
1,178
Lanling
1,199
Shuangchengpu
1,207
Anxi
1,217
Wujia
Right arrowWanggang–Wanle railway from Wanle
1,236
Wanggang
Left arrowWanggang–Sunjia railway to Harbin South
Left arrowHarbin–Dalian HSR from Dalian North
1,241
Harbin West
Left arrowHarbin–Suifenhe railway from Suifenhe
1,249
Harbin
Right arrow
Harbin–Manzhouli railway to Manzhouli
Harbin–Qiqihar ICR to Qiqihar South
Down arrow
Harbin–Jiamusi ICR to Jiamusi
Harbin–Mudanjiang ICR to Mudanjiang
km
Y510 from Qinhuangdao

History

Steam locomotive 221 of the Peking−Mukden Railway. After 1949 these locomotives were known as the JF7-class.

Construction of the section between Tangshan and Tianjin began in 1881 as the Kaiping Tramway. This section is the second-oldest railway in China and the oldest still in use. (The oldest railway in China was the Woosung Railway in Shanghai, built in 1876 but dismantled and removed to Taiwan the next year.) Later this section was extended west to Beijing and east to Shanhaiguan. It was further extended to the east and reached Mukden (modern Shenyang) in Fengtian province (modern Liaoning) by 1912.

The railway operated under or was known by several names, including:

  • the Imperial Railroad of North China,
  • the Guanneiwai Railway (literally "Shanhaiguan Inner & Outer Railway"),
  • the Jingfeng Railway, or Peking−Mukden Railway in English, from August 1907 to 1928,
  • the Pingfeng Railway, or Peiping−Mukden Railway in English, from 1928 to April 1929,
  • the Beining Railway, from April 1929 to 1932.

Under the late Qing and during the early Republic, it was administered by and provided much of the revenue for the Ministry of Posts and Communications. It is now administered by the Ministry of Railways for the People's Republic of China.

The section from Shenyang to Harbin used to be a part of the South Manchuria branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway built by the Russian Empire from 1898 to 1902. Later, the section from Changchun to Shenyang became part of the Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway. There used to be no linking line between the Beining Railway and the South Manchuria Railway. A bridge was built for the South Manchuria Railway to cross the Beining Railway. The Huanggutun Incident took place on June 4, 1928 right at this bridge, several kilometres east of the Huanggutun railway station on the Beining Railway.

After the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and the subsequent establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, the section of the line east of Shanhaiguan - being within the territory of Manchukuo – was separated from the Beining Railway, becoming the Fengshan Line of the Manchukuo National Railway. In the Japanese-occupied territory under the authority of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China, a new company was set up to manage railways and bus transportation in northern China (excluding the puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang). Called the North China Transportation Company, it was formed in 1938 through the nationalisation of all railways in the territory of the Provisional Government, including the Beining Railway. During the existence of the NCTC, the truncated Beining Line was known as the Beishan Line (from its termini, Beijing and Shanhaiguan). The NCTC was liquidated after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and its operations were taken over by the Republic of China Railway in 1945; this became the China Railway after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

After 1949, the Beining Railway, the Shenyang−Changchun section of the South Manchuria Railway's Renkyō Line, and the Manchukuo National Railway's Changchun–Harbin Jingbin Line were merged and named the Jingha Railway.

Before 2007, the Beijing–Harbin railway shared the route with the Beijing–Shanghai railway from Beijing to Tianjin, and then to Qinhuangdao then continuing to Harbin. The railway was merged with the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway, bypassing Tianjin. The remaining section between Tianjin and Qinhuangdao was renamed into the Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway.

Current status

An HXD3D train in Harbin.

As of December 31, 2006, it uses the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway, the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway, and the Shenyang-Harbin portion of the Harbin–Dalian railway.

Important cities en route

Mileage

Station Mileage
Beijing0
Beijing East5 km (3.1 mi)
- Entering Hebei
Tangshan North151 km (94 mi)
Luan County208 km (129 mi)
Beidaihe276 km (171 mi)
Qinhuangdao299 km (186 mi)
Shanhaiguan315 km (196 mi)
- Entering Liaoning
Huludao North437 km (272 mi)
Jinzhou South480 km (300 mi)
Panjin North549 km (341 mi)
Liaozhong653 km (406 mi)
Shenyang North703 km (437 mi)
Tieling771 km (479 mi)
- Entering Jilin
Siping889 km (552 mi)
Gongzhuling942 km (585 mi)
Changchun1,003 km (623 mi)
- Entering Heilongjiang
Harbin1,249 km (776 mi)

See also

References

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