Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2020 in politics and government, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations

Heads of state or government

Eastern Africa

Burundi: Rulers of Burundi
Comoros:
- Rulers of Comoros
- Sultans on the Comoros
Kenya: Rulers of Kenya
Madagascar: Rulers of Madagascar
- Monarchs of Madagascar (until 1897)
- Colonial Heads of Madagascar
- List of presidents of Madagascar
Malawi (former Nyasaland, former British Central Africa Protectorate)
- Heads of state of Malawi
- Heads of government of Malawi
- Colonial heads of Malawi (Nyasaland)
  - Rulers of Malawi
  - Rulers of Nkamanga
  - Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
  - Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
Mauritius
Mozambique
- Heads of state of Mozambique
- Heads of government of Mozambique
- Heads of National Resistance Government of Mozambique
- Colonial heads of Mozambique
  - Colonial heads of Delagoa Bay
Rwanda
Seychelles
- Presidents of Seychelles
Tanzania
- Presidents of Tanzania
- Prime Ministers of Tanzania
- Presidents of Zanzibar
- Prime Ministers of Zanzibar
Uganda
- Governors-General of Uganda
- Presidents of Uganda
- Prime Ministers of Uganda
- Kings of Nkole
- Kings of Buganda
Zambia
- Presidents of Zambia
Zimbabwe
- Munhumutapa emperors
- Prime Ministers of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
- Prime Ministers of Rhodesia
- Presidents of Rhodesia
- Presidents of Zimbabwe

Horn of Africa

Djibouti: Rulers of Djibouti
Eritrea: Rulers of Eritrea
Ethiopia: Rulers of Ethiopia
Somalia: Presidents of Somalia
Somaliland: Presidents of Somaliland
Puntland: Presidents of Puntland

Middle Africa

Angola
- Heads of state of Angola (see also: Presidents of Angola with information specific to that post)
- Heads of government of Angola (see also: Prime Minister of Angola with information specific to that post)
- List of current Angolan ministers
- Colonial heads of Angola
  - Heads of state of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola
  - Heads of government of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola
  - Heads of state of Cabinda
  - Heads of government of Cabinda
  - Colonial and provincial heads of Cabinda
Cameroon
- Heads of state of Cameroon
- Heads of government of Cameroon
- Colonial heads of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
  - Heads of government of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
  - Colonial heads of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
  - Heads of government of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
  - Colonial heads of German Cameroon (Kamerun)
  - Colonial heads of Ambas Bay (Victoria Colony)
  - Rulers of Bamoun (Mum)
  - Rulers of Mandara
Central African Republic
- Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
- Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
- Colonial heads of Central Africa (Oubangui-Chari)
Chad
- Heads of state of Chad
- Heads of government of Chad
- Colonial heads of Chad
  - Rulers of Baguirmi
  - Rulers of Wada’i
- Kanem-Bornu emperors
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa')
- Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Heads of state of the Congo Free State
- Colonial heads of Congo
  - Rulers of Katanga
  - Rulers of Kuba
  - Rulers of Luba
  - Rulers of Ruund (Luunda)
  - Rulers of Kasongo Luunda (Yaka)
  - Rulers of Kongo
  - Kongo
- Rulers of Kongo
Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
- Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
- Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo
  - Colonial heads of French Equatorial Africa
Equatorial Guinea
- Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
- Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
- Colonial heads of Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo/Spanish Guinea)
Gabon
- Heads of state of Gabon
- Heads of government of Gabon
- Colonial heads of Gabon
  - Rulers of Orungu
São Tomé and Príncipe
- Heads of state of São Tomé and Príncipe
- Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
- Presidents of the Regional Government of Príncipe
- Colonial Heads of São Tomé and Príncipe

Northern Africa

Algeria
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  - Heads of state of Algeria
  - Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post)
- French Algeria (French departements)
  - French Governors of Algeria
- Ottoman regency of Algiers
  - Ottoman Pashas and Deys of the Regency of Algiers
- Tlemcen (Western Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Ziyanid dynasty
- Western Ifriqiya (Eastern Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Hammadid dynasty
Egypt
- Rulers of Egypt
- Heads of government of Egypt
- Colonial heads of Egypt
- Pharaohs
- Egyptian dynasties
- Bahri dynasty of Egypt
- Burji dynasty of Egypt
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Fatimid Caliphs
- Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Libya
- Heads of state of Libya
- Heads of government of Libya
- Colonial heads of Libya
  - Colonial Heads of Tripolitania
  - Colonial heads of Cyrenaica
  - Colonial heads of Fezzan
- Governors of Spanish and Hospitaller Tripoli
- Rulers of Ottoman Libya
- Chiefs of the Senussi order
- Cyrene: Kings of Cyrene
Morocco
- List of rulers of Morocco
- Heads of government of Morocco
  - French Resident Ministers in Morocco
  - Spanish High Commissioners in Morocco
  - Administrators of the Tangier International Zone
- Alaouite dynasty
- Saadi dynasty
- Wattasid dynasty
- Marinid dynasty
- Almohad dynasty
- Almoravid dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty
- Presidents of Western Sahara
Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
- Presidents of Sudan
- Prime Ministers of Sudan
- Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Vice-Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Kings of Makuria
- Kings of Sennar
- Kush
  - Kushite Kings
  - List of Egyptian viceroys of Kush
Tunisia
- Presidents of Tunisia
- Prime Ministers of Tunisia
- Beys of Tunis
- Hafsid dynasty
- Zirid dynasty
- Aghlabid dynasty
- Carthage: Kings of Carthage

Southern Africa

Botswana
- Heads of state of Botswana
- Heads of government of Botswana
- List of commissioners of Bechuanaland
  - Rulers of baKgatla
  - Rulers of baKwêna
  - Rulers of Balete (baMalete)
  - Rulers of baNgwaketse
  - Rulers of Bangwato (bamaNgwato)
  - Rulers of baRôlông
  - Rulers of baTawana
  - Rulers of baTlôkwa
Lesotho
- Kings of Lesotho
- Heads of government of Lesotho
Namibia
- Presidents of Namibia
- Prime Ministers of Namibia
South Africa
- List of Bhaca kings
- List of Hlubi Kings
- List of Mpondo Kings
- List of Mpondomise Kings
- List of Ndebele Kings
- List of Thembu Kings
- List of Xhosa Kings & Chiefs
- List of Zulu kings
- Governors-General of South Africa
- State President of South Africa
- Prime Ministers of South Africa
- Homelands Leaders:
  - Heads of state of Bophuthatswana
  - Heads of state of Ciskei
  - Chief Ministers of Gazankulu
  - Chief Ministers of KaNgwane
  - Chief Ministers of KwaNdebele
  - Chief Ministers of KwaZulu
  - Chief Ministers of Lebowa
  - Chief Ministers of QwaQwa
  - Heads of government of Transkei
  - Heads of state of Transkei
  - Heads of state of Venda
- President of South Africa
- South African Premiers
Swaziland
- Kings of Swaziland
- Heads of government of Swaziland

Western Africa

Benin (former Dahomey)
- Heads of state of Benin
- Heads of government of Benin
- Colonial heads of Benin (Dahomey and Porto-Novo)
  - Colonial heads of São João Baptista de Ajudá
  - Rulers of Hogbonu (Ajashe/Porto-Novo)
- Bariba (Borgu) states
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku
- Berba states
  - Rulers of the Berba state of Gwande
- Ewe states
  - Rulers of the Ewe state of Agwe
- Fon states
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Alada (Allada)
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Danhome (Agbome) (Dahomey)
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda
- Gurmanche states
  - Rulers of the Gurmanche state of Jugu (Sugu)
- Mahi states
  - Rulers of the Mahi state of Fitta
  - Rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu
- Yoruba states
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe
Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta)
- Heads of state of Burkina Faso
- Heads of government of Burkina Faso (see also: Prime Minister of Burkina Faso with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
- List of rulers of Liptako
- Mossi States:-
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela
Cape Verde
- Heads of state of Cape Verde
- Heads of government of Cape Verde (see also: Prime Minister of Cape Verde with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Cape Verde
Ivory Coast
- Heads of state of Ivory Coast
- Heads of government of Ivory Coast
- Colonial heads of Ivory Coast
The Gambia
- Heads of state of the Gambia (see also Governors-General of the Gambia)
- Heads of government of the Gambia
- Colonial Heads of the Gambia
Ghana: Rulers of Ghana
- Heads of state of Ghana
- Emperors of Ghana
Guinea
- Heads of state of Guinea
- Heads of government of Guinea
- Colonial heads of Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
- Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
- Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
- Colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea
  - Colonial heads of Bissau
  - Colonial heads of Cacheu
Liberia
- Presidents of Liberia
- Agents and Governors of Liberia
Mali (former French Sudan)
- Heads of state of Mali
- Heads of government of Mali
- Colonial heads of Mali
- Emperors of Mali, see Mali Empire
- Kings of Mali, see Mansa
- Songhai emperors, see Songhai Empire
Mauritania
- Heads of state of Mauritania
- Heads of government of Mauritania
- Colonial heads of Mauritania
Niger
- Heads of state of Niger
- Heads of government of Niger
Nigeria
- Governors-General of Nigeria
- Presidents of Nigeria
- Presidents of Biafra
- List of Sultans of Sokoto
Senegal
- Presidents of Senegal
Sierra Leone
- Governors-General of Sierra Leone
- Presidents of Sierra Leone
- Heads of government of Sierra Leone
Togo
- Heads of State of Togo
- Heads of government of Togo

Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda
- Governors-General of Antigua and Barbuda
- Prime Ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
- Governors-General of the Bahamas
- Heads of government of the Bahamas
- Colonial heads of the Bahamas
Barbados
- Presidents of Barbados
- Prime Ministers of Barbados
Cuba
- First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (de facto leader)
- Presidents of Cuba
- Premiers of Cuba
- Colonial heads of Cuba
Dominica
- Presidents of Dominica
- Prime Ministers of Dominica
Dominican Republic
- Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Grenada
- Governors-General of Grenada
- Prime Ministers of Grenada
- Colonial heads of Grenada
- Colonial heads of the Windward Islands
Haiti
- List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue
- Presidents of Haiti
Jamaica
- Governors-General of Jamaica
- Prime Ministers of Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Governors-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
- Governors-General of Saint Lucia
- Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Governors-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
- Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago
- Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

Central America

Belize
- Governors-General of Belize
- Prime Ministers of Belize
- Maya rulers of Caracol, see Caracol
Costa Rica
- Presidents of Costa Rica
El Salvador
- Presidents of El Salvador
Guatemala
- Presidents of Guatemala
- Maya rulers of Tikal, see Tikal
Honduras
- Presidents of Honduras
- Maya kings of Xukpi, see Copán
Nicaragua
- Presidents of Nicaragua
Panama
- Presidents of Panama

North America

Canada
- Office-holders of Canada
Mexico
- Presidents of Mexico
- Mexican monarchs
- Aztec emperors, see Hueyi Tlatoani
- Maya rulers of Calakmul, see Calakmul
- Maya rulers of Palenque, see Palenque
- Maya rulers of Tonina, see Tonina
- Toltec rulers
- Viceroys of New Spain
United States
- Office-holders of the United States

Blekinge Governors
Dalarna Governors
Gävleborg Governors
Gotland Governors
Halland Governors
Jämtland Governors
Jönköping Governors
Kalmar Governors
Kronoberg Governors
Norrbotten Governors
Skåne Governors
Stockholm Governors
Södermanland Governors
Uppsala Governors
Värmland Governors
Västerbotten Governors
Västernorrland Governors
Västmanland Governors
Västra Götaland Governors
Örebro Governors
Östergötland Governors

United Kingdom: List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

Central Europe

Austria
- Rulers of Austria
- Emperors of Austria
- Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
- Ministers-President of Austria
- Federal Presidents of Austria
- Chancellors of Austria (Vice Chancellors of Austria)
- Habsburg
- Babenberg
- Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
- Dukes of Styria, see Styria (duchy)
- Dukes of Carinthia, see Carinthia (duchy)
Czech Republic
- Rulers of Bohemia (Czech lands)
- List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
- List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia
- List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
- Presidents of the Czech Republic
- Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
Germany: Rulers of Germany
Hungary
Liechtenstein
- Princes of Liechtenstein
- Liechtenstein Heads of Government
Poland
- Polish rulers
- Dukes of Silesia
- Dukes of Mazovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Łęczyca
- Dukes of Sieradz
- Duchy of Cieszyn
- Dukes of Pomerania
- List of prime ministers of Poland
- List of Polish presidents
Slovakia
- Presidents of Slovakia
- Prime Ministers of Slovakia
- Parliament leaders of Slovakia
Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
  - Presidents of the Confederation
  - Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see Military of Switzerland
  - Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see International relations of Switzerland
  - Heads of the Department of Home Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
- Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
- Presidents of the Swiss National Council
- Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
- Members of the Swiss National Council
- Members of the Swiss Council of States
- Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
- Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)

Southern Europe

Albania
- List of rulers of Illyria
- Monarchs of Albania
- Prime Ministers of Albania
- Presidents of Albania
Andorra
- Co-Princes of Andorra
  - Bishop of Urgell
- Prime Ministers of Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
- Thracian kings
- Kings of Odrysia
- Moesia: Roman governors of Lower Moesia
- Bulgarian monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
- Presidents of Bulgaria
Croatia
- List of rulers of Croatia
- Presidents of Croatia
- Prime Ministers of Croatia
  - Governors and Heads of State of Fiume
  - Heads of state of Krajina
  - Heads of government of Krajina
Greece: Rulers of Greece
Italy: Rulers of Italy
Kosovo
- Presidents of Kosovo
- Prime Minister of Kosovo
North Macedonia
- Presidents of North Macedonia
- Prime Ministers of North Macedonia
Malta
- Presidents of Malta, 1974–present
- Prime Ministers of Malta, 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present
- Monarchs of Malta, 1091–1798, 1800–1974
- Grand Masters of Malta, 1530–1798
- Civil Commissioners of Malta, 1799–1813
- Governors of Malta, 1813–1964
- Governors-General of Malta, 1964–1974
Montenegro
- Rulers of Montenegro
- List of presidents of Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Montenegro
Portugal
- Portuguese monarchs
- Dukes of Braganza
- Princes of Beira
- Prime Ministers of Portugal
- Presidents of Portugal
- List of Portuguese monarchs
San Marino
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1900–present
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500–1700
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243–1500
Serbia
- Presidents of Serbia
- Prime Ministers of Serbia
- President of the Government of Vojvodina
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
- President of Serbia and Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
- Monarchs of Serbia
- Princes of Zeta
Slovenia
- Presidents of Slovenia
- Prime Minister of Slovenia
Spain
- Rulers of Spain
- Presidents of Spain
- Prime Ministers of Spain
Vatican City/Holy See

Western Europe

Belgium
- Belgian monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Belgium
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
- Minister-President of Flanders
- Minister-President of Wallonia
- Minister-President of the French Community
- Minister-President of the German-speaking Community
France: Rulers of France
Luxembourg
- Prime ministers of Luxembourg
- Monarchs of Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands
- Dutch monarchy
- Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
- List of rulers of the Netherlands
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium):
- Rulers of East Frisia
- Rulers of Frisia
- Prince of Orange
- Duke of Brabant
- Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom
- Dukes and counts of Guelders
- Duke of Lower Lorraine
- Count of Bouillon
- Count of Flanders
- Count of Hainaut
- Count of Holland
- Counts of Leuven
- Bishop of Utrecht
- Marquis of Namur

Australasia

Australia

Premiers of New South Wales
Premiers of Queensland
Premiers of South Australia
Premiers of Tasmania
Premiers of Victoria
Premier of Western Australia
Heads of government of Norfolk Island
Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
Governors of New South Wales
Governors of Queensland
Governors of South Australia
Governors of Tasmania
Governors of Victoria
Governor of Western Australia
Administrative Heads of Norfolk Island
Administrator of the Northern Territory
Administrative Heads of Jervis Bay
Administrative Heads of Australian Antarctic Territory
Administrative Heads of Macquarie Island

Cocos Islands
- King of the Cocos Islands
New Zealand
Mayors of Auckland
Mayors of Christchurch
Mayors of Dunedin
Mayors of Wellington

Melanesia

Fiji
- Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs
- Chief Justice of Fiji
- Colonial Governors of Fiji
- Fijian Heads of State
- Foreign Ministers of Fiji
- Governors-General of Fiji
- House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Ministers for Fijian Affairs
- Presidents of Fiji
- Prime Ministers of Fiji
- Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives
- Vice-Presidents of Fiji
Papua New Guinea
- Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
- Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
- Governor-General of Solomon Islands
- Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
- President of Vanuatu
- Prime Minister of Vanuatu

Micronesia

Kiribati
- President of Kiribati
Marshall Islands
- Presidents of the Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
- President of the Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
- President of Nauru
Palau
- President of Palau

Polynesia

Cook Islands
- Prime Ministers of the Cook Islands
Niue
- Premiers of Niue
Samoa
- Samoan Heads of State
  - Malietoa
- Members of the Council of Deputies of Samoa
- Prime Ministers of Samoa
- Chief Justice of Samoa
- Finance Ministers of Samoa
- Foreign Affairs Ministers of Samoa
- Health Ministers of Samoa
- Education Ministers of Samoa
- Public Works Ministers of Samoa
- Fono Aoao Faitulafono o Samoa – current membership (2006)
Tonga
- Kings of Tonga
- Prime Ministers of Tonga
Tuvalu
- Governor-Generals of Tuvalu
- Prime Ministers of Tuvalu

Religious leaders

Christian

List of current Christian leaders

List of Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops

Catholic Church

List of popes
- Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
  - Priors of St John of Jerusalem in England

Anglican Communion

List of Archbishops of Canterbury
Anglican Primates

Other denominations

General of The Salvation Army
Moderator of the United Church of Canada
President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Patriarchs of Constantinople

Judaism

Chief Rabbis of the United Kingdom
Chief Rabbis of Israel

Islam

Hinduism

Buddhist

Other lists

List of oldest living state leaders
List of current governments
List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
List of current legislatures
List of current presidents of legislatures

Ministers by portfolio

External links

Current Heads of State
Archontology, by Oleg Schultz
Rulers, by B. Schemmel – detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
World Political Leaders, by Roberto Ortiz de Zárate

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