Phrynobatrachus

Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.[1][2][3][4] The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.[5]

Phrynobatrachus
A male and a female of Phrynobatrachus bibita
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Clade: Ranoidea
Family: Phrynobatrachidae
Laurent, 1941
Genus: Phrynobatrachus
Günther, 1862
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Phrynodon Parker, 1935

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)[5]), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.[4]

Taxonomy

Phrynobatrachidae has earlier been considered as a subfamily of Ranidae, but its recognition as a family is now well-established.[1][2][3][4] It is probably most closely related to Petropedetidae and Pyxicephalidae[1] or Ptychadenidae.[4]

This large genus may be further divided into three major clades. These clades could be treated as different genera, but this arrangement is not yet in use.[1]

Species

There are currently 96 species in this genus:[6]

  • Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope, 1867)
  • Phrynobatrachus acutirostris Nieden, 1912
  • Phrynobatrachus afiabirago Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018
  • Phrynobatrachus africanus (Hallowell, 1858)
  • Phrynobatrachus albifer (Ahl, 1924)
  • Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus De Witte, 1933
  • Phrynobatrachus alleni Parker, 1936
  • Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis Greenwood, Loader, Lawson, Greenbaum, and Zimkus, 2020
  • Phrynobatrachus amieti Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, and Gvoždík, 2021
  • Phrynobatrachus annulatus Perret, 1966
  • Phrynobatrachus anotis Schmidt and Inger, 1959
  • Phrynobatrachus arcanus Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
  • Phrynobatrachus asper Laurent, 1951
  • Phrynobatrachus auritus Boulenger, 1900
  • Phrynobatrachus batesii (Boulenger, 1906)
  • Phrynobatrachus bequaerti (Barbour and Loveridge, 1929)
  • Phrynobatrachus bibita Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019
  • Phrynobatrachus breviceps Pickersgill, 2007
  • Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus (Ahl, 1925)
  • Phrynobatrachus brongersmai Parker, 1936
  • Phrynobatrachus bullans Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing, and Moyer, 2004
  • Phrynobatrachus calcaratus (Peters, 1863)
  • Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku Zimkus, 2009
  • Phrynobatrachus congicus (Ahl, 1925)
  • Phrynobatrachus cornutus (Boulenger, 1906)
  • Phrynobatrachus cricogaster Perret, 1957
  • Phrynobatrachus cryptotis Schmidt and Inger, 1959
  • Phrynobatrachus dalcqi Laurent, 1952
  • Phrynobatrachus danko Blackburn, 2010
  • Phrynobatrachus dendrobates (Boulenger, 1919)
  • Phrynobatrachus discogularis Pickersgill, Zimkus, and Raw, 2017
  • Phrynobatrachus dispar (Peters, 1870)
  • Phrynobatrachus elberti (Ahl, 1925)
  • Phrynobatrachus francisci Boulenger, 1912
  • Phrynobatrachus fraterculus (Chabanaud, 1921)
  • Phrynobatrachus gastoni Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
  • Phrynobatrachus ghanensis Schiøtz, 1964
  • Phrynobatrachus giorgii De Witte, 1921
  • Phrynobatrachus graueri (Nieden, 1911)
  • Phrynobatrachus guineensis Guibé and Lamotte, 1962
  • Phrynobatrachus gutturosus (Chabanaud, 1921)
  • Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus Rödel, Ohler, and Hillers, 2010
  • Phrynobatrachus horsti Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
  • Phrynobatrachus hylaios Perret, 1959
  • Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus Largen, 2001
  • Phrynobatrachus intermedius Rödel, Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009
  • Phrynobatrachus irangi Drewes and Perret, 2000
  • Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi Zimkus, Gvoždík, and Gonwouo, 2013
  • Phrynobatrachus kakamikro Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler, and Lötters, 2010
  • Phrynobatrachus keniensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
  • Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis Angel, 1924
  • Phrynobatrachus krefftii Boulenger, 1909
  • Phrynobatrachus latifrons Ahl, 1924
  • Phrynobatrachus leveleve Uyeda, Drewes, and Zimkus, 2007
  • Phrynobatrachus liberiensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1927
  • Phrynobatrachus mababiensis FitzSimons, 1932
  • Phrynobatrachus maculiventris Guibé and Lamotte, 1958
  • Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis (Angel, 1940)
  • Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
  • Phrynobatrachus mbabo Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
  • Phrynobatrachus minutus (Boulenger, 1895)
  • Phrynobatrachus nanus (Ahl, 1925)
  • Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849)
  • Phrynobatrachus njiomock Zimkus and Gvoždík, 2013
  • Phrynobatrachus ogoensis (Boulenger, 1906)
  • Phrynobatrachus pakenhami Loveridge, 1941
  • Phrynobatrachus pallidus Pickersgill, 2007
  • Phrynobatrachus parkeri De Witte, 1933
  • Phrynobatrachus parvulus (Boulenger, 1905)
  • Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus Boulenger, 1898
  • Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides Ahl, 1924
  • Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus Rödel and Ernst, 2002
  • Phrynobatrachus pintoi Hillers, Zimkus, and Rödel, 2008
  • Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Günther, 1858)
  • Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus (Ahl, 1925)
  • Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri Rödel, Onadeko, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
  • Phrynobatrachus rouxi (Nieden, 1912)
  • Phrynobatrachus rungwensis (Loveridge, 1932)
  • Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
  • Phrynobatrachus sandersoni (Parker, 1935)
  • Phrynobatrachus scapularis (De Witte, 1933)
  • Phrynobatrachus scheffleri (Nieden, 1911)
  • Phrynobatrachus schioetzi Blackburn and Rödel, 2011
  • Phrynobatrachus steindachneri Nieden, 1910
  • Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi (Ahl, 1924)
  • Phrynobatrachus stewartae Poynton and Broadley, 1985
  • Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis Laurent, 1951
  • Phrynobatrachus taiensis Perret, 1988
  • Phrynobatrachus tanoeensis Kpan, Kouamé, Barej, Adeba, Emmrich, Boateng, and Rödel, 2018
  • Phrynobatrachus tokba (Chabanaud, 1921)
  • Phrynobatrachus ukingensis (Loveridge, 1932)
  • Phrynobatrachus ungujae Pickersgill, 2007
  • Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis Grandison and Howell, 1983
  • Phrynobatrachus versicolor Ahl, 1924
  • Phrynobatrachus villiersi Guibé, 1959
  • Phrynobatrachus werneri (Nieden, 1910)

References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Phrynobatrachidae Laurent, 1941". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  2. "Phrynobatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  3. Blackburn, D. C.; Wake, D. B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
  4. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 507.
  5. Zimkus, B. "Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862". African Amphibians Lifedesk. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  6. Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
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