Ruby Dee

Ruby Dee (October 27, 1922 – June 11, 2014) was an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and civil rights activist.[1] Dee was married to Ossie Davis, with whom she frequently performed until his death in 2005.[2] She received numerous accolades including two Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, a Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award as well as nominations for an Academy Award. She was honored with the National Medal of Arts in 1995, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 2000, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004.

Ruby Dee
Dee in 1972
Born
Ruby Ann Wallace

(1922-10-27)October 27, 1922
DiedJune 11, 2014(2014-06-11) (aged 91)
Resting placeFerncliff Cemetery
Alma materHunter College (1945)
Occupations
  • Actress
  • poet
  • playwright
  • screenwriter
  • journalist
  • activist
Years active1940–2013
Spouses
Frankie Dee Brown
(m. 1941; div. 1945)
    (m. 1948; died 2005)
    Children3, including Guy Davis

    Dee started her career with the American Negro Theatre. She made her Broadway debut in South Pacific (1943). She met her future husband working together on the play Jeb (1946). She originated the Broadway roles of Ruth Younger in Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun (1959) and reprised the role in the 1961 film and Lutiebell Gussie Mae Jenkins in the Ossie Davis play Purlie Victorious (1961) and reprised the role in the 1963 film.

    She made her film debut in That Man of Mine (1946) before landing a leading roles in films such as The Jackie Robinson Story (1950), Edge of the City (1957), Take a Giant Step (1959), and Buck and the Preacher (1972). She also acted in the Ossie Davis film Black Girl (1972), and the Spike Lee films Do the Right Thing (1989) and Jungle Fever (1991). For her performance in American Gangster (2007), Dee was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Female Actor in a Supporting Role.

    Dee received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her roles in The Doctors and the Nurses (1964) and Decoration Day (1990). She was Emmy-nominated for her roles in Roots: The Next Generations (1979), Lincoln (1988), China Beach (1990), and Evening Shade (1993). She also acted in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979), Long Day's Journey into Night (1982), Go Tell It on the Mountain (1985), The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson (1990), The Stand (1994). She voiced Alice the Great in the Nickelodeon series Little Bill from 1994 to 2004.

    Early life and education

    Dee was born on October 27, 1922, in Cleveland, Ohio,[3] the daughter of Gladys (née Hightower) and Marshall Edward Nathaniel Wallace, a cook, waiter and porter.[4] After her mother left the family, Dee's father remarried, to Emma Amelia Benson, a schoolteacher.[5][6][7]

    Dee was raised in Harlem, New York.[8] Prior to attending Hunter College High School, she studied at Public Schools 119 and 136.[9] Then, she went on to graduate from Hunter College with a degree in Romance languages in 1945.[10] She was a member of Delta Sigma Theta.[11]

    Career

    1940–1959: Early acting roles

    Dee by Carl Van Vechten, September 25, 1962

    Dee joined the American Negro Theatre as an apprentice, working with Sidney Poitier, Harry Belafonte, and Hilda Simms.[10] She made her Broadway debut portraying a Native in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific (1943). She played the title role in the Eugene O'Neill play Anna Lucasta.[12] She met her future husband Ossie Davis in the post-World War II play Jeb (1946). That same year she made her first onscreen role was in the musical That Man of Mine (1946). The following film she acted in the crime film The Fight Never Ends (1947).

    She received national recognition for her portrayal of Rachel Robinson in the sports drama film The Jackie Robinson Story (1950).[8] Bosley Crowther of The New York Times praised Dee's performance describing her as "the well restrained sweetheart".[13] Also in 1950 she had an uncredited role in film noir No Way Out directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. She continued acting in films such as the historical crime film The Tall Target (1951), the sports film Go Man Go (1954), the music film St. Louis Blues (1958), and the British drama Virgin Island (1958). During this time she took a role in the film noir Edge of the City (1957) starring alongside John Cassavetes and Sidney Poitier.

    1959–1979: Breakthrough and acclaim

    In 1959 she gained prominence for originating the role of Ruth Younger in the Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun which premiered on Broadway. She acted alongside Sidney Poitier and Louis Gossett Jr.. The play was the first play written by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway. She reprised the role in the 1961 film of the same name. She returned to Broadway in the Ossie Davis satirical farce Purlie Victorious (1961) portraying Lutiebell Gussie Mae Jenkins. Howard Taubman of The New York Times wrote of Dee's performance, "[she] has been treated generously. As Lutiebell she has enough humor and charm to make one envy Purlie Victorious that she is eager disciple".[14] She acted opposite her husband Ossie Davis and Alan Alda in his acting debut. They reprised their roles of the 1963 film entitled, Gone Are the Days! which was produced by Brock Peters and directed by Nicholas Webster.

    Her career in acting crossed all major forms of media over a span of eight decades, including the films A Raisin in the Sun, in which she recreated her stage role as a suffering housewife in the projects, and Edge of the City. She played both roles opposite Poitier.[10] She received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie for her role on The Doctors and the Nurses (1964). In 1965, Dee performed in lead roles at the American Shakespeare Festival as Kate in The Taming of the Shrew and Cordelia in King Lear, becoming the first black actress to portray a lead role in the festival. In 1963 she acted in the film The Balcony with Shelley Winters, Peter Falk, Lee Grant, and Leonard Nimoy. She then acted in the film noir The Incident (1967), the drama film Uptight (1968), and the documentary King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis (1970).

    Left to right: Ely Landau, Ruby Dee, Paul Newman, and Sidney Lumet at the King: A Filmed Record (1970)

    In 1969, Dee appeared in 20 episodes of Peyton Place.[8] She acted in Ossie Davis' films Black Girl (1972) and Countdown at Kusini (1976) and the Western film Buck and the Preacher with Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte. She appeared as Cora Sanders, a Marxist college professor, in season 1, episode 14 of Police Woman, entitled "Target Black" which aired on Friday night, January 3, 1975. The character of Cora Sanders was obviously, but loosely, influenced by the real-life Angela Davis. She appeared in one episode of The Golden Girls' sixth season. She played Queen Haley in the miniseries Roots: The Next Generations (1979) for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie.[8] She acted in the CBS television film I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979) based off the Maya Angelou autobiography of the same name.

    1980–2014

    Dee with Congressman David Scott in 2006

    Dee was nominated for eight Emmy Awards, winning once for her role in the 1990 TV film Decoration Day. She was nominated for her television guest appearance in the China Beach episode, "Skylark". Her husband Ossie Davis (1917–2005) also appeared in the episode. She appeared in Spike Lee's 1989 film Do the Right Thing, and his 1991 film Jungle Fever.[8] She starred in the television films portraying Mary Tyrone in Long Day's Journey into Night (1982) and Mrs. Grimes in Go Tell It on the Mountain (1985). Dee returned to Broadway in the play Checkmates written by Ron Milner. She acted alongside Denzel Washington, Paul Winfield and Marsha Jackson. In 1990 she portrayed Zora Neale Hurston in Zora Is My Name! and played Jackie Robinson's mother in The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson. That same year she earned a Primetime Emmy Award for her role in Decoration Day (1990). She played Mother Abagail Freemantle in the Stephen King miniseries The Stand (1994). She collaborated with comedian Bill Cosby acting in both Cosby in 1998 and voicing Alice the Great in the Nickelodeon animated series Little Bill from 1999 to 2004. The next year she and Davis were awarded the National Medal of Arts from President Bill Clinton.[15]

    In 2003, she narrated a series of WPA & slave narratives in the HBO film Unchained Memories. They were also recipients of the 2004 Kennedy Center Honors. In 2007 the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album was shared by Dee and Ossie Davis for With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together, and former President Jimmy Carter.[10][16] Dee portrayed Mama Lucas in the Ridley Scott directed crime film American Gangster (2007). Dee acted alongside Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe. For her performance she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress losing to Tilda Swinton for her role in the legal thriller Michael Clayton (2007). She won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role for the same performance. At 85 years of age, Dee is currently the third oldest nominee for Best Supporting Actress, behind Gloria Stuart and Judi Dench (both 87).[17]

    On February 12, 2009, Dee joined the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College orchestra and chorus, along with the Riverside Inspirational Choir and NYC Labor Choir, in honoring Abraham Lincoln's 200th birthday at the Riverside Church in New York City. Under the direction of Maurice Peress, they performed Earl Robinson's The Lonesome Train: A Music Legend for Actors, Folk Singers, Choirs, and Orchestra, in which Dee was the narrator.[18] Dee's last role in a theatrically released film was in the Eddie Murphy comedy A Thousand Words, in which she portrayed the mother of Murphy's protagonist. In 2013 she narrated the Lifetime film Betty & Coretta starring Angela Bassett and Mary J. Blige. Her final film role is in 1982, which premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival[19] and was released on home video on March 1, 2016.[20] It is unknown whether her final role will ever be seen, as King Dog was in production at the time of her death,[21] and no release date has ever been announced.

    Personal life

    Marriage

    Ruby Wallace married blues singer Frankie Dee Brown in 1941, and began using his middle name as her stage name. The couple divorced in 1945.[10] Three years later she married actor Ossie Davis, whom she met while costarring in Robert Ardrey's 1946 Broadway play Jeb.[22] Together, Dee and Davis wrote an autobiography in which they discussed their political activism and their decision to have an open marriage (later changing their views).[23][24] Together they had three children: son, blues musician Guy Davis, and two daughters, Nora Day and Hasna Muhammad. Dee was a breast cancer survivor of more than three decades.[25] In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Dee's name and picture.[26]

    Political activism

    Dee and Davis were well-known civil rights activists in the Civil Rights Movement.[27] Dee was a member of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Delta Sigma Theta sorority, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She was also as an active member of the Harlem Writers Guild for over 40 years. In 1963, Dee emceed the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.[28] Dee and Davis were both personal friends of both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, with Davis giving the eulogy at Malcolm X's funeral in 1965.[29] In 1970, she won the Frederick Douglass Award from the New York Urban League.[8] In 1999, Dee and Davis were arrested at 1 Police Plaza, the headquarters of the New York Police Department, protesting the police shooting of Amadou Diallo.[30]

    In early 2003, The Nation published "Not in Our Name", an open proclamation vowing opposition to the impending US invasion of Iraq. Ruby Dee and Ossie Davis were among the signatories, along with Robert Altman, Noam Chomsky, Susan Sarandon, and Howard Zinn, among others. In November 2005, Dee was awarded – along with her late husband – the Lifetime Achievement Freedom Award, presented by the National Civil Rights Museum located in Memphis. Dee, a long-time resident of New Rochelle, New York, was inducted into the New Rochelle Walk of Fame which honors the most notable residents from throughout the community's 325-year history. She was also inducted into the Westchester County Women's Hall of Fame on March 30, 2007, joining such other honorees as Hillary Clinton and Nita Lowey.[31] In 2009, she received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Princeton University.[16][32]

    Death

    Dee died on June 11, 2014, at her home in New Rochelle, New York, from natural causes at the age of 91.[33] In a statement, Gil Robertson IV of the African-American Film Critics Association said, "the members of the African American Film Critics Association are deeply saddened at the loss of actress and humanitarian Ruby Dee. Throughout her seven-decade career, Dee embraced different creative platforms with her various interpretations of black womanhood and also used her gifts to champion for Human Rights."[8]

    "She very peacefully surrendered", said her daughter Nora Day. "We hugged her, we kissed her, we gave her our permission to go. She opened her eyes. She looked at us. She closed her eyes, and she set sail." Following her death, the marquee on the Apollo Theater read: "A TRUE APOLLO LEGEND RUBY DEE 1922–2014".[34]

    Dee was cremated, and her ashes are held in the same urn as that of Davis, with the inscription "In this thing together".[10] A public memorial celebration honoring Dee was held on September 20, 2014, at the Riverside Church in Upper Manhattan.[35] Their shared urn was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.[36]

    Acting credits

    Filmography

    Ruby Dee and Joel Fluellen (center) in
    The Jackie Robinson Story (1950)
    Year Title Role Note
    1946That Man of Mine[8]JoanFirst film
    1947Easy to Get[37]Drugstore girlU.S. Army venereal disease training film
    The Fight Never Ends[38]Jane
    1948What a Guy[38]
    1950The Jackie Robinson StoryRae Robinson
    No Way OutConnie BrooksUncredited
    1951The Tall TargetRachel
    1954Go, Man, Go!Irma Jackson
    1957Edge of the CityLucy Tyler
    1958St. Louis BluesElizabeth
    Virgin IslandRuth
    1959Take a Giant StepChristine
    1961A Raisin in the SunRuth Younger
    1963The BalconyThief
    Gone Are the Days!Lutiebelle Gussie Mae Jenkins
    1967The IncidentJoan Robinson
    1968Up Tight!Laurie
    1970King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to MemphisHerselfDocumentary
    1972Buck and the PreacherRuth
    Black GirlNetta's Mother
    1973WattstaxHerself
    1975Lorraine Hansberry: The Black Experience in the Creation of Drama[39]HerselfShort
    1976Countdown at Kusini[40]Leah Matanzima
    1980The Torture of Mothers[38]Short
    1982Cat PeopleFemale
    1989Do the Right ThingMother Sister
    1990Love at LargeCorrine Dart
    1991Jungle FeverLucinda Purify
    1993Color AdjustmentNarratorDocumentary
    Cop and a HalfRachel
    1995Just CauseEvangeline
    Tuesday Morning Ride[41]JennieShort
    1997A Simple WishHortense
    1998A Time to Dance: The Life and Work of Norma CannerNarratorDocumentary[40]
    1999Baby Geniuses[40]Margo
    The Unfinished Journey[42]NarratorShort
    2003Beah: A Black Woman SpeaksHerselfDocumentary
    2006No. 2Nanna Maria
    The Way Back HomeMaude
    2007All About Us[40]Ms. Ella
    American GangsterMama Lucas
    SteamDoris
    2009The Perfect Age of Rock 'n' Roll[40]Miss Candy
    The New Neighbors[43]NarratorShort
    2010Dream StreetLaura[44]
    2011Video GirlValerie[45]
    Politics of Love[40]Grandma 'Estelle' Roseanne Gupta
    Red & Blue Marbles[40]Professor June Wright
    2012Long Distance Revolutionary: A Journey With Mumia Abu-JamalHerself[46]
    A Thousand WordsAnnie McCall[40]
    20131982Rose BrownFinal role

    Television

    Year Title Role Note
    1960–1961Play of the WeekLila / Jane2 episodes
    1961Frontiers of Faith[47]Grace GilmoreEpisode: "The Bitter Cup"
    1962Seven Times Monday[47]LilaTV movie
    1963Alcoa PremiereIrene ClaytonEpisode: "Impact of an Execution"
    1963The Doctors and the NursesJenny BishopEpisode: "Express Stop from Lenox Avenue"
    1963The Fugitive[47] Laura Smith Episode: "Decision in the Ring"
    1963The Great Adventure[47] Harriet Tubman Episode: "Go Down, Moses"
    1963East Side West Side Marilyn Marsden Episode: "No Hiding Place"
    1964Of Courtship and Marriage[47] TV movie
    1965The DefendersCatherine CollinsEpisode: "The Sworn Twelve"
    1966Armchair TheatreVicky KingsburyEpisode: "Neighbours"
    1967Guiding LightMartha FrazierCast member[47]
    1968–1969Peyton Place Alma Miles 25 episodes
    1969The Bold Ones: The ProtectorsLucindaEpisode: "Deadlock"[47]
    1970Sesame Street Herself
    1971The Sheriff[47] Sue Ann Lucas TV movie
    1973TenaflyJan LennoxEpisode: "The Window That Wasn't"
    1974It's Good to Be Alive[47] Ruth Campanella TV movie
    1975Police WomanCora SandersEpisode: "Target Black"
    1978Watch Your MouthMrs. FulloEpisode: "The Outcast"
    1979Roots: The Next GenerationsQueen HaleyMiniseries[47]
    1979I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings[47] Grandmother Baxter TV movie
    1980All God's Children[47] Irene Whitfield TV movie
    1980–1982With Ossie and Ruby![47] Herself
    1982Long Day's Journey into Night Mary Tyrone TV movie
    1985Go Tell It on the Mountain Mrs. Grimes TV movie
    1985The Atlanta Child MurdersFaye WilliamsMiniseries
    1987Spenser: For HireEleanor SimpsonEpisode: "Personal Demons"
    1987Crown DickJohnson's MotherTV movie
    1988Windmills of the Gods[47] Dorothy 2 episodes
    1988Gore Vidal's Lincoln[47] Elizabeth Keckley 2 episodes
    1990Zora Is My Name!Zora Neale HurstonTV movie
    1990American Experience Narrator Episode: "Roots of Resistance: The Story of the Underground Railroad"
    1990China BeachRuby Episode: "Skylark"
    1990The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson[47] Jackie's Mother TV movie
    1990The Golden Girls[47] Mammy Watkins Episode: "Wham, Bam, Thank You, Mammy"
    1990Decoration Day[47] Rowena TV movie
    1991Jazztime TaleNarrator[38] TV movie
    1992Middle Ages Estelle Williams 2 episodes
    1993The Ernest Green Story Mrs. Lydia Wilson TV movie
    1993Evening Shade Aurelia Danforth Episode: "They Can't Take That Away from Me"
    1994The StandMother Abagail FreemantleMiniseries
    1994Whitewash[47] Grandmother (voice) TV movie
    1995American MastersNarratorEpisode: "Edgar Allan Poe: Terror of the Soul"
    1996Mr. and Mrs. Loving[47] Sophia TV movie
    1996Captive Heart: The James Mink Story Indigo TV movie
    1998The Wall[47] Mrs. Mitchell TV movie
    1998Promised Land Alicia Episode: "Baptism of Fire"
    1998Cosby Mattie Episode: "Ol' Betsy"
    1999–2004Little BillAlice the Great (voice) 47 episodes
    1999Passing Glory Mommit Porter TV movie
    1999Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years Bessie Delany TV movie
    1999Touched by an AngelLaBelle SpringbeltEpisode: "The Christmas Gift"
    2000A Storm in Summer[47] Grandmother TV movie
    2000Finding Buck McHenry[47] Mrs. Henry TV movie
    2000Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child Grandma (voice) Episode: "The Steadfast Tin Soldier"
    2001Between the Lions Woodcutter's Wife Episode: "Bug Beard"
    2001The Feast of All SaintsElsie ClaviereMiniseries
    2001Taking Back Our Town[47] Emelda West TV movie
    2004Fatherhood Louise (voice) Episode: "It's a Dad, Dad World"
    2005Their Eyes Were Watching God Nanny TV movie
    2007CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Mary Wilson Episode: "Empty Eyes"
    2008Meet Mary Pleasant Herself TV movie
    2009America Mrs. Harper TV movie
    2013Betty & CorettaNarratorTV movie[48]

    Theatre

    Awards and nominations

    Year Awards Category Nominated work Result Ref.
    1961 National Board of Review Awards Best Supporting Actress A Raisin in the Sun Won [50]
    1964 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role The Doctors and the Nurses Won [47]
    1971 Drama Desk Awards Outstanding Performance Boesman and Lena Won [51]
    Obie Awards Best Performance by an Actress Won [51][22]
    1973 Drama Desk Awards Outstanding Performance Wedding Band Won [22]
    1979 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special Roots: The Next Generations Nominated [51]
    1988 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special Lincoln Nominated [51]
    American Theater Hall of Fame Induction Herself Won [52]
    1990 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series China Beach (Episode: "Skylark") Nominated [51]
    1991 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie Decoration Day Won [10]
    Women in Film Crystal Award Herself Won [53]
    1993 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Evening Shade Nominated [51]
    1995 United States Congress National Medal of Arts Herself Won [51]
    Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program Whitewash Nominated [47]
    1997 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie or Mini-Series Captive Heart: The James Mink Story Nominated [54]
    2000 Screen Actors Guild Awards Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award Herself Won [55]
    NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie or Mini-Series Having Our Say Nominated
    2001 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program Little Bill Nominated [56]
    2002 Lucille Lortel Awards Outstanding Actress Saint Lucy's Eyes Nominated [51]
    2003 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program Little Bill Nominated [57]
    Women in Film and Television International Women in Film & Video-DC Women of Vision Awards Herself Won [58]
    2007 Grammy Awards Best Spoken Word Album(tied with Jimmy Carter) With Ossie and Ruby Won [10][59]
    2008 African–American Film Critics Awards Best Supporting Actress American Gangster Won [60]
    NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Nominated [61]
    Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role Won [28][61]
    Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated [10]
    Satellite Awards Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated [62]
    Academy Awards Best Actress in a Supporting Role Nominated [51]
    Eleanor Roosevelt Center at Val-Kill The Eleanor Roosevelt Val-Kill Medal Award Herself Won [63]
    NAACP Spingarn Medal Won [64]
    2010 Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie or Miniseries America Nominated [65]
    NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie or Mini-Series Nominated [66]

    Discography

    • The Original Read-In for Peace in Vietnam (Folkways Records, 1967)[67]
    • The Poetry of Langston Hughes (with Ossie Davis. Caedmon Records, no date, TC 1272)[68]
    • Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (with George Grizzard. Caedmon Records, 1970, TC 1324)
    • Tough Poems For Tough People (with Ossie Davis and Henry Braun. Caedmon Records, 1972, TC 1396)
    • To Make A Poet Black: The best poems of Countee Cullen (with Ossie Davis. Caedmon Records, 1971, TC 1400
    • To Be A Slave (with Ossie Davis. Caedmon Records, 1972, TC 2066)
    • The Lost Zoo (Caedmon Records, 1978, TC 1539)
    • Why Mosquitoes Buzz In People's Ears and Other Tales (with Ossie Davis. Caedmon Records, 1978, TC 1592)
    • What if I am a Woman?, Vol. 1: Black Women's Speeches (Folkways, 1977)[69]
    • What if I am a Woman?, Vol. 2: Black Women's Speeches (Folkways, 1977)[70]
    • Every Tone a Testimony (Smithsonian Folkways, 2001)[71]
    • American Short Stories, Vol 2, Various Artists (eav Lexington, no date, LE 7703)
    • American Short Stories, Vol 3, Various Artists (eav Lexington, no date, LE 7704)
    • I've got a name, Various Artists (Holt's Impact, 1968, CSM 662)
    • At your own risk, Various Artists (Holt's Impact, 1968, CSM 663)
    • Conflict, Various Artists (Holt's Impact, 1969, CSM 816)
    • Sight lines, Various Artists (Holt's Impact, 1970, SBN 03-071525-3)
    • Roses & Revolutions, Various Artists (D.S.T. Telecommunications, Inc., Production, 1975)
    • New Dimensions in Music (with John Cullum. CBS Records, 1976, P 13161)

    Bibliography

    • Davis, Ossie; Ruby Dee (1984). Why Mosquitos Buzz in People's Ears (Audio Cassette). Caedmon. ISBN 978-0-694-51187-7.
    • Dee, Ruby (1986). My One Good Nerve: Rhythms, Rhymes, Reasons. Third World Press. ISBN 0-88378-114-X.
    • Davis, Ossie; Dee, Ruby (1998). With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together. William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-15396-0.

    See also

    • List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees

    References

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    2. Oscar-Nominated Actress Ruby Dee Dies at 91 Carmel Dagan. Variety. June 12, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2016
    3. "Ruby Dee marks 90th birthday with new documentary about her illustrious life with late husband Ossie Davis", New York Daily News, November 13, 2012.
    4. Watson, Elwood (December 5, 2013). "Dee, Ruby Ann Wallace (1924-2014)". BlackPast.org. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
    5. Davis, Ossie; Dee, Ruby (1998). "Ruby Is Born at Seven". With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together. William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-17582-1. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
    6. Gates, Henry Louis (2005). Arts and Letters: An A-To-Z Reference of Writers, Musicians, and Artists of the African American Experience. Running Press. ISBN 0-7624-2042-1.
    7. Lyman, Darryl (2005). Great African-American Women. Jonathan David Company, Inc. ISBN 0-8246-0459-8.
    8. "Screen, stage legend Ruby Dee dies at 91". CNN. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    9. "Talented Ruby Dee Plays the Wife of Neurosurgeon in 'Peyton Place'". Schnectady Gazette. September 1968. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
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    11. Delta Sigma Theta website Archived October 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
    12. Warfield, Polly (March 7, 2001). "Remembering Ruby Dee in Anna Lucasta". Backstage.com. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
    13. Crowther, Bosley (May 17, 1950). "THE SCREEN IN REVIEW; 'Jackie Robinson Story,' With Baseball Star Playing Himself, Is Shown of Astor Theatre". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
    14. "Theatre: 'Purlie Victorious' Romps In". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
    15. Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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    17. "Who are the oldest Oscar nominees?". Yardbarker. February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
    18. "Theriversdechurchny.org". Theriversidechurchny.org. February 1, 2009. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    19. Zeba Blay, "TIFF 2013 Reviews – Tommy Oliver’s Debut ‘1982’ Provides A Platform For Hill Harper To Shine", IndieWire, September 13, 2013.
    20. "VideoETA - 1982 (2015) DVD and Blu-ray". Archived from the original on January 21, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
    21. "Ruby Dee, 'A Raisin in the Sun' actress, dies at 91", Penn Live, June 12, 2014.
    22. Felicia R. Lee (April 20, 1995). "At home with: Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee; Art and Politics: Keeping It All Fresh". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    23. Sheri Stritof; Bob Stritof. "Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee on Open Marriage". About.com. Retrieved January 11, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    24. "Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee on Open Marriage". About.com. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
    25. "Oscar Nominee Ruby Dee Dead at 91 – ABC News". ABC News. October 16, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    26. Wulf, Steve (March 23, 2015). "Supersisters: Original Roster". ESPN. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
    27. The official site of Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee, ossieandruby.com; accessed March 3, 2014.
    28. Mark Kennedy. "Ruby Dee's legacy of activism, acting mourned – Houston Chronicle". Chron.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    29. Davis, Ossie (February 27, 1965). "Malcolm X's Eulogy". The Official Website of Malcolm X. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
    30. "Showbuzz – March 24, 1999". CNN. March 24, 1999. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
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    32. Princeton awards five honorary degrees (news release) News at Princeton. Princeton University. June 2, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2016
    33. NEUMAIER, Joe (June 12, 2014). "Ruby Dee dead at 91". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
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