List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada)

The List of Wildlife Species at Risk currently has more than 800 entries for Canadian wild life species considered vulnerable; including 363 classified as endangered species, —190 threatened species, —235 special concern, and 22 extirpated (no longer found in the wild).[1] About 65 percent of Canada’s resident species are considered "Secure".[2] More than 30 wildlife species have become extinct in the wild since the arrival of European settlers.[3]

The Government of Canada maintains a list of all plant and animal species, or designatable units (DUs) thereof, federally recognized as special concern, threatened, endangered, extirpated, and extinct in Canada under Schedule I of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).[4]

SARA Schedule

Species listed on SARA Schedule I receive federal legal protections under the Act, including the protection of individuals, populations, and their habitat from harm. Listing on Schedule I of the act also mandates the formation of a species recovery team and strategy. The addition of species or DUs to Schedule I is done annually by the Minister of the Environment, based on formal assessment recommendations by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists. COSEWIC assessments and IUCN designations by themselves are not to be confused with actual Schedule I listings as both of the former have no formal legal status in Canada.[2]

Mammals

Extirpated mammals

Endangered mammals

Threatened mammals

Mammals of special concern

Birds

Extirpated birds

Endangered birds

Threatened birds

Birds of special concern

Reptiles

Extirpated reptiles

Endangered reptiles

Threatened reptiles

Reptiles of special concern

Amphibians

Extirpated amphibians

Endangered amphibians

Threatened amphibians

Amphibians of special concern

Fish

Extirpated fish

Endangered fish

  • Acipenser transmontanus — white sturgeon
  • Catostomus catostomus subsp. — Salish sucker
  • Coregonus huntsmani — Atlantic whitefish
  • Coregonus reighardi — shortnose cisco
  • Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Enos Lake stickleback
  • Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Paxton Lake stickleback
  • Gasterosteus sp. — benthic Vananda Creek stickleback
  • Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Enos Lake stickleback
  • Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Paxton Lake stickleback
  • Gasterosteus sp. — limnetic Vananda Creek stickleback
  • Lampetra richardsoni var. marifugaMorrison Creek lamprey
  • Moxostoma hubbsi — copper redhorse
  • Notropis anogenus — pugnose shiner
  • Noturus stigmosus — northern madtom
  • Rhinichthys cataractae subsp. — Nooksack dace
  • Salmo salar (Inner Bay of Fundy populations) — Atlantic salmon
  • Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis — aurora trout

Threatened fish

  • Ammocrypta pellucida — eastern sand darter
  • Anarhichas denticulatus — northern wolffish
  • Anarhichas minor — spotted wolffish
  • Cottus confusus — shorthead sculpin
  • Cottus sp. — Cultus pygmy sculpin
  • Cottus sp. (St. Mary and Milk River populations) — eastslope sculpin
  • Erimyzon sucetta — lake chubsucker
  • Hybognathus argyritis — western silvery minnow
  • Lampetra macrostoma — Vancouver lamprey
  • Lepisosteus oculatus — spotted gar
  • Notropis percobromus — carmine shiner
  • Osmerus spectrum — Lake Utopia dwarf smelt
  • Percina copelandi — channel darterm

Fish of special concern

Arthropods

Extirpated arthropods

Endangered arthropods

  • Apodemia mormo (southern mountain population) — Mormon metalmark
  • Bombus affinis - rusty-patched bumble bee
  • Bombus bohemicus - gypsy cuckoo bumble bee
  • Brychius hungerfordi - Hungerford's crawling water beetle
  • Cicindela patruela - Northern Barrens tiger beetle
  • Coenonympha nipisiquit — maritime ringlet
  • Copablepharon fuscum — sand-verbena moth
  • Erynnis persius persius — eastern Persius duskywing
  • Erynnis martialis - mottled duskywing
  • Euphydryas editha taylori — Taylor's checkerspot
  • Gomphus ventricosus - skillet clubtail
  • Hemileuca sp. - bogbean buckmoth
  • Hesperia ottoe — Ottoe skipper
  • Papaipema aweme — Aweme borer
  • Icaricia saepiolus insulanus — island blue
  • Prodoxus quinquepunctellus — five-spotted bogus yucca moth
  • Satyrium semiluna — half-moon hairstreak
  • Schinia avemensis — gold-edged gem
  • Schinia bimatris — white flower moth
  • Somatochlora hineana - Hine's emerald
  • Stylurus amnicola - riverine clubtail
  • Stylurus laurae - Laura's clubtail
  • Stylurus olivaceus - olive clubtail
  • Tegeticula corruptrix — non-pollinating yucca moth
  • Tegeticula yuccasella — yucca moth

Threatened arthropods

  • Apodemia mormo (prairie population) — Mormon metalmark
  • Euphyes vestris (western population) — dun skipper
  • Hesperia dacotae — Dakota skipper
  • Oarisma poweshiek — Poweshiek skipperling
  • Satyrium behrii columbia — Behr's hairstreak, columbia subspecies

Arthropods of special concern

  • Danaus plexippus — monarch
  • Limenitis weidemeyerii — Weidemeyer's admiral
  • Polites sonora — Sonora skipper

Molluscs

Extirpated molluscs

  • Alasmidonta heterodon — dwarf wedgemussel
  • Cryptomastix devia — Puget Oregonian snail

Endangered molluscs

  • Allogona townsendiana — Oregon forestsnail
  • Epioblasma torulosa rangiana — northern riffleshell
  • Epioblasma triquetra — snuffbox
  • Haliotis kamtschatkana — northern abalone
  • Lampsilis fasciola — wavy-rayed lampmussel
  • Obovaria subrotunda — round hickorynut
  • Physella johnsoni — Banff Springs snail
  • Physella wrighti — hotwater physa
  • Pleurobema sintoxia — round pigtoe
  • Prophysaon coelureum — blue-grey taildropper slug
  • Ptychobranchus fasciolaris — kidneyshell
  • Simpsonaias ambigua — mudpuppy mussel
  • Villosa fabalis — rayed bean

Threatened molluscs

  • Hemphillia dromedarius — dromedary jumping-slug

Molluscs of special concern

  • Gonidea angulata — Rocky Mountain ridged mussel
  • Lampsilis cariosa — yellow lampmussel
  • Nearctula sp. — threaded vertigo
  • Ostrea conchaphila — Olympia oyster

Vascular plants

Extirpated vascular plants

  • Collinsia verna — spring blue-eyed mary
  • Desmodium illinoense — Illinois tick-trefoil

Endangered vascular plants

  • Abronia umbellata — pink sand-verbena
  • Actaea elata — tall bugbane
  • Adiantum capillus-veneris — southern maidenhair fern
  • Agalinis aspera — rough agalinis
  • Agalinis gattingeri — Gattinger's agalinis
  • Agalinis skinneriana — Skinner's agalinis
  • Ammannia robusta — scarlet ammannia
  • Antennaria flagellaris — stoloniferous pussytoes
  • Aristida basiramea — forked three-awned grass
  • balsamorhiza deltoidea — deltoid balsamroot
  • Betula lenta — cherry birch
  • Braya longii — Long's braya
  • Buchnera americana — bluehearts
  • Camissonia contorta — contorted-pod evening-primrose
  • Carex lupuliformis — false hop sedge
  • Carex juniperorum — juniper sedge
  • Castanea dentata — American chestnut
  • Castilleja levisecta — golden paintbrush
  • Chimaphila maculata — spotted wintergreen
  • Cirsium pitcheri — Pitcher's thistle
  • Collomia tenella — slender collomia
  • Coreopsis rosea — pink coreopsis
  • Cryptantha minima — tiny cryptanthe
  • Cypripedium candidum — small white lady's-slipper
  • Drosera filiformis — thread-leaved sundew
  • Eleocharis equisetoides — horsetail spike-rush
  • Epilobium densiflorum — dense spike-primrose
  • Epilobium torreyi — brook spike-primrose
  • Frasera caroliniensis — American columbo
  • Gentiana alba — white prairie gentian
  • Geum peckii — eastern mountain avens
  • Isoetes engelmannii — Engelmann's quillwort
  • Isotria medeoloides — small whorled pogonia
  • Isotria verticillata — large whorled pogonia
  • Juglans cinerea — butternut
  • Juncus kelloggii — Kellogg's rush
  • Lespedeza virginica — slender bush-clover
  • Liparis liliifolia — purple twayblade
  • Lipocarpha micrantha — small-flowered lipocarpha
  • Lotus formosissimus — seaside bird's-foot lotus
  • Lotus pinnatus — bog bird's-foot trefoil
  • Lupinus densiflorus — dense-flowered lupine
  • Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus — prairie lupine
  • Lupinus rivularis — streambank lupine
  • Magnolia acuminata — cucumber tree
  • Meconella oregana — white meconella
  • Microseris bigelovii — coast microseris
  • Minuartia pusilla — dwarf sandwort
  • Morus rubra — red mulberry
  • Opuntia humifusa — eastern prickly pear cactus
  • Orthocarpus barbatus — Grand Coulee owl-clover
  • Orthocarpus bracteosus — rosy owl-clover
  • Panax quinquefolius — American ginseng
  • Pedicularis furbishiae — Furbish's lousewort
  • Phacelia ramosissima — branched phacelia
  • Physematium obtusum — blunt-lobed woodsia
  • Plantago cordata — heart-leaved plantain
  • Platanthera leucophaea — eastern prairie fringed-orchid
  • Platanthera praeclara — western prairie fringed-orchid
  • Polygala incarnata — pink milkwort
  • Psilocarphus brevissimus (southern mountain population) — dwarf woolly-heads
  • Psilocarphus elatior — tall woolly-heads
  • Pycnanthemum incanum — hoary mountain-mint
  • Ranunculus alismifolius var. alismifolius — water-plantain buttercup
  • Rotala ramosior — toothcup
  • Salix jejuna — barrens willow
  • Sanicula arctopoides — bear's-foot sanicle
  • Silene scouleri grandis — coastal Scouler's catchfly
  • Silene spaldingii — Spalding's campion
  • Solidago speciosa — showy goldenrod
  • Stylophorum diphyllum — wood-poppy
  • Symphyotrichum frondosum — short-rayed alkali aster
  • Tephrosia virginiana — Virginia goat's-rue
  • Tonella tenella — small-flowered tonella
  • Trichophorum planifolium — bashful bulrush
  • Trillium flexipes — drooping trillium
  • Triphora trianthophora — nodding pogonia
  • Triphysaria versicolor versicolor — bearded owl-clover
  • Tripterocalyx micranthus — small-flowered sand-verbena
  • Triteleia howellii — Howell's triteleia
  • Viola pedata — bird's-foot violet

Threatened vascular plants

  • Aletris farinosa — colicroot
  • Azolla mexicana — Mexican mosquito-fern
  • Bartonia paniculata paniculata — branched bartonia
  • Braya fernaldii — Fernald's braya
  • Buchloe dactyloides — buffalograss
  • Calochortus lyallii — Lyall's mariposa lily
  • Camassia scilloides — wild hyacinth
  • Carex sabulosa — Baikal sedge
  • Castilleja rupicola — cliff paintbrush
  • Celtis tenuifolia — dwarf hackberry
  • Cephalanthera austiniae — phantom orchid
  • Chenopodium subglabrum — smooth goosefoot
  • Cirsium hillii — Hill's thistle
  • Corydalis scouleri — Scouler's corydalis
  • Dalea villosa var. villosa — hairy prairie-clover
  • Eleocharis tuberculosa — tubercled spike-rush
  • Enemion biternatum — false rue-anemone
  • Eurybia divaricata — white wood aster
  • Gentianopsis virgata subsp. victorinii — Victorin's gentian
  • Gymnocladus dioicus — Kentucky coffee-tree
  • Halimolobos virgata — slender mouse-ear-cress
  • Hydrastis canadensis — goldenseal
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata — water-pennywort
  • Hymenoxys herbacea — lakeside daisy
  • Iris lacustris — dwarf lake iris
  • Iris missouriensis — western blue flag
  • Isoetes bolanderi — Bolander's quillwort
  • Justicia americana — American water-willow
  • Lachananthes caroliniana — redroot
  • Liatris spicata — dense blazing star
  • Limnanthes macounii — Macoun's meadowfoam
  • Lophiola aurea — golden crest
  • Phlox speciosa subsp. occidentalis — showy phlox
  • Polemonium vanbruntiae — van Brunt's Jacob's-ladder
  • Polystichum lemmonii — Lemmon's holly fern
  • Polystichum scopulinum — mountain holly fern
  • Ptelea trifoliata — common hoptree
  • Sabatia kennedyana — Plymouth gentian
  • Salix chlorolepis — green-scaled willow
  • Sanicula bipinnatifida — purple sanicle
  • Sericocarpus rigidus — white-top aster
  • Smilax rotundifolia (Great Lakes plains population) — round-leaved greenbrier
  • Symphyotrichum anticostense — Anticosti aster
  • Symphyotrichum laurentianum — Gulf of St. Lawrence aster
  • Symphyotrichum praealtum — willowleaf aster
  • Symphyotrichum prenanthoides — crooked-stem aster
  • Symphyotrichum sericeum — western silvery aster
  • Tradescantia occidentalis — western spiderwort
  • Vaccinium stamineum — deerberry
  • Viola praemorsa subsp. praemorsa — yellow montane violet, praemorsa subspecies
  • Yucca glauca — soapweed

Vascular plants of special concern

  • Achillea millefolium var. megacephalum — large-headed woolly yarrow
  • Armeria maritima subsp. interior — Athabasca thrift
  • Arnoglossum plantagineum — tuberous Indian-plantain
  • Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum — American hart's-tongue fern
  • Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii — Fernald's milk-vetch
  • Bidens amplissima — Vancouver Island beggarticks
  • Cicuta maculata var. victorinii — Victorin's water-hemlock
  • Clethra alnifolia — sweet pepperbush
  • Deschampsia mackenzieana — Mackenzie hairgrass
  • Dryopteris arguta — coastal wood fern
  • Fraxinus quadrangulata — blue ash
  • Hibiscus moscheutos — swamp rose-mallow
  • Isoetes prototypus — prototype quillwort
  • Juncus caesariensis — New Jersey rush
  • Lilaeopsis chinensis — eastern lilaeopsis
  • Potamogeton hillii — Hill's pondweed
  • Psilocarphus brevissimus (prairie population) — dwarf woolly-heads
  • Psilocarphus elatior (prairie population) — tall woolly-heads
  • Rosa setigera — climbing prairie rose
  • Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila — sand dune short-capsuled willow
  • Salix silicicola — felt-leaf willow
  • Salix turnorii — Turnor's willow
  • Solidago houghtonii — Houghton's goldenrod
  • Solidago riddellii — Riddell's goldenrod
  • Tanacetum huronense var. floccosum — floccose tansy

Mosses

Extirpated mosses

  • Ptychomitrium incurvum — incurved grizzled moss

Endangered mosses

  • Bartramia stricta — rigid apple moss
  • Bryoandersonia illecebra — spoon-leaved moss
  • Entosthodon rubiginosus — rusty cord-moss
  • Fabronia pusilla — silver hair moss
  • Fissidens pauperculus — poor pocket moss
  • Scouleria marginata — margined streamside moss

Threatened mosses

  • Bartramia halleriana — Haller's apple moss
  • Pterygoneurum kozlovii — alkaline wing-nerved moss

Mosses of special concern

  • Bryoerythrophyllum columbianum — Columbian carpet moss
  • Entosthodon fascicularis — banded cord-moss
  • Fissidens exilis — pygmy pocket moss
  • Syntrichia laevipila — twisted oak moss

Lichens

Endangered lichens

  • Erioderma pedicellatum (Atlantic population) — boreal felt lichen
  • Heterodermia sitchensis — seaside centipede lichen

Threatened lichens

  • Leptogium rivulare — flooded jellyskin

Lichens of special concern

  • Erioderma pedicellatum (boreal population) — boreal felt lichen
  • Nephroma occultum — cryptic paw
  • Sclerophora peronella (Nova Scotia population) — frosted glass-whiskers

References

  1. "COSEWIC Annual Report". Species at Risk Public Registry. 2019.
  2. "Wild Species 2000: The General Status of Species in Canada". Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada. Conservation Council (CESCC). 2001.
  3. "Species at Risk in Canada". Hinterland Who's Who. 2010.
  4. "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Species at Risk Act". 12 August 2021.

5. Amtyaz Safi, Hashmi MUA and Smith JP. 2020. A review of distribution, threats, conservation and status of freshwater turtles of Ontario, Canada. Journal of Environmental sciences. 2(1) (2020): 36-41.

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