Summit (meeting)

A summit meeting (or just summit) is an international meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged agenda. Notable summit meetings include those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin during World War II. However, the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until the Geneva Summit (1955).[1] During the Cold War, when American presidents joined with Soviet or Chinese counterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a "summit". The post–Cold War era has produced an increase in the number of "summit" events. Nowadays, international summits are the most common expression for global governance.[2]

Notable summits

World War II conferences

Arab League summits

Earth Summits

G–summits

Group of Six (G6), heads of government
Group of Seven (G7), heads of government
Group of Eight (G8), heads of government
Group of Seven (G7), heads of government
  • 2014 – 40th G7 summit, Brussels
  • 2015 – 41st G7 summit, Schloss Elmau, Bavaria
  • 2016 – 42nd G7 summit, Shima, Mie Prefecture
  • 2017 – 43rd G7 summit, Taormina, Sicily
  • 2018 – 44th G7 summit, La Malbaie, Quebec
  • 2019 – 45th G7 summit, Biarritz, Nouvelle-Aquitaine
  • 2021 – 47th G7 summit, Cornwall, South West England
  • 2022 – 48th G7 summit, Schloss Elmau, Bavaria
  • 2023 – 49th G7 summit, Hiroshima
Group of Twenty, heads of government

European summits

Inter-Korean summits

Millennium Development Goals

South American Summits

Summits of the Americas

UN International conferences on Afghanistan

Soviet Union–United States summits

  • Geneva Summit, July 18–23, 1955
  • Washington and Camp David Summit, September 15, 26–27, 1959
  • Paris Summit, May 16–17, 1960
  • Vienna Summit, June 3–4, 1961
  • Glassboro Summit Conference, June 23 and 25, 1967
  • Moscow Summit (SALT I), May 22–30, 1972
  • Washington Summit, June 18–25, 1973
  • Moscow summit, June 28 – July 3, 1974
  • Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control, November 23–24, 1974
  • Helsinki summit, July 30 and August 2, 1975
  • Vienna summit (SALT II), June 15–18, 1979
  • Geneva Summit, November 19–21, 1985
  • Reykjavík Summit, October 10–12, 1986
  • Washington Summit, December 7–10, 1987
  • Moscow Summit, May 29 – June 1, 1988
  • New York Summit, December 7, 1988
  • Malta Summit, December 2–3, 1989
  • Washington D.C., May 30 – June 3, 1990
  • Helsinki Summit, September 9, 1990
  • Paris Summit, November 19, 1990
  • London Summit, July 17, 1991
  • Moscow Summit (START I), July 30–31, 1991
  • Madrid Summit, October 29–30, 1991

Russia–United States summits

Miscellaneous

See also

References

  1. Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2001). Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts. Routledge. ISBN 9780415141253. Archived from the original on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
  2. "Global Governance Breakthrough: The G20 Summit and the Future Agenda". 2001-11-30. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
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