cataract

From Middle English cataract, cateract, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”).[1][2] Its pathological sense probably came from its alternative sense in Latin, “portcullis”, through French through the notion of “obstruction”, in this case, of vision.[2]

• IPA^(key): /ˈkætəɹækt/

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cataract (plural cataracts)

1. (obsolete) A waterspout.
2. A large waterfall; steep rapids in a river.

   The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.

3. A flood of water.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

4. (figuratively) An overwhelming downpour or rush.

   His cataract of eloquence

   • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Revival.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 156:

     The palace bang’d, and buzz’d and clackt, / And all the long-pent stream of life / Dash’d downward in a cataract.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter I, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     Were Niagara but a cataract of sand, would you travel your thousand miles to see it?

   • 2022 May 19, James Verini, “Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv”, in The New York Times Magazine‎:

     As if on cue came a cataract of explosions. She turned on her heel and scurried back to the courtyard and down into the school’s basement. The dirt floor, low ceiling and unfinished stone walls were barely illuminated by candles and a dim string of green decorative lights.

5. (pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.
   • 1999, J. J. Gallo; J. Busby-Whitehead; W. Reichel; P. V. Rabins; R. A. Silliman, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, page 563:

     Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.

• cataract on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• List of waterfalls by type § Cataract on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• katarakt (superseded)

From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).

• IPA^(key): /ˌkaː.taːˈrɑkt/

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• Hyphenation: ca‧ta‧ract
• Rhymes: -ɑkt

cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)

1. cataract, waterfall
2. (pathology) cataract

• (waterfall): waterval
• (cataract disease): grauwe staar

• Afrikaans: katarak
• → Indonesian: katarak

• cateract, cataracta, cataracte, catheracte, catharacte, catharacta, catterak, catarac

From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkatərakt(ə)/, /ˈkatərak/, /ˈkatəraktaː/

cataract (plural cateractes)

1. (medicine) cataract
2. (Christianity) A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven.

• English: cataract
• Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)

• “cataracte, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-20.