gorfod

Welsh

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡɔrvɔd/
    • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡɔrɔd/, /ˈɡɔrɔ/
  • (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡɔrvɔd/
    • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡɔrfɔd/, /ˈɡɔfɔd/, /ˈɡɔfɔ/

Verb

gorfod (first-person singular present gorfyddaf)

  1. (transitive) to have to, must

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gorfydda i, gorfyddaf i gorfyddi di gorfydd o/e/hi gorfyddwn ni gorfyddwch chi gorfyddan nhw
conditional gorfyddwn i, gorfyddswn i gorfyddet ti, gorfyddset ti gorfyddai fo/fe/hi, gorfyddsai fo/fe/hi gorfydden ni, gorfyddsen ni gorfyddech chi, gorfyddsech chi gorfydden nhw, gorfyddsen nhw
preterite gorfues i gorfuest ti gorfuodd o/e/hi gorfuon ni gorfuoch chi gorfuon nhw
imperative — gorfydda — — gorfyddwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • gorfodi (“force, constrain, compel”)
  • gorfodaeth (“force, enforcement, compulsion”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
gorfod orfod ngorfod unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorfod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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