gratter
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁa.te/
Audio (file)
Verb
gratter
Conjugation
Conjugation of gratter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gratter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | grattant /ɡʁa.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gratté /ɡʁa.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattes /ɡʁat/ |
gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattons /ɡʁa.tɔ̃/ |
grattez /ɡʁa.te/ |
grattent /ɡʁat/ |
| imperfect | grattais /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattais /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattait /ɡʁa.tɛ/ |
grattions /ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/ |
grattiez /ɡʁa.tje/ |
grattaient /ɡʁa.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | grattai /ɡʁa.te/ |
grattas /ɡʁa.ta/ |
gratta /ɡʁa.ta/ |
grattâmes /ɡʁa.tam/ |
grattâtes /ɡʁa.tat/ |
grattèrent /ɡʁa.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | gratterai /ɡʁa.tʁe/ |
gratteras /ɡʁa.tʁa/ |
grattera /ɡʁa.tʁa/ |
gratterons /ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/ |
gratterez /ɡʁa.tʁe/ |
gratteront /ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gratterais /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterais /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterait /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ |
gratterions /ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gratteriez /ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/ |
gratteraient /ɡʁa.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattes /ɡʁat/ |
gratte /ɡʁat/ |
grattions /ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/ |
grattiez /ɡʁa.tje/ |
grattent /ɡʁat/ |
| imperfect2 | grattasse /ɡʁa.tas/ |
grattasses /ɡʁa.tas/ |
grattât /ɡʁa.ta/ |
grattassions /ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
grattassiez /ɡʁa.ta.sje/ |
grattassent /ɡʁa.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gratte /ɡʁat/ |
— | grattons /ɡʁa.tɔ̃/ |
grattez /ɡʁa.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “gratter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norman
Etymology
From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.
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