upe

upe

1. that

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian upe and Lithuanian upė.

• IPA^(key): [ˈupʲæ]
• Hyphenation: u‧pe

upe f (diminutive upeite)

1. river

• M. Bukšs; J. Placinskis (1973) Latgaļu volūdas gramatika un pareizraksteibas vōrdneica, Latgaļu izdevnīceiba, page 129
• A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 18

In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upìs, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.[1]

upe f (5th declension)

1. (geography) river (permanent watercourse)

   strauja, lēna upe ― fast, slow river

   kalnu, līdzenumu upe ― mountain, lowland river

   upes gultne ― riverbed

   upes ieleja ― river valley

   upes baseins ― river basin

   upju sistēma ― river system

   upes pietekas ― river tributaries

   upes ieteka, grīva ― river estuary, mouth

   upes izteka ― river source, headwaters

   upes augštece, lejtece ― upriver, downriver

   upju transports ― fluvial transportation

   upju kuģniecība ― river lines

• (upè) IPA^(key): [ʊˈpʲɛ]
• (ùpe) IPA^(key): [ˈʊpʲɛ]

upè f

1. instrumental singular of upė

ùpe f

1. vocative singular of upė

upe

1. inflection of upar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative