heuristics
(noun)
 A mental shortcut that may not always yield desired results.
Examples of heuristics in the following topics:
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Analyzing the Options- These thinking patterns, known as heuristics, can help us in many situations.
- For example, in judging distance our minds rely on a heuristic that associate clearness with closeness.
- But some heuristics can muddle our thinking with biases and irrational preferences.
 
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Observation: Framing the Problem- Framing is so effective because it is a heuristic, or a mental shortcut that may not always yield desired results and is seen as a "rule of thumb. " .
 
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Introduction to What the Reformer is Up Against- ', The New York Times) For example, we are generally more averse to losses than gains and we repeatedly use short cuts to solve problems (a process called heuristics).