extracellular matrix

Examples of extracellular matrix in the following topics:

• Biofilms

  • These cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
  • Biofilm EPS, also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  • Enzymes that degrade the biofilm extracellular matrix, such as dispersin B and deoxyribonuclease, may play a role in biofilm dispersal.
  • Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes may be useful as anti-biofilm agents.
  • One benefit of this environment is increased resistance to detergents and antibiotics, as the dense extracellular matrix and the outer layer of cells protect the interior of the community.

• Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

  • They are characterized by structural heterogeneity, genetic diversity, complex community interactions, and an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances.
  • They live on solid surfaces (e.g., catheters, ) and the extracellular material they produce protects them from external threats, such as attacks by the body's immune cells.

• Injuring the Plasma Membrane

  • It serves as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton.
  • The plasma membrane also plays a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to provide shape to the cell and in attaching to the extracellular matrix and other cells to help group cells together to form tissues .

• Pili and Pilus Assembly

  • Other fimbriae bind to components of the extracellular matrix.

• Extracellular Immune Avoidance

  • These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
  • Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides.

• Biofilms and Infections

  • These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
  • Dental plaque is a biofilm that adheres to teeth surfaces and consists of bacterial cells, salivary polymers, and bacterial extracellular products.

• Starvation-Induced Fruiting Bodies

  • Individuals benefit from aggregation as it allows accumulation of extracellular enzymes which are used to digest food that increases feeding efficiency.
  • This behavior facilitates predatory feeding, as the concentration of extracellular digestive enzymes secreted by the bacteria increases.

• The Deltaproteobacteria

  • Individuals benefit from aggregation as it allows accumulation of extracellular enzymes which are used to digest food.

• Macrophages

  • Where a pathogen is involved, they are commonly preceded by neutrophils, which release a range of toxic agents designed to kill extracellular pathogens.

• Alteration of Membrane Permeability

  • The periplasm contains the peptidoglycan layer and also many proteins responsible for substrate binding or hydrolysis and the reception of extracellular signals.
  • Na+) to travel through unrestricted and thereby destroy the ion gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular environment.