pronation

(noun)

The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned down or back.

Related Terms

Examples of pronation in the following topics:

  • Muscles of the Humerus that Act on the Forearm

    • Pronator Teres - A rectangular muscle located in the superficial region of the anterior compartment.
    • Attachments - The pronator teres has two origins, one on the proximal end of the humerus and one of the distal end of the ulna.
    • Pronator Quadratus - A square shaped muscle located adjacent to the wrist in the deep region of the anterior compartment.
    • Action - Moves the ulna during pronation and extends the forearm at the elbow.
    • Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres of the forearm.

  • Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

    • These muscles are generally responsible for flexing of the wrist and fingers and pronation of the forearm.
    • Attachments - The pronator teres has two origins, one on the proximal end of the humerus and one of the distal end of the ulna.
    • Pronator quadratus - A square-shaped muscle located adjacent to the wrist.
    • Actions - Moves the ulna during pronation and extends the forearm at the elbow.

  • Ulna and Radius (The Forearm)

    • The shaft of the ulna is triangular and numerus muscles involved in pronation and flexion of the forearm attach to its surface.

  • Stability and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints

    • Certain joints exhibit special movements including elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition.

  • Assessing CNS Disorders

  • Tennis Elbow, Little-League Elbow, and Dislocation of the Radial Head

    • Nursemaid's elbow or pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated arm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child, or swinging the child by the arms during play.
    • This causes significant pain, partial limitation of flexion/extension of the elbow, and total loss of pronation/supination in the affected arm.

  • Shin Splint Syndrome

    • Over-the-counter orthosis help with excessive foot pronation, and mal-alignments may benefit from custom orthotics.