1920 in film
The year 1920 in film involved some significant events.
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Years in film |
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19th century |
1870s |
Top-grossing films (U.S.)
The top three films released in 1920 by U.S. gross are as follows:
Rank | Title | Studio | Domestic rentals |
---|---|---|---|
1 | The Mark of Zorro | United Artists | $2,500,000[1] |
2 | Way Down East | $2,000,000[2] | |
3 | Passion (Madame DuBarry) | UFA/First National Pictures | $1,000,000[2] |
Events
- March 28 – "America's Sweetheart" Mary Pickford and "Everybody's Hero" Douglas Fairbanks marry, becoming the first supercouple of Hollywood.
- August – Jack Cohn, Joe Brandt and Harry Cohn form C. B. C. Film Sales Corporation[3] which would later become Columbia Pictures.[4]
- August 15 – Robert J. Flaherty arrives in northern Canada to begin filming Nanook of the North (1922).
- November 27 – The Mark of Zorro, starring Douglas Fairbanks, opens.
Notable films released in 1920
Austria
- For a complete list see: List of Austrian films of the 1920s
- Anita (aka Trance), directed by Luise Kolm and Jakob Fleck; an obscure adaptation of George Du Maurier's novel Trilby[5]
- Boccaccio, directed by Michael Curtiz.
- The Prince and the Pauper directed by Alexander Korda.
- The Scourge of God directed by Michael Curtiz.
- The Star of Damascus directed by Michael Curtiz.
France
- For a complete list see: French films of 1920
- Barrabas, a 12-chapter serial/ crime drama directed by Louis Feuillade
- The Man Who Sold His Soul to the Devil, directed by Pierre Caron [6]
- Les Morts qui parlent/ The Dead Who Speak, directed by Pierre Marodon[7]
- Narayana (translates as Vishnu), directed by Leon Poirier, starring Laurence Myrga and Edmon Van Daele; based on the 1831 novel "Le Peau de Chagrin" by Honore de Balzac, with some story elements lifted from Wilkie Collins' novel The Moonstone[8]
- The Silence, ghost film directed by Louis Delluc, starring Gabriel Signoret and Eve Francis (Delluc's wife)
Germany
- For a complete list see: List of German films of 1920
- Algol: Tragedy of Power, science fiction film directed by Hans Werckmeister, starring Emil Jannings
- Anna Boleyn directed by Ernst Lubitsch
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari directed by Robert Wiene; starring Werner Krauss, Conrad Veidt and Lil Dagover
- Cagliostro, directed by Reinhold Schuenzel, starred Schuenzel and Conrad Veidt (a lost film)[5][9]
- The Devil Worshippers/ Die Teufelsanbeter, A 6-part serial directed by Marie Louise Droop, starring Carl de Vogt and Bela Lugosi, based on the novel by Carl May
- Evening – Night – Morning (Abend – Nacht – Morgen) directed by F. W. Murnau
- Genuine: A Tale of a Vampire, directed by Robert Wiene, starring Fern Andra; only a 43-minute condensation of the much longer original film exists[10]
- The Golem: How He Came into the World (Der Golem, Wie Er in die Welt Kam), directed by and starring Paul Wegener based on the old Jewish folktale, photographed by Karl Freund
- The Head of Janus (Der Januskopf), directed by F. W. Murnau, starring Conrad Veidt and Bela Lugosi, photographed by Karl Freund; based (without authorization) on the Robert Louis Stevenson novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde[11]
- Hound of the Baskervilles, directed by Willy Zehn, released in two parts (Dr. MacDonald's Sanitorium and The House Without Windows); Willy Keyser-Heyl played Sherlock Holmes[12]
- The House Without Windows, directed by Friedrich Feher, not to be confused with the above Hound of the Baskervilles[13]
- The Hunchback and the Dancer (Der Bucklige und die Tänzerin), directed by F. W. Murnau , photographed by Karl Freund
- Kohlhiesels Töchter (Kohlhiesel's Daughter) directed by Ernst Lubitsch
- Kurfurstendamm, a horror-comedy written and directed by Richard Oswald, starring Conrad Veidt as The Devil, photographed by Carl Hoffmann[14]
- The Last of the Mohicans (Der Letzte der Mohikaner), starring Bela Lugosi
- Nachtgestalten (aka Eleagable Kuperus), directed by Richard Oswald, starring Conrad Veidt and Paul Wegener, photographed by Carl Hoffmann, based on the Karl Hans Strobl short story Eleagable Kuperus[6]
- Satan (Satanas) directed by F. W. Murnau, starred Conrad Veidt, filmed in 1919[15]
- Sumurun (One Arabian Night) directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring Paul Wegener and Pola Negri[16]
- Die Todeskarawane, starring Dora Gerson and Bela Lugosi
- Torgus, the Coffin Maker, directed by Hans Kobe[16]
Hungary
- Lord Arthur Saville's Crime (aka The Mark of the Phantom), written and directed by Paul Fejos, starring Margit Lux, based on the 1891 story by Oscar Wilde
Italy
- The Last of the Borgias, directed by Armando Carbone
- The Power of the Borgias, directed by Luigi Caramba for Medusa Film, starring Irene Saffo-Nomo and Enrico Piacentini
- Spiritism (aka Spiritismo), starring Francesca Bettina [17]
Japan
- Akakabe Myojin/ The Red Wall God, a ghost-cat film directed by Jiro Yoshino for Kokkatsu Films, starring Shirogoro Sawamura
- Arima no neko/ The Cat in Arima, a ghost-cat film directed by Shozo Makino for Nikkatsu Films, starring Matsumosuke Onoe and Sentaro Nakamura
Philippines
- For a complete list see: List of Philippine films before 1940
- La Mariposa Negra directed by Jose Nepomuceno[18]
Sweden
- For a complete list see: Swedish films before 1930
- Erotikon directed by Mauritz Stiller
- Herr och fru Stockholm (How Not to Dress), starring Greta Garbo
- Karin Daughter of Ingmar (Karin Ingmarsdotter) directed by & starring Victor Sjöström
- The Monastery of Sendomir (Klostret i Sendomir) directed by Victor Sjöström
- The Parson's Widow (Prästänkan) directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer
United Kingdom
- For a complete list see: British films of 1920
- At the Villa Rose, directed by Maurice Elvey, based on the 1910 novel by A.E.W. Mason[19]
- The Barton Mystery, directed by Harry (Henry) Roberts, starred Lyn Harding; based on the 1917 stage play by Walter Hackett[20]
- Bleak House directed by Maurice Elvey
- Build Thy House directed by Fred Goodwins, starring Henry Ainley
- Colonel Newcome directed by Fred Goodwins' starring Milton Rosmer, Joyce Carey
- Desire (aka The Magic Skin) directed by George Edwardes-Hall, starring Dennis Neilson-Terry, based on the 1831 novel Le Peau de Chagrin by Honore de Balzac[21]
- Ernest Maltravers directed by Jack Denton; starring Lillian Hall-Davis
- The Ever Open Door directed by Fred Goodwins; starring Hayford Hobbs
- The Face at the Window, directed by Wilfred Noy, starring C. Aubrey Smith and Gladys Jennings, based on the stage play by F. Brooke Warren[22]
- The Fordington Twins directed by W.P. Kellino
- General Post directed by Thomas Bentley; starring Douglas Munro, Lilian Braithwaite
- The Great London Mystery, a 12-chapter serial directed by Charles Raymond for T&P Films, starring David Devant and Lady Doris Stapleton; features a Yellow Peril menace called Ching Ling Fu.
- The Lure of Crooning Water directed by Arthur Rooke; starring Guy Newall and Ivy Duke
- Mr. Gilfil's Love Story directed by A.V. Bramble; starring Mary Odette
- The Price of Silence (aka At the Mercy of Tiberius), directed by Fred Leroy Granville, starring Peggy Hyland and Campbell Gullan [23]
- A Son of David directed by Hay Plumb; starring Ronald Colman
- Trent's Last Case directed by Richard Garrick; starring Gregory Scott, Pauline Peters and Clive Brook
- The Twelve Pound Look directed by Jack Denton; starring Milton Rosmer
- The Yellow Claw, directed by Rene Plaisetty, starring Arthur Cullin and Cyril Percival; based on the 1915 novel by Sax Rohmer featuring a criminal Asian menace named Mr. King.[24]
United States
- For a complete list see: American films of 1920
A
- Along the Moonbeam Trail, contained animated dinosaur sequences by Willis O'Brien[5]
- April Folly, directed by Robert Z. Leonard, starring Marion Davies and Conway Tearle
B
- Black Shadows, directed by Howard M. Mitchell[5]
C
- The Copperhead, directed by Charles Maigne, starring Lionel Barrymore
D
- The Dark Mirror, directed by Charles Giblyn, starring Dorothy Dalton, based on the story by Louis Joseph Vance[20]
- The Devil's Pass Key (lost), directed by Erich von Stroheim, starring Mae Busch
- The Devil to Pay, directed by Ernest C. Warde, based on a 1917 novel by Frances Nimmo Greene[21]
- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, directed by John S. Robertson, starring John Barrymore
- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, directed by J. Charles Haydon, starring Sheldon Lewis[25][26]
- The Dream Cheater, directed by Ernest C. Warde, starring J. Warren Kerrigan, based on the 1831 novel La Peau de chagrin by Honoré de Balzac
F
- The Flapper, directed by Alan Crosland, starring Olive Thomas
G
- The Girl in Number 29 (lost), directed by John Ford, starring Frank Mayo
- Go and Get It, directed by Marshall Neilan and Henry Roberts Symonds[27]
H
- Haunted Spooks, directed by Alfred J. Goulding and Hal Roach, starring Harold Lloyd
- His Brother's Keeper (lost), directed by Wilfred North[12]
- The House of the Tolling Bell, directed by J. Stuart Blackton, starring May McAvoy and Bruce Gordon, based on the novel by Edith Sessions Tupper
- The House of Whispers (lost), directed by Ernest C. Warde, starring J. Warren Kerrigan, based on the 1918 novel by William Andrew Johnston[12][13]
- Huckleberry Finn, directed by William Desmond Taylor, starring Lewis Sargent
I
- If I Were King, directed by J. Gordon Edwards, starring William Farnum
J
- The Jack-Knife Man, directed by King Vidor
- Judy of Rogue's Harbor (lost), directed by William Desmond Taylor, starring Mary Miles Minter
L
- Lady Rose's Daughter (lost), directed by Hugh Ford, starring Elsie Ferguson
- The Last of the Mohicans, directed by Maurice Tourneur and Clarence Brown, starring Wallace Beery and Barbara Bedford
- The Love Flower, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Richard Barthelmess and Carol Dempster
- Love Without Question (lost), directed by B. A. Rolfe, starring Olive tell, based on the 1917 novel The Abandoned Room by Charles Wadsworth Camp [12]
- Luring Shadows, directed by Joseph Levering
M
- The Mark of Zorro, directed by Fred Niblo, starring Douglas Fairbanks, Marguerite De La Motte and Noah Beery Sr.
- The Master Mind, directed by Kenneth Webb, starring Lionel Barrymore[12]
- The Mollycoddle, directed by Victor Fleming, starring Douglas Fairbanks and Wallace Beery
- The Mystery Mind, a 15-chapter serial directed by William S. Davis and Fred Sittenham
N
- Nomads of the North, directed by David Hartford and James Oliver Curwood, starring Lon Chaney, Betty Blythe and Lewis Stone
O
- Old Lady 31, directed by John Ince, starring Emma Dunn
- One Hour Before Dawn, directed by Henry King, starring H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson[6]
- Outside the Law, directed by Tod Browning, starring Priscilla Dean and Lon Chaney
- Over the Hill to the Poorhouse, directed by Harry F. Millarde
P
- The Penalty, directed by Wallace Worsley, starring Lon Chaney, based on the pulp novel by Gouverneur Morris
- The Phantom Foe, a 15-chapter serial directed by Bertram Millhauser, starring Juanita Hansen and Warner Oland[28]
- The Phantom Melody (lost), directed by Douglas Gerrard, starring Monroe Salisbury[17]
- Pollyanna, directed by Paul Powell, starring Mary Pickford
R
- The Restless Sex, directed by Robert Z. Leonard, starring Marion Davies
- Romance (lost), directed by Chester Withey
S
- The Screaming Shadow (lost), a 15-chapter serial directed by Ben F. Wilson and Duke Worne[23]
- Sex, directed by Fred Niblo, starring Louise Glaum
- Shipwrecked Among Cannibals (lost), documentary film directed by William F. Adler
- Something to Think About, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Gloria Swanson
- Stolen Moments, directed by James Vincent, starring Marguerite Namara and Rudolph Valentino
- Suds, directed by John Francis Dillon, starring Mary Pickford
T
- Treasure Island (lost), directed by Maurice Tourneur, starring Lon Chaney and Shirley Mason
W
- Way Down East, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Lillian Gish and Richard Barthelmess
- Within Our Gates, directed by Oscar Micheaux, starring Evelyn Preer
- Why Change Your Wife?, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Gloria Swanson, Thomas Meighan and Bebe Daniels
Animated short film series
The following is a list of animated shorts of the year 1920 that belong to series that lasted several years.
- Felix the Cat (1919–1936)
- A Frolic with Felix (January 25, 1920)
- Felix the Big Game Hunter (February 22, 1920)
- Wrecking a Romeo (March 7, 1920)
- Felix the Food Controller (April 11, 1920)
- Felix the Pinch Hitter (April 18, 1920)
- Foxy Felix (May 16, 1920)
- A Hungry Hoodoo (June 6, 1920)
- The Great Cheese Robbery (June 13, 1920)
- Felix and the Feed Bag (July 18, 1920)
- Nifty Nurse (August 22, 1920)
- The Circus (September 26, 1920)
- My Hero (October 24, 1920)
- Felix the Landlord (November 21, 1920)
- Felix's Fish Story (December 26, 1920)
- Out of the Inkwell (1918–1929)
A major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1918 to 1929 in which it appeared Koko the Clown:
- The Boxing Kangaroo
- The Chinaman
- The Circus
- The Ouija Board
- The Clown's Little Brother
- Perpetual Motion
- Poker
- The Restaurant
Births
- January 7
- Vincent Gardenia, actor (died 1992)[29]
- Witold Sadowy, Polish actor died 2020)[30]
- January 16 - Elliott Reid, American actor (died 2013)
- January 19 - Johnny Haymer, American actor (died 1989)
- January 20
- DeForest Kelley, actor (died 1999)[31]
- Federico Fellini, film director (died 1993)[32]
- January 24 - Jerry Maren, American actor (died 2018)
- January 27 – John Box, production designer, four-time Oscar winner (died 2005)
- January 30
- Michael Anderson, director (died 2018)
- Delbert Mann, director (died 2007)
- February 8 – Bengt Ekerot, Swedish actor and director (died 1971)
- February 11 – Billy Halop, actor (died 1976)
- February 26 – Tony Randall, actor (died 2004)
- February 29 – Michèle Morgan, actress (died 2016)
- March 3 – James Doohan, actor (died 2005)
- March 6 – Lewis Gilbert, director (died 2018)[33]
- March 16 – Leo McKern, actor (died 2002)[34]
- March 19 – Paul Hagen, Danish actor (died 2003)
- March 22
- Werner Klemperer, German actor (died 2000)
- Ross Martin, Polish-American actor (died 1981)
- April 1
- Toshiro Mifune, actor (died 1997)[35]
- Susanna Ramel, Swedish actress (died 2020)
- April 2 – Jack Webb, actor (died 1982)
- April 17 - Arnold Yarrow, retired English actor and screenwriter
- April 20 – Gianrico Tedeschi, actor (died 2020)
- May 2 – Preben Neergaard, Danish actor (died 1990)
- May 7 – Rendra Karno, Indonesian actor (died 1985)
- May 11 – Denver Pyle, actor (died 1997)
- May 16 – Martine Carol, actress (died 1967)
- May 20 – Virginia Vale, actress (died 2006)
- May 26
- May 29 – Clifton James, actor (died 2017)
- June 1 - Alethea McGrath, Australian actress and comedian (died 2016)
- June 12 – Jim Siedow, American actor (died 2003)
- June 13 – Rex Everhart, American actor (died 2000)
- June 15 – Alberto Sordi, Italian actor (died 2003)[38]
- June 17 – Setsuko Hara, Japanese film actress (died 2015)
- June 18 – Ian Carmichael, English stage, film and television actor (died 2010)
- June 29 – Ray Harryhausen, producer, visual effects artist (died 2013)
- July 1 – Harold Sakata, American film actor (died 1982)
- July 5 - Viola Harris, American actress (died 2017)
- July 11 – Yul Brynner, actor (died 1985)[39]
- July 12 – Keith Andes, American actor (died 2005)
- July 16 – Phillip Pine, American actor (died 2006)[40]
- July 28 – Andrew V. McLaglen, film & TV director, son of Victor McLaglen (died 2014)
- July 29 – Rodolfo Acosta, actor (died 1974)
- July 31 – Franca Valeri, actress (died 2020)
- August 6 – Ella Raines, actress (died 1988)
- August 8 - Dominique Marcas, French actress (died 2022)
- August 13 – Neville Brand, actor (died 1992)
- August 17 – Maureen O'Hara, actress (died 2015)
- August 18 – Shelley Winters, actress (died 2006)
- August 22 – Ray Bradbury, writer (died 2012)
- August 30 - Leonid Shvartsman, Russian animator (died 2022)
- August 31
- James Lanphier, American actor (died 1969)
- G. D. Spradlin, American actor (died 2011)
- September 1 - Richard Farnsworth, American actor and stuntman (died 2000)
- September 9 - Ardeshir Kazemi, Iranian actor
- September 18 – Jack Warden, actor (died 2006)
- September 23 – Mickey Rooney, actor (died 2014)
- September 26 – Barbara Britton, actress (died 1980)
- September 27 – William Conrad, actor (died 1994)
- October 1 – Walter Matthau, actor (died 2000)
- October 9 - Jason Wingreen, American actor (died 2015)
- October 10 - Noah Keen, actor (died 2019)
- October 13 – Laraine Day, actress (died 2007)
- October 15 - Mario Puzo, American author and screenwriter (died 1999)
- October 17 – Montgomery Clift, actor (died 1966)
- October 18 – Melina Mercouri, actress (died 1994)
- October 19 - LaWanda Page, American actress and comedian (died 2002)
- October 21
- Hy Averback, actor (died 1997)
- Ruth Terry, actress, singer (died 2016)
- October 22 – Mitzi Green, actress (died 1969)
- October 27 – Nanette Fabray, actress (died 2018)
- October 29 - Hilda Bernard, Argentine actress (died 2022)
- November 10 – Jennifer Holt, actress (died 1997)
- November 13 – Jack Elam, actor (died 2003)
- November 19 – Gene Tierney, actress (died 1991)
- November 21 – Ralph Meeker, actor (died 1988)
- November 25
- Shelagh Fraser, English actress (died 2000)
- Ricardo Montalbán, actor (died 2009)
- Noel Neill, actress (died 2016)
- November 30 – Virginia Mayo, actress (died 2005)
- December 7 – Frances Gifford, actress (died 1994)
- December 29 – Viveca Lindfors, actress (died 1995)
- December 30 – Jack Lord, actor (died 1998)
- December 31 – Rex Allen, American cowboy actor, singer (died 1999)
Deaths
- January 31 – Gilda Langer, 23, German actress
- February 11 – Gaby Deslys, 38, French actress, dancer, singer
- February 17 – Thomas Commerford, 64, American veteran character actor
- March 2 – Harry Solter, 46, American actor
- April 12 – Walter Edwards, 50, American director
- April 25 – Clarine Seymour, 21, American actress
- May 22 – Hal Reid, 59, American actor & director (father of Wallace Reid)
- June 14 – Gabrielle Réjane, 64, stage and film actress
- August 1 – Eugene Gaudio, 33, Italian born cinematographer (brother of Tony Gaudio)
- August 2 – Ormer Locklear, 29, American stunt flier
- August 13 – Gladys Field, 31, actress (died in childbirth)
- August 28 – Suzanne Grandais, 27, French actress
- September 5 – Robert Harron, 27, American actor
- September 10 – Olive Thomas, 25, American actress
- November 19 – Will S. Davis, 38, American film director
- December 9 – Mollie McConnell, 55, American actress
Film debuts
Films set in 1920
There are films released in later years whose plot is developed totally or partially in 1920:
- Manhattan Melodrama (1934)
- Winterset (1936)
- The Road Back (1937)
- Clash of Loyalties (1938)
- Three Comrades (1938)
- Hostile Whirlwinds (1953): Film portrays the first years of Soviet government, biography of Felix Dzerzhinsky in 1918–1921.
- Kappalottiya Thamizhan (1961)
- The Ball of Count Orgel (1970): Set in 1920, the Comte hosts a soirée and dance for the upper echelons of Parisian society.
- Vengeance (1970): The film is set in 1920 Peking, and centers on a revenge plight of Chiang.
- Reds (1981)
- Once Upon a Time in America (1984): David "Noodles" Aaronson struggles as a street kid in Manhattan's Lower East Side in 1920.
- The Man Who Planted Trees (1987)
- A Month in the Country (1987): Set in rural Yorkshire during the summer of 1920, the film follows a destitute World War I veteran employed to carry out restoration work on a Medieval mural discovered in a rural church while coming to terms with the after-effects of the war.
- Life and Nothing But (1989): Set in October 1920, it tells the story of Major Delaplane, a man whose job is to find the identities of unknown dead soldiers after World War I.
- The Treaty (1991): The film is about the Anglo-Irish Treaty that Michael Collins bargained for with the British government in 1921.
- Michael Collins (1996)
- The Image Makers (2000): The drama is set in the year 1920 at Filmstaden where the film director Victor Sjöström is shooting the film The Phantom Carriage.
- The Admiral (2008)
- 1920 film series (2008–2016)
- 1920 (2008)
- 1920: The Evil Returns (2012)
- 1920: London (2016)
- Battle of Warsaw 1920 (2011)
- Sunstroke (2014)
See also
References
- Cohn, Lawrence (October 15, 1990). "All-Time Film Rental Champs". Variety. p. M-172. ISSN 0042-2738.
- "The All Time Best Sellers". International Motion Picture Almanac 1937–38. Quigley Publishing Company. p. 942. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
- "C. B. C. Film Sales: New Independent Organization Formed by Joe Brandt and Jack Cohn". Wid's Daily. August 11, 1920. p. 3. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
- "Obituaries". Variety. March 1, 1939. p. 54.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 108.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 119.
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- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 118.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 106.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 123.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 122.
- "La Mariposa Negra (1920)". imdb.com.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 109.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 230. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 113.
- Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 114.
- Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- Sandra Brennan (2012). "Vincent Gardenia". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Baseline & All Movie Guide. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
- "Polish theatre legend comes out as gay at 100". Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- "DeForest Kelley | American actor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- Chris Wiegand (2003). Federico Fellini: Ringmaster of Dreams, 1920-1993. Taschen. p. 10. ISBN 978-3-8228-1590-8.
- "Remembering Lewis Gilbert, director behind Bond and Shirley Valentine". The Independent. 5 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01.
- Goldman, Ari L. (24 July 2002). "Leo McKern, 82, Veteran Actor Who Gave Voice to 'Rumpole'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
- Film Review. W.H. Allen. 1998. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-85227-767-3.
- "John Dall, 50, Oscar Nominee For 'Corn Is Green' Role, Dies". New York Times. January 18, 1971. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
- Robert Strom (2005). Miss Peggy Lee: A Career Chronicle. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-1936-4.
- Screen International: The international film & television directory. EMAP Media Information. 1993. p. 74.
- International Film and TV Year Book. Screen International, King Publications Limited. 1981. p. 312.
- John Willis' Theatre World. Crown Publishers. 1952. p. 214.
External links
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