2023 Cambodian general election

General elections will be held in Cambodia on 23 July 2023 to elect members of the National Assembly.[1] It will be the seventh quinquennial election in Cambodia since democratic elections were restored in 1993. The Cambodian People's Party (CPP) currently holds all seats in parliament. Prime minister Hun Sen will seek another five-year term in office.[2]

2023 Cambodian general election

23 July 2023

All 125 seats in the National Assembly
63 seats needed for a majority
Registered9,710,645 Increase 13.7%
 
Leader Hun Sen Norodom Chakravuth Nhek Bun Chhay
Party CPP FUNCINPEC KNUP
Last election 76.85%, 125 seats 5.89%, 0 seats 1.56%, 0 seats
Current seats 125 0 0
Seats needed Steady Increase 63 Increase 63


Incumbent Prime Minister

Hun Sen
CPP



Background

Hun Sen has been Prime Minister of Cambodia and its predecessor states (the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the State of Cambodia) since January 1985 (in acting capacity from December 1984). Since the 1997 coup d'état, he has consolidated power, resulting in authoritarian rule[3][4] culminating in the establishment of a de facto one-party system in 2018 after the Supreme Court of Cambodia loyal to Hun Sen banned the largest opposition party, the Cambodia National Rescue Party led by Sam Rainsy and Kem Sokha.[5]

Hun Sen was endorsed as the CPP's prime ministerial candidate for the 2023 election during the party's 43rd Congress.[6] The Central Committee also unanimously approved Hun Manet, Hun Sen's son, as the party's future prime ministerial candidate after Hun Sen.[6][7] Hun Sen has publicly vowed to stay on until after the 2028 election, though a transition of power to his son between 2023 and 2028 has not been entirely ruled out.[8] Despite some shortcomings, particularly during the large-scale outbreak in early 2021,[9] the government was widely praised for its COVID-19 response, initiated a successful vaccination program, with over 80% of the population fully vaccinated, as of January 2022.[10][11]

A high-profile public spat between the Kem Sokha and Sam Rainsy factions of the former Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) meant there is unlikely to be united opposition against the CPP.[12] The 2022 communal elections, which resulted in an expected landslide for the CPP, was seen as a bellwether for the general election. Based on those results, the CPP internally projected that it would win 104 seats or 83.20%, and the Candlelight Party would win 21 seats or 16.80%.[13] But after wards the spokesperson for CPP Sok Eysan said now CPP will be targeting 90% of seats or 120 seats.[14]

On 15 May 2023, the Candlelight Party was officially denied registration by the National Election Committee, meaning that they were disqualified from participating in the election.[15]

Khem Sokha

Former Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) President Khem Sokha was sentenced to 27 years in jail for allegedly conspiring with foreign powers to topple the government. He was detained at his home in Phnom Penh's Tuol Kork neighborhood and is being held at Trapeang Phlong jail awaiting trial. Due to Covid-19 concerns, his initial trial was postponed. On March 3 2023, the municipal court sentenced him to 27 years in prison under Criminal Code sections 439 and 443, and excluded him from politics and elections under Article 450. Sokha was not immediately imprisoned, but was instead restricted to his house under court monitoring. [16][17] The court verdict was condemned by human rights groups, the US embassy and UN Human Rights Commissioner. [18]

Khem Sokha greets his supporters as he leaves the Phnom Penh Municipal Court on 19 January 2022
Khem Sokha greets his supporters as he leaves the Phnom Penh Municipal Court on 19 January 2022

Cambodian Youth Party

Following these events, 15 party members including three senior members of the Cambodian Youth Party and members of the standing committee Neou Bora, Huon Thearith and Chhom Chanthorn resigned. Party Leader Pich Sros was quoted saying, "The resignations of senior officials are not thing to worry about, and the party plans to register its participation and list of candidates with the NEC [For the 2023 Election].[19]

Candlelight Party

Kong Korm, a senior advisor to Cambodia's Candlelight Party, resigned after authorities announced plans to pursue a lawsuit against him for comments he made in January condemning the seizure of his property. He apologized to Hun Sen and the CPP for forcing the party to file a lawsuit and said his association with the Candlelight Party had been a mistake. In his apology letter Kong Korm said, "I accepted my mistakes and apologized to the CPP president who deemed my latest political activities harmful to CPP leaders’ dignity and disturbed society harmony.” [20]

Foreign Policy

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, Hun Sen and the government kept a neutral stance, though establishing more ties with Ukraine, where Hun Sen and Foreign Minister Prak Sokhonn met with Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba and sent "Deminers" to train Ukrainian Soldiers,[21] and where Ukraine also showed plans of opening an Embassy in Phnom Penh.[22] Both sides including Russia and Ukraine had praised the Cambodian Government of maintaining it's neutrality on the conflict.[23][24]

Dismissals

A Royal Decree, signed by King Norodom Sihamoni, removed Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Veng Sakhon from his position on 8 October 2022, with immediate effect. The decision was made at the request of Prime Minister Hun Sen. The government then designated Minister of Economy and Finance Aun Pornmonirath as acting minister of agriculture in addition to his current ministry and duties.[25] In which later wards the National Assembly approved Dith Tina as the new Minister of Agriculture.[26]

On 24 August 2022, The Governor of Takhmao City was sacked from his post and reassigned to work in the Kandal Provincial Administration due to his "inactiveness" in dealing with clean water for residents.[27]

Pursat

On the 21 November 2022, Khoy Rida was swooned into office as the provincial governor of Pursat by Interior Minister Sar Kheng, due to the last governor Cheav Tay having been transferred due to his deteriorating health.[28]

Mount Kulen Gathering

Khem Veasna, president of the League for Democracy Party, issued an ultimatum to the huge gathering assembled at a farm house south of Kulen Mountain, who flocked to the home after hearing a "doomsday warning" from a local politician and believed the region to be a "safehaven". People have assembled at the location in response to a forecast made by a local politician that they need to do so in order to "survive a devastating flood in the country and world" (LDP). Authorities gave the ultimatum after observing the crowd grow from 15,000 to 20,000 people.[29]

Provincial Officials

Teng Channat, the head of the provincial police in Siem Reap, warned that if Khem Veasna doesn't help dissolve the group by 30 August as he promised, the government will file a lawsuit.[30]

District Governor of Banteay Srei District in Siem Reap Province, Khim Finan, reported that since Saturday, officials had insisted that the gathering disband. Have speaking with the press, he added, “We are waiting to see whether the groups will disband since I’ve noticed that more people are gathering in and around his farm and also along the road to Kulen Mountain rather than leaving, which is really upsetting to witness”.[30]

Siem Reap Provincial Governor Tea Seiha visited Khem Veasna’s farm and asked him to disband the crowd.[30]

Nationwide Officials

Hun Manet along with other officials also had went down to the farm home where the event was taking place and requested Khme Veasna to disband the gatherings.

The property, which is roughly an hour's drive from Siem Reap, is being evacuated by army trucks and ambulances under orders from Prime Minister Hun Sen. According to Mr. Hun Sen, the authorities should make it simple for the people to leave the gathering and return home if they so choose.Hun Sen claimed that Khem Veasa, the League for Democracy Party's president who recently converted to religion and dubbed himself a Brahma, or celestial king, was pressuring him to use violence to disperse the rally and arrest him.“However, I advised the authorities not to fall into his trap; not to do anything. I will not use violence against him.”, Hun Sen had also added, “Veasna cursed me harshly on Facebook, but I am not going to respond with anger. I’ll find a peaceful solution for the sake of all people in the Kingdom, he is free to make any claim he wishes, his political career will be over once his supporters discover that he has been lying,” the Prime Minister added.[31]

Electoral system

The Constitution of Cambodia states the National Assembly are elected 5 year terms from 25 multi-member constituencies based on the provinces by closed list proportional representation. Seats were allocated using the D'Hondt method and elections are to happen on the fourth Sunday of July.[32]

Map of the seat allocation by provinces

The number of seat allocation of provinces:

Province Seats
Banteay Meanchey 6
Battambang 8
Kampong Cham 10
Kampong Chhnang 4
Kampong Speu 6
Kampong Thom 6
Kampot 6
Kandal 11
Koh Kong 1
Kratié 3
Mondulkiri 1
Phnom Penh 12
Preah Vihear 1
Prey Veng 11
Pursat 4
Ratanakiri 1
Siem Reap 6
Preah Sihanouk 3
Stung Treng 1
Svay Rieng 5
Takéo 9
Oddar Meanchey 1
Kep 1
Pailin 1
Tboung Khmum 8
Total125

Voters

All citizens aged 18 and older are eligible to vote. Voting is not mandatory. The NEC had fielded 9,710,645 registered voters for the 2023 Cambodia, a rise of 504,964 more voters since the 2022 Communal Elections and a rise of 13.7% (1,330,428) voters since the 2018 General Elections. [33]

Demographics

Registered Voters By Gender
Gender Number of People %
Female 5,161,906 53.15%
Male 4,548,739 46.85%
Total 9,710,645 100%
Source: Khmer Times[33]
Growth Trend of Cambodian Registered Voters
Growth Trend of Cambodian Registered Voters

Growth Trend of Registered Voters since 1993

Registered Voters Since 1993
Year Number of People +/-
1993 4,764,618 Increase 100%
1998 5,395,595 Increase 13.20%
2002 5,190,307 Decrease 3.80%
2003 6,341,834 Increase 18.15%
2007 7,799,371 Increase 18.68%
2008 8,125,529 Increase 4.01%
2012 9,203,493 Increase 11.71%
2013 9,675,453 Increase 4.87%
2017 7,865,033 Decrease 18.71%
2018 8,380,217 Increase 6.14%
2022 9,205,681 Increase 8.96%
2023 9,710,645 Increase 5.20%

Election schedule

Date Event
29 June 2022 Date of election announced
1 April–19 July 2023 Registration of national and international observers
24 April–8 May 2023 Nomination process
1–21 July 2023 Election campaign period
22 July 2023 Election silence
23 July 2023 Election day
23–24 July 2023 Preliminary results released
TBA Official results released
Source: Khmer Times[34]

Communal by-elections

A sub-decree signed by Prime Minister Hun Sen on 5 January stipulated the number of separate and newly formed city council members in Kandal, Kampong Speu and Kratie for the first mandate. The sub-decree added that for Arey Ksat city in Kandal, there are 19 councillors. Separately, Sampov Poun city in Kandal must have 19 councillors as well. The sub-decree added that for Udong Mechey in Kampong Speu, there must be 17 councillors. Samakki Monichey district, located in Kampong Speu, must have 19 councillors. The sub-decree also stated that for the newly established O’Kreang Sen Chey district in Kratie, must have 15 councillors.[35]

Timeline of The By-Elections:

Date Event
TBA Election Campaign Period
8 April 2023 Election Silence Period
9 April 2023 Election Day
24 April 2023 Official Results Released
Source: Khmer Times[35]

Contesting parties

Party Leader National Assembly Government
2018 result Current
% Seats
Cambodian People's Party Hun Sen 76.85%
125 / 125
125 / 125
Government
FUNCINPEC Norodom Chakravuth 5.89%
0 / 125
0 / 125
Opposition
Khmer National United Party Nhek Bun Chhay 1.56%
0 / 125
0 / 125
Opposition

References

  1. "Date of 2023 National Assembly election announced". Khmer Times. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  2. "Cambodia's ruling party endorses PM's son as future leader". Reuters. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  3. "Cambodia: Hun Sen re-elected in landslide victory after brutal crackdown". The Guardian. 29 July 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  4. "Tenth out of Ten". The Economist (Banyan, Asia). 17 November 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  5. "Cambodian Parliament launches era of one-party rule". The Straits Times. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  6. "Hun Manet unanimously elected to be the future Prime Minister". Khmer Times. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  7. Hunt, Luke (4 January 2022). "Cambodia's Hun Sen Moves Ahead on Shoring Up Son's Leadership Prospects". The Diplomat. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  8. Hutt, David (3 December 2021). "Cambodia's Political Succession Could Get Messy". The Diplomat. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  9. "Corruption threatens Cambodia's COVID success as cluster spreads". The Nikkei. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  10. Hutt, David (28 June 2021). "Will Vaccination Be Hun Sen's Legacy?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  11. "Cambodia enters new year with vaccination target still elusive and Omicron looming closer than ever". Khmer Times. 1 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  12. Strangio, Sebastian (30 November 2021). "Cambodia Opposition Fractures as Bickering Breaks Into the Open". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  13. Nov, Sivutha (8 June 2022). "20 NA seats possible for Candlelight Party: Yara". The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  14. "LANDSLIDE TARGET: CPP out to reduce opposition votes in upcoming polls - Khmer Times". 24 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  15. "Cambodia disqualifies sole credible opposition Candlelight Party ahead of July election". ABC News. 16 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  16. Staff, Post. "Ex-CNRP leader Kem Sokha gets 27 years, barred from politics". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  17. "Former opposition leader Kem Sokha sentenced to 27 years in prison - Khmer Times". 3 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  18. "Kem Sokha: Rights groups condemn Cambodia opposition leader's 27-year sentence". BBC News. 3 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  19. "Spate of resignation not affecting CYP, says president - Khmer Times". 7 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  20. "Senior advisor to Cambodian opposition party resigns". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  21. "Big boost for Ukraine-Cambodia ties - Khmer Times". 14 November 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  22. "Boosting friendship: Soon-to-be Ukrainian Ambassador seeks heightened ties - Khmer Times". 20 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  23. "Ukrainian political expert praises Cambodia's peace efforts - Khmer Times". 26 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  24. "Russia lauds Cambodia's neutrality on Ukraine issue - Khmer Times". 19 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  25. "Minister of Agriculture dismissed by the King - Khmer Times". 8 October 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  26. Kereya, Keo; Kimmarita, Long. "Dith Tina – 'Well-educated, gentle, helpful'". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  27. "Takhmao City governor sacked for 'inactive' duty - Khmer Times". 23 August 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  28. Samean, Lay. "New Pursat governor takes office, vows greater efficiency". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  29. "Kulen Mountain 'Doomsday' gathering told to disperse, or else - Khmer Times". 29 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  30. "Kulen Mountain 'Doomsday' gathering told to disperse, or else - Khmer Times". 29 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  31. "PM Hun Sen orders military trucks to ferry people leaving 'doomsday' farm and that they not be harmed - Khmer Times". 31 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  32. "IPU PARLINE database: CAMBODIA (Radhsphea Ney Preah Recheanachakr Kampuchea), Electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  33. "Cambodia sees 9.7 million people registered on voter list - Khmer Times". 14 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  34. "NEC unveils 2023 National Election calendar". Khmer Times. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  35. "Candidates ready for new city, district council polls - Khmer Times". 11 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
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