2023 Polish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections will be held in Poland in late 2023 to elect members of the Sejm and Senate, although they can be held sooner if a snap election is called, which last occurred in 2007. The previous election, in 2019, resulted in the re-election of a majority Law and Justice government, albeit without a majority in the Senate. The Law and Justice government will try to win a record 3rd term.

2023 Polish parliamentary election
On or before 11 November 2023
All 460 seats to the Sejm
231 seats are needed for a majority in the Sejm
All 100 seats to the Senate of Poland
 
Leader Jarosław Kaczyński Donald Tusk Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Robert Biedroń
Party PiS PO NL
Alliance United Right Civic Coalition The Left
Leader since 18 January 2003 3 July 2021 9 October 2021
Last election 235 seats, 43.6% 134 seats, 27.4% 49 seats, 12.6%
Current seats 228 126 44
Seats needed Increase3 Increase105 Increase187
 

Leader Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
Szymon Hołownia		 Sławomir Mentzen
Krzysztof Bosak[1]		 Magdalena Sroka
Party PSL
Poland 2050		 Confederation Agreement
Alliance Third Way P-AU
Leader since 7 November 2015
30 June 2020		 4 November 2017
Last election 30 seats, 8.6% 11 seats, 6.8% 18 seats, 43.6% (Part of United Right)
Current seats 30 9 5
Seats needed Increase201 Increase219 Increase226
 
Leader Paweł Kukiz Joanna Senyszyn[lower-alpha 1] Artur Dziambor
Party Kukiz'15 Democratic Left Wolnościowcy
Leader since 27 July 2015 16 March 2019 17 March 2022
Last election 6 seats, 8.6% (as Polish Coalition) 0 seat, 12.6% (as The Left) 0 seats, 6.8% (as Confederation)
Current seats 3 3 3
Seats needed Increase228 Increase228 Increase228
Incumbent Prime Minister

Mateusz Morawiecki
PiS


Electoral system

The process of election for the Sejm is through party-list proportional representation via the D'hondt method in multi-seat constituencies,[2] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (with the requirements waived for national minorities).

The date of the election will be set by the President of Poland (consistent with constitutional requirements, whereby the election may be held 30 days before the fourth anniversary of the beginning the current convocation of Parliament, on a non-working day, including public holidays). Possible dates are 15 October, 22 October, 29 October and 5 November (and - due to public holidays - 1 November and 11 November).[3]

Should the opposition parties win government, they would require a three-fifths majority of MPs to overturn a presidential veto.[4]

Political parties

The table below lists party groups represented in the Sejm as a result of the 2019 election.

Name Ideology Political Position Leader(s) Parliamentary
leader(s)		 2019 result Current number of seats in
Votes (%) Seats Sejm (list) Senate (list)
ZP United Right
Zjednoczona Prawica
List
 National conservatism Right-wing Jarosław Kaczyński Ryszard Terlecki 43.6%
235 / 460
228 / 460
46 / 100
P Agreement[lower-alpha 2]
Porozumienie		 Conservatism Centre-right to right-wing Magdalena Sroka Iwona Michałek
5 / 460
1 / 100
KO Civic Coalition
Koalicja Obywatelska
List
 Liberalism Big tent Donald Tusk Borys Budka 27.4%
134 / 460
126 / 460
41 / 100
L The Left
Lewica
List
 Social democracy
Progressivism		 Centre-left[6] to left-wing[7] Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Robert Biedroń		 Krzysztof Gawkowski 12.6%
49 / 460
44 / 460
1 / 100
LD Democratic Left
Lewica Demokratyczna
List
 Social democracy Centre-left to left-wing Jerzy Teichert Joanna Senyszyn
3 / 460
1 / 100
KP Polish Coalition[lower-alpha 3]
Koalicja Polska
List
 Centrism
Christian democracy		 Centre to centre-right Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz 8.6%
30 / 460
24 / 460
4 / 100
K'15 Kukiz'15
Kukiz'15		 Right-wing populism Centre-right to right-wing Paweł Kukiz Paweł Kukiz
4 / 460
0 / 100
DR Good Movement[8]
Dobry Ruch		 Classical liberalism Centre-right Paweł Szramka N/A
1 / 460
0 / 100
KON Confederation Liberty and Independence
Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość
List
 Libertarian conservatism
Polish nationalism		 Right-wing to far-right Sławomir Mentzen
Krzysztof Bosak		 Krzysztof Bosak 6.8%
11 / 460
9 / 460
0 / 100
W Freedomites
Wolnościowcy
 Right-Libertarianism
Direct democracy		 Right-wing Artur Dziambor Jakub Kulesza
3 / 460
0 / 100
PL2050 Poland 2050[lower-alpha 4]
Polska 2050		 Centrism
Environmentalism		 Centre Szymon Hołownia Paulina Hennig-Kloska N/A
0 / 460
8 / 460
1 / 100
MN German Minority Electoral Committee
Mniejszość Niemiecka		 Minority interests Centre Ryszard Galla N/A 0.2%
1 / 460
1 / 460
0 / 100

Other parties seeking to take part:

Name Ideology Leader(s) Political Position
AU AGROunia[9] Agrarianism
Protectionism		 Michał Kołodziejczak Syncretic
MD23 I've Had Enough 2023[10]
Mam Dość 2023		 Social liberalism Marianna Schreiber Centre
BS Nonpartisan Local Government Activists[11]
Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy		 Regionalism Robert Raczyński Centre
T!DPL Yes! For Poland
Tak! Dla Polski		 Regionalism Jacek Karnowski Centre
RMM Marek Materek's Movement[12]
Ruch Marka Materka		 Social liberalism
Regionalism		 Marek Materek Centre to Centre-left
SRP Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland[13]
Samoobrona RP		 Agrarianism
Populism		 Krzysztof Prokopczyk Syncretic

Opinion polls
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Polish parliamentary election

Notes
  1. Joanna Senyszyn is the parliamentary leader, while Jerzy Teichert is the party chairman.
  2. Agreement used to be a part of the United Right with PiS until 11 August 2021.[5]
  3. Running together with Poland 2050 as the Third Way.
  4. Running together with Polish Coalition as the Third Way.

References
  1. "Duże zmiany w Konfederacji. Chodzi o Radę Liderów". 14 February 2023.
  2. "Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". electionresources.org. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  3. "Znamy cztery daty, kiedy wybory 2023 mogą się odbyć. "Decyzję podejmie prezydent"".
  4. "Konwencja PO. Budka proponuje Koalicję 276. "Tyle głosów potrzebnych do przejęcia władzy"". gazetapl (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  5. "Jarosław Gowin's leaves the United Right". fakty.tvn24.pl (in Polish). 11 August 2021.
  6. "Polish voters give their verdict on four years of right-wing populists". Independent.co.uk. 12 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12.
  7. "Poland election: Ruling Law and Justice party win poll". BBC News. 14 October 2019.
  8. "Alina Dybaś we władzach nowej partii politycznej. W planach - kandydatka do Sejmu".
  9. Ryszard Łuczyn (4 December 2021). "PSL i AgroUnia. Kto może wygrać z PiS na wsi?". Polityka.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  10. Katarzyna Albrycht (5 April 2022). "Marianna Schreiber zakłada partię polityczną. "Co na to mąż?"". onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  11. "Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy chcą osłabić duopol władzy. Tym razem skutecznie? "". Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  12. "Marek Materek na Rynku w Olkuszu. Lider nowego ruchu zapowiada start w nadchodzących wyborach parlamentarnych. Zobacz zdjęcia"". Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  13. "Reaktywacja Samoobrony RP. Partia zapowiada start w wyborach"". Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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