1593
1593 (MDXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1593rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 593rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 93rd year of the 16th century, and the 4th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1593, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1593 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1593 MDXCIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2346 |
| Armenian calendar | 1042 ԹՎ ՌԽԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6343 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1514–1515 |
| Bengali calendar | 1000 |
| Berber calendar | 2543 |
| English Regnal year | 35 Eliz. 1 – 36 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2137 |
| Burmese calendar | 955 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7101–7102 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 4289 or 4229 — to — 癸巳年 (Water Snake) 4290 or 4230 |
| Coptic calendar | 1309–1310 |
| Discordian calendar | 2759 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1585–1586 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5353–5354 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1649–1650 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1514–1515 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4693–4694 |
| Holocene calendar | 11593 |
| Igbo calendar | 593–594 |
| Iranian calendar | 971–972 |
| Islamic calendar | 1001–1002 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunroku 2 (文禄２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1513–1514 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3926 |
| Minguo calendar | 319 before ROC 民前319年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 125 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2135–2136 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水龙年 (male Water-Dragon) 1719 or 1338 or 566 — to — 阴水蛇年 (female Water-Snake) 1720 or 1339 or 567 |
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Events
January–December
- January – Siege of Pyongyang (1593): A Japanese invasion is defeated in Pyongyang by a combined force of Korean and Ming troops.[1]
- January 18 – Siamese King Naresuan, in combat on elephant back, kills Burmese Crown Prince Mingyi Swa on Monday, Moon 2 Waning day 2, Year of the Dragon, Chulasakarat 954, reckoned as corresponding to January 25, 1593, of the Gregorian calendar, and commemorated as Royal Thai Armed Forces Day.[2]
- January 27 – The Roman Inquisition opens the seven-year trial of scholar Giordano Bruno.
- February 2 – Battle of Piątek: Polish forces led by Janusz Ostrogski are victorious.[3]
- February 12 – Battle of Haengju: Korea defeats Japan.[4]
- March 7 (February 25 Old Style) – The Uppsala Synod discontinues; the Liturgical Struggle between the Swedish Reformation and Counter-Reformation ends in Sweden.
- March 14 – The Pi Day, giving the most digits of Pi when written in mm/dd/yyyy format (this year Flemish mathematician Adriaan van Roomen arrives at 15 decimal places of Pi using the polygon approximation method).
- April 18 – Anglo-Spanish War: Naval Battle of Blaye in the Gironde estuary sees a Spanish victory over the blockading English fleet, allowing the Spanish to relieve the French Catholic garrison of Blaye.[5]
- After April – William Shakespeare's poem Venus and Adonis probably becomes his first published work, printed in London from his own manuscript. In his lifetime it will be his most frequently reprinted work: at least nine times.[6]
- May 5 – "Dutch church libel" bills posted in London threaten Protestant refugees from France and the Netherlands, alluding to Christopher Marlowe's plays.
- May 12 – English dramatist Thomas Kyd is arrested over the "Dutch church libel". "Atheist" literature found in his home is claimed to be Marlowe's.[7]
- May 18 – A warrant for the arrest of Christopher Marlowe is issued. On May 20 he presents himself to the Privy Council.
- May 30 – Christopher Marlowe is stabbed to death in a dispute over a bill at a lodging house in Deptford.[8]
- June 7 – Battle of Salbertrand in Piedmont: Victory of François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières, over the Spanish of Rodrigue Alvarez of Toledo, allies of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy.[9]
- June 22 – Battle of Sisak in Croatia: The Habsburgs defeat the Ottoman Empire.[10]
- July 25 – As he promised in January, Henry IV of France abjures Protestantism at the Basilica of Saint-Denis.[11] Legend attributes to him the saying Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a mass").[12]
- July 29 – The Long War breaks out in Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.
- October 24–25 – Supposed date of the event described in the 1593 transported soldier legend.
Date unknown
- Mihai Viteazul becomes prince of Walachia.
- Robert Bellarmine's Disputationes de Controversiis Christianae Fidei adversus hujus temporis Haereticos ("Controversiae") concludes publication in Ingolstadt.
- Henry Constable's Spirituall Sonnettes are written.[13]
- The parish of Laukaa was founded.[14]
- Khwaja Usman takes shelter in Goyghor Mosque after the Afghan rebellion against the Subahdar of Mughal Bengal, Man Singh I.[15]
- Irish pirate queen Grace O'Malley meets with Queen Elizabeth I of England at Greenwich.[16]
- c. 1593-1604 – According to John Warwick Montgomery, the Rosicrucian manifestos are initially composed by Tobias Hess, in anticipation of the opening of the vault in 1604, according to Simon Studion's apocalyptic timetable.
Births
January–June
Saint Jean de Brebeuf
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- January 1 – Sun Chuanting, Ming Dynasty general (d. 1643)
- January 10 – Prince Maurice of Savoy, Catholic cardinal and Prince of Savoy (d. 1657)
- February 8 – Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, French Catholic Cardinal (d. 1639)
- February 24 – Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford, English noble (d. 1625)
- March 1 – Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1661)
- March 13 – Georges de La Tour, French Baroque painter (d. 1652)
- March 20 – Jean de La Haye, French preacher and biblical scholar (d. 1661)
- March 22 – Johann Ulrich Steigleder, German composer (d. 1635)
- March 25 – Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary who travelled to Canada in 1625 (d. 1649)
- April – Mumtaz Mahal, Queen of India (d. 1631)
- April 3 – George Herbert, Welsh-born English poet (d. 1633)[17]
- April 4 – Edward Nicholas, English statesman (d. 1669)
- April 12 – Nicholas Martyn, English politician (d. 1653)
- April 13 – Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, English statesman (d. 1641)
- April 19 – Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1647)
- April 27 – Jérôme Lalemant, French Jesuit priest and missionary to Canada (d. 1673)
- May 2
- John Forbes, Scottish theologian (d. 1648)
- Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena, Italian princess (d. 1629)
- May 5 – Cesare Monti, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1650)
- May 19
- Jacob Jordaens, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
- Claude Vignon, French painter (d. 1670)
- June 3 – Richard Knightley, English politician (d. 1639)
- June 8 – George I Rákóczi, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. 1648)
- June 22 – Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, Parliamentarian politician and military figure in the English Civil War (d. 1671)
- June 23 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1650)
- June 24 – Abraham von Franckenberg, German writer (d. 1652)
July–December
- July 5 – Achille d'Étampes de Valençay, Knight of Malta (d. 1646)
- July 8
- Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1656)[18]
- Peter Sainthill, English politician (d. 1648)
- July 20 – Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg, then count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg (d. 1672)
- July 30 – William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1596–1677) (d. 1677)
- August 9 – Izaak Walton, English writer (d. 1683)[19]
- August 12 – Jonathan Brewster, American settler (d. 1659)
- August 30 – Noël Juchereau, Quebec pioneer (d. 1648)
- September 5 – Orazio Riminaldi, Italian painter (d. 1630)
- September 8 – Toyotomi Hideyori, Japanese nobleman (d. 1615)
- September 20 – Gottfried Scheidt, German composer (d. 1661)
- September 22 – A. Matthäus Merian, Swiss cartographer (d. 1650)
- September 26 – Francis Osborne, English writer (d. 1659)
- October 6 – Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg (d. 1635)
- October 9 – Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician (d. 1674)
- October 13 – Sixtinus Amama, Dutch Reformed theologian and orientalist (d. 1629)
- October 23 – Michael Warton, English politician (d. 1645)
- October 27 – Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway (d. 1663)
- November 1 – Abel Servien, French diplomat (d. 1659)
- November 25 – Alain de Solminihac, French bishop and beatified person (d. 1659)
- December 5 – Liborius Wagner, German Roman Catholic priest (d. 1631)
- December 11 – Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1651)
- December 12
- Adam Christian Agricola, German Evangelical preacher (d. 1645)
- Nathaniel Bacon, English politician (d. 1660)
Date unknown
- Leonardo Agostini, Italian antiquary (d. 1685)
- Louis Barbier, French bishop (d. 1670)
- Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (d. 1641)
- Claudia Rusca, Italian composer, singer, and organist (d. 1676)
- Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (d. 1631)
- Anthony van Diemen, Dutch merchant (d. 1645)
- Jerónimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (d. 1678)
- Mikołaj Ostroróg, Polish nobleman (d. 1651)
- Sir George Radcliffe, English politician (d. 1657)
- Kimura Shigenari, Japanese samurai (d. 1615)
- Giovanni Battista Pacetti, Italian painter (d. 1630)
Deaths
The Marlowe portrait, often claimed to be Christopher Marlowe, playwright
- January 8 – Mingyi Swa, Burmese crown prince (b. 1558)
- January 11 – Scipione Gonzaga, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1542)
- February 6
- Jacques Amyot, French writer (b. 1513)
- Emperor Ōgimachi of Japan (b. 1517)
- March 8 – Paul Luther, German scientist (b. 1533)
- March 23 – Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and separatist (b. 1550)
- April 6 – John Greenwood, English Puritan and separatist (hanged) (b. 1556)
- April 24 – William Harrison, English clergyman (b. 1534)
- May 29 – John Penry, Welsh Protestant (hanged) (b. 1559)[20]
- May 30 – Christopher Marlowe, English poet and playwright (murdered) (b. 1564)[21]
- June 3 – Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta, Swedish abbess (b. 1520)
- June 25 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1541)
- July 4 – Min Phalaung, Burmese monarch (b. 1535)
- July 11 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
- September 5 – Andreas von Auersperg, Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (b. 1556)
- September 25 – Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, English nobleman, diplomat and politician (b. 1531)
- October 25 – Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, Spanish colonial administrator (murdered) (b. 1519)
- November 11 – Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1537)
- November 20 – Hans Bol, Flemish artist (b. 1534)
- date unknown
- Jeong Cheol, Korean administrator and poet (b. 1536)
- Krzysztof Kosiński, Polish noble (b. 1545)
- Li Shizhen, Chinese physician, pharmacologist, and mineralogist (b. 1518)
References
- "Historical Events for Year 1593 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Katz, Brigit (2018). "Thailand Drops Charges Against Historian Who Questioned the Facts Around Historic 16th-Century Duel". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Paweł Jasienica (1987). The Commonwealth of Both Nations: The Silver Age. American Institute of Polish Culture. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-87052-394-6.
- Kenneth B. Lee; Kong-bok Yi (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-275-95823-7.
- Castex, Jean-Claude (2012). Dictionnaire des Batailles navales franco-anglaises. Les Éditions du Phare-Ouest. p. 59. ISBN 9782921668194.
- Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
- Freeman, Arthur (1973). "Marlowe, Kyd, and the Dutch Church Libel". English Literary Renaissance. University of Chicago. 3: 44–52. doi:10.1086/ELRv3n1p44. S2CID 151720064. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Hotson, Leslie (1925). The Death of Christopher Marlowe. London: Nonesuch Press.
- Bèze, Théodore (2010). Correspondance. Tome XXXIV, 1593. Librairie Droz. p. 165. ISBN 9782600314688.
- Branka Magaš (2007). Croatia Through History: The Making of a European State. Saqi. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-86356-775-9.
- Le Roux, Nicolas (May 13, 2013). La Faveur du Roi: Mignons et courtisans au temps des derniers valois (vers 1547–vers 1589). Éditions Champ Vallon. ISBN 9782876737518.
- Lacotte, Daniel (2016). Les Mots célèbres de l'histoire. Albin Michel. ISBN 9782226379887.
- British Library Harley MS 7553.
- Tietoa Laukaasta – Laukaa.fi (in Finnish)
- "Khwaja Usman". Banglapedia. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
- Chambers, Anne (2003). Ireland's Pirate Queen: The True Story of Grace O'Malley (2nd ed.). New York: MJF Books. ISBN 978-1-56731-858-6.
- Amy Marie Charles (1977). A Life of George Herbert. Cornell University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-8014-1014-7.
- R. Ward Bissell; Roger Ward Bissell (1999). Artemisia Gentileschi and the Authority of Art: Critical Reading and Catalogue Raisonné. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-271-01787-7.
- James Vinson; D. L. Kirkpatrick (1979). Novelists and Prose Writers. Macmillan. p. 1250. ISBN 978-0-333-25292-5.
- John Penry (1944). The Notebook of John Penry, 1593. Offices of the Royal Historical Society. p. vii.
- British Museum. Department of Printed Books. King's Library; William Shakespeare; Christopher Marlowe (1964). William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, and Christopher Marlowe, 1564-1593: An Exhibition of Books, Manuscripts, and Other Illustrative Material Held in the King's Library of the British Museum, 23 April to 12 July, 1964. British Museum. p. 4.
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