Argentina, 1985

Argentina, 1985 is a 2022 Argentine historical legal drama film produced and directed by Santiago Mitre. Written by Mitre and Mariano Llinás, it stars Ricardo Darín, Peter Lanzani, Alejandra Flechner and Norman Briski. The film follows the Trial of the Juntas, the 1985 trial of members of the military government that ruled Argentina under the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, during which the torture, extrajudicial murder and forced disappearances of civilians was a systematic occurrence; it focuses on the perspective of the prosecution team led by Julio César Strassera and Luis Moreno Ocampo, including their investigation prior to the trial.

Argentina, 1985
Release poster
Directed bySantiago Mitre
Written by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyJavier Juliá
Edited byAndrés P. Estrada
Music byPedro Osuna
Production
companies
Distributed by
  • Amazon Studios
  • Digicine[1]
Release dates
  • 3 September 2022 (2022-09-03) (Venice)
  • 29 September 2022 (2022-09-29) (Argentina)
  • 21 October 2022 (2022-10-21) (United Kingdom & United States)
Running time
140 minutes[2]
Countries
  • Argentina[3]
  • United Kingdom[3]
  • United States[3]
LanguageSpanish[3]
Box office

Co-produced by Argentina, the United Kingdom and the United States, Argentina, 1985 premiered in the main competition at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on 3 September 2022, where it won the FIPRESCI Award from the International Federation of Film Critics. Theatrically released in Argentina on 29 September 2022, and in the United Kingdom and United States on 21 October 2022, it was a commercial success, debuting at number one at the Argentine box office and becoming the most-watched Argentine film of 2022. It received critical acclaim, and won, among others, the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the Goya Award for Best Ibero-American Film and the National Board of Review Freedom of Expression Award. It was also named one of the top five international films of 2022 by the National Board of Review, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best International Feature Film.

Plot

In 1985, Argentina has had a democratic government for less than two years after its last military dictatorship ended. Public prosecutor Julio César Strassera is chosen to make the government's case against the military junta for alleged crimes against humanity after the military courts declined to press charges. The junta have retained the services of senior, experienced lawyers, while Strassera struggles to find lawyers to form his prosecution team. Strassera meets Luis Moreno Ocampo, his assigned deputy prosecutor, but initially rejects his offer for help due to Ocampo's military family background. Strassera receives several death threats, and is assigned a security detail.

Finding no other lawyers, Strassera accepts Moreno Ocampo's help. Moreno Ocampo, a professor, suggests that they look for young law graduates and inexperienced lawyers, as senior lawyers are unwilling to risk their reputations or safety to sign on to a trial that is so divisive amongst the public.

Strassera and Moreno Ocampo interview and assemble a team, many of whom work in government offices and can use their access to materials to help the case. Because the atrocities were committed across the country, Strassera and his team seek victims and record their testimonies. Meanwhile, he and his team face risks to their safety. Moreno Ocampo's family turn on him for going against their military history.

On the first day of the trial, the court receives a bomb threat, but Strassera convinces the judges that the trial must proceed. The trial is recorded on cameras and parts of it are broadcast around the world. Many victims of the junta testify about torture they endured or witnessed. President Raúl Alfonsín invites Strassera to meet with him and informs him that he is keeping a close watch on the court events and was deeply moved by the testimony of the witnesses. Despite this, the Attorney General angers Strassera by intimating that he should be lenient with the Air Force.

For his closing argument, Strassera realizes that he will have the chance to make his case not just to the judges in the courtroom, but to the people of Argentina and those around the world. With the help of his family, he composes an eloquent closing statement, ending: "Your Honors: never again!".

The judges move into deliberations and Strassera's team await to hear the outcome.

A dying friend asks Strassera for details of the final sentences. Strassera lies and tells him that all the generals received life sentences. Shortly after, Strassera learns that the court is sentencing General Jorge Videla and Admiral Emilio Massera to life imprisonment, General Roberto Viola to seventeen years, Admiral Armando Lambruschini to eight years, and General Orlando Agosti to four and a half years. Dissatisfied with most of the outcomes, he begins typewriting an appeal.

Cast

Production

Work on the screenplay began around five years before the film's release.[26][27] Originally, writer Mariano Llinás and co-writer and director Santiago Mitre conceived the film to be a more episodic hyperlink film, with "several intertwined stories", mixing genres and including fantastical elements, but producer Axel Kuschevatzky told them the film should be more classical in nature, "a film about the trial and nothing else", which Llinás described as "liberating".[28][29] He nonetheless described it as a "very difficult script to do", given that it was based on real events, many of its characters were still alive, and the public's differing opinions on the subject.[26]

Production company Amazon Studios stepped into the project once the script was already finished and the casting was already determined. The film didn't make use of funding by the National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA), as suggested by Amazon given they could finance it on their own.[29] Long-time Marvel Studios producer Victoria Alonso worked on the film, which she considered to be "a pending subject", and donated her salary to the making of the film.[30]

Production was originally scheduled to begin in 2020, but it was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[31] Filming began in early July 2021, and lasted about 11 weeks, taking place primarily in Buenos Aires, as well as in Salta and Rosario for two days each.[32] The film was shot in the same locations as the real events.[33] The same type of U-matic cameras that had originally been used to broadcast the trial were also used for its recreation during the trial scenes, in order to be able to seemlessly insert archive footage of the actual trial.[34]

Music

Spanish composer Pedro Osuna started working with Mitre's team in March 2022, writing a draft for the music in four days,[35] during post-production for the film.[36] He announced in July 2022 that he would compose the soundtrack for the film, marking his first time as the main composer of a film score.[37] Osuna was recommended by Alonso and composer Michael Giacchino, who served as musical producer for the film and had worked with Osuna in Thor: Love and Thunder (2022) and Lightyear (2022).[38] Osuna said his purpose with the score was that "the music connected the viewer's subconscious with history" and to "convey the constant danger that haunted the participants of the trial throughout the process".[35]

The soundtrack's main song is titled "Nunca Más", co-written and co-produced by Osuna, Alonso, songwriter Rafa Arcaute, and Kany García, who performs the song as well.[39] García described working on the song as "one of the greatest challenges" she had as a musician, "because I must look back, be sensitive and at the same time recognize there is a history that, even though I didn't experience it firsthand, must be treated that way".[40]

The soundtrack album was released on digital platforms on 20 October 2022.[39]

Release

Argentina, 1985 had its world premiere in the main competition for the Golden Lion at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on 3 September 2022.[41] It was theatrically released in Argentina on 29 September 2022.[42] Amazon Studios released the film in select theaters in the United States on 30 September 2022, before it started streaming on Prime Video on 21 October 2022.[43]

In June 2022, distributor Sony Pictures label Stage 6 Films announced Argentina, 1985 would be released in Argentina on 29 September 2022.[44] In August 2022, it was revealed that the film would be released on Prime Video on 21 October, being exclusively in theaters for three weeks only.[45] Later in August, Sony announced it would no longer be distributing the film, with local company Digicine stepping in as distributor and keeping its original release date.[46] Due to the short window of exclusivity, international theater chains Cinemark-Hoyts, Cinépolis, and Showcase Cinemas refused to show the film.[47] However, local companies and independent theaters did screen the film.[48]

Reception

Box office

The film was released theatrically in Argentina on 29 September 2022. In its first weekend in theaters, the film debuted at number one at the box office and was seen by over 200,000 spectators in 298 theaters,[49] making it the best opening for a local film since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[50] During its second weekend, the film maintained the top spot at the box office with over 211,000 viewers in 314 theaters.[51] By November 2022, the film had sold over a million tickets in Argentina and grossed 592 million pesos.[52] It was the most-watched Argentine film of 2022,[53] and the ninth-most-watched film overall in Argentina in 2022.[54] According to the National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA), it ended its local theatrical run with 1,151,336 viewers and grossed 658,923,794 pesos.[4]

Critical reception

According to the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, Argentina, 1985 has a 95% approval rating based on 64 reviews from critics, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's consensus reads, "Justice is served in Argentina 1985, a crusading courtroom drama that shines a light on historically somber times with refreshing levity".[55] On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, the film holds a score of 78 out of 100 based on 11 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[56]

Guillermo Courau from La Nación gave the film a five-star review, calling it a "necessary film" and considering it "an honest story, faithful enough to reality to become a contemporary testimony, and unfaithful enough to work on a creative and dramatic level."[57] Juan Pablo Cinelli of Página 12 wrote a positive review, praising the political approach to the subject, as well as Mitre's use of humor and classical cinema tropes to facilitate the audience's connection to the story.[58] Pablo O. Scholz from Clarín praised the "risky bet" of using humor without letting the film "lose its way", he commended the performances of the cast as "so well played than they don't seem acted" and referred to the film as a crowd-pleaser.[59] Mariana Mactas of TN praised the "impeccable" pacing and "perfect dialogue", considering that "every element, from the whole chast to the staging, dialogues and narrative resources, worked gracefully".[60]

Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw gave the film four-out-of-five stars, considering it a "forthright, muscular and potent movie", and praised Darín's "tremendous" and Lanzani's "attractive and sympathetic" performances.[61] Michael Ordoña from Los Angeles Times commended the protagonist's characterization as "a lead who is interestingly uninteresting", as well as the "humanity of its characters" and the use of humor whilst giving the real events "every ounce of weight they demand".[62] The Hollywood Reporter's Sheri Linden complimented Darín's performance of "restraint and intense focus", she praised Javier Juliá's cinematography and the construction of a "mood of deep-in-the-bones unease" along with Pedro Osuna's musical score. However, she criticized some aspects of the screenplay, such as underdeveloped supporting characters, instances of flat dialogue and the occasional appearance of "generic tropes of the legal drama".[63]

Carlos Aguilar from TheWrap considered the film was "impeccably executed" and "an effective crowd-pleaser", praising the "dynamism" of the Andrés P. Estrada's editing and the insertion of real archive footage "as if past and present converged in the same instant". However, Aguilar considered the film lacked in innovation and resulted "overly familar", both visually and narratively.[64] Guy Lodge at Variety thought Mitre opted for a "storytelling sensibility as robustly populist as anything by Sorkin or Spielberg". He praised Llinás's "cannily condensed" script and considered Juliá's cinematography, Saiegh's production design, and Estrada's editing responsible for the film's "cinematic sweep and scope". He also commended Mitre's direction for balancing "emotionally raw material and more amped-up, tension-driven subplots" and highlighted Darín's performance for his final speech, which he considered "one of the most riveting, hair-raising scenes of speechifying in recent cinema".[65] Writing for IndieWire, Sophie Monks Kaufman gave the film a "B+", praising Darín's performance as the main force uniting the different elements of the film, as well as the "nostalgic warmth" of the set design. Monks Kaufman also pointed out the shifts in tone, contrasting the "served straight" trial scenes with the "Ally McBeal-esque irreverence" of Strassera's personal life; she ultimately criticized the use of "Inconciente colectivo" by Charly García as a "triumphalist outro music" that collided with the "quiet way" in which the results of the trial are revealed.[66]

Accolades
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
Academy Awards 12 March 2023 Best International Feature Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [67]
British Academy Film Awards 19 February 2023 Best Film Not in the English Language Santiago Mitre Nominated [68]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards 15 January 2023 Best Foreign Language Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [69]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association 19 December 2022 Best Foreign Language Film Argentina, 1985 3rd place [70]
Forqué Awards 17 December 2022 Best Latin-American Film Argentina, 1985 Won [71]
Georgia Film Critics Association 13 January 2023 Best International Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [70]
Golden Globe Awards 10 January 2023 Best Foreign Language Film Argentina, 1985 Won [72]
Golden Reel Awards 26 February 2023 Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Foreign Language Feature Santiago Fumagalli, Juan Ignacio Giobio, Nahuel De Camillis, Ignacio Seligra, Nicolás Mannara, Diego Marcone, Stephen M. Davis Nominated [73]
Goya Awards 11 February 2023 Best Ibero-American Film Argentina, 1985 Won [74]
Hollywood Critics Association Awards 24 February 2023 Best International Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [75]
Houston Film Critics Society 18 February 2023 Best Foreign Language Feature Argentina, 1985 Nominated [76]
London Film Festival 16 October 2022 Best Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [77]
National Board of Review 8 December 2022 Top Five Foreign Language Films Argentina, 1985 Won [78]
Freedom of Expression Award Argentina, 1985 Won
Platino Awards 22 April 2023 Best Ibero-American Film Argentina, 1985 Won [79]
Best Director Santiago Mitre Nominated
Best Actor Ricardo Darín Won
Peter Lanzani Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Carlos Portaluppi Nominated
Norman Briski Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Alejandra Flechner Nominated
Best Screenplay Santiago Mitre, Mariano Llinás Won
Best Original Score Pedro Osuna Nominated
Best Cinematography Javier Juliá Nominated
Best Art Direction Micaela Saiegh Won
Best Film Editing Andrés Pepe Estrada Nominated
Best Sound Santiago Fumagalli Nominated
Film and Education Values Argentina, 1985 Won
San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle 9 January 2023 Best International Feature Film Argentina, 1985 Nominated [80]
San Sebastián International Film Festival 24 September 2022 Audience Award Argentina, 1985 Won [81]
Satellite Awards 3 March 2023 Best Motion Picture – International Argentina, 1985 Won [82]
Venice International Film Festival 10 September 2022 Golden Lion Santiago Mitre Nominated [41]
FIPRESCI Award Won [83]
SIGNIS Award Special Mention Won

See also

References
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