Armorial of British universities

The armorial of British universities is the collection of coats of arms of universities in the United Kingdom. Modern arms of universities began appearing in England around the middle of the 15th century, with Oxford's being possibly the oldest university arms in the world, being adopted around the end of the 14th century.[1] The earliest granting of university arms was to King's College Cambridge by Henry VI in 1449.[2][3][4] Arms are granted by the College of Arms[5] and Lyon Court. It has been suggested that new universities register arms is an attempt to appear more traditional or legitimate.[6] As corporations, older university arms have historically been granted without a crest, however newer institutions use crests with mantling, including new colleges at older universities.[7][8][9] The first crest granted to a university was to Leeds in 1905 while the first British university to be granted supporters was Sussex in 1962, although both Oxford and Cambridge have used angels as supporters and Cambridge has used the 'alma mater' emblem as a crest without these components being officially granted.[10]

Coats of arms of Russell Group universities

University and college arms often incorporate, or are simply copies of, arms of their founders or local authorities.[2][3][11] At collegiate universities, constituent colleges may bear their own arms, such as at Cambridge and Oxford.[2][3] Many older coats of arms were recorded by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies in The Book of Public Arms in 1915, which also recorded some coats of arms of constituent colleges,[12] and by John Woodward in A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry in 1894.[13] Most university mottos are not granted with the coats of arms, instead being added by custom by the institution, an exception to this being the arms of Imperial College London.[14] Those universities in Ireland that existed prior to independence from the United Kingdom were granted arms along the lines of other British universities;[15] these are listed separately below.

An open book (referencing historically the Christian bible) as symbol of 'wisdom', 'knowledge', 'learning' is common to many arms. A flaming torch or sometimes a lamp representing enlightenment features often, as does a wheatsheaf symbolising growth and an owl representing wisdom. A martlet representing strenuous effort is sometimes found. Keys in the form of crossed keys, pairs of keys or a single key held by a beast are also common to several university arms. The keys represent access to heaven and symbolically the access to greater things brought about through education.

Not all universities have a coat of arms. Many arts universities are not armigerous:

Additionally, the following are also non-armigerous:

The images below may be either be the coat of arms in the form of a shield (escutcheon) or the 'full heraldic achievement', as granted by the College of Arms or the Lyon Court. Some arms may be assumed arms, often taken from a founder or benefactor, particularly in the case of colleges and halls within universities.[16]

Arms of universities

Ancient Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Aberdeen, granted 26 September 1888 Escutcheon: Quarterly: 1st Azure a bough pot Or charged with three salmon fishes in fret Proper and containing as many lilies of the garden the dexter in bud the centre full blown and the sinister half blown also Proper flowered Argent issuant from the middle chief amid rays of the sun a dexter hand holding an open book likewise Proper, 2nd Argent a chief paly of six Or and Gules, 3rd Argent a chevron sable between three boars' heads erased Gules armed of the field and langued Azure, 4th Gules a tower triple-towered Argent masoned Sable windows and port of the last. Motto: Initium Sapientiae Timor Domini (The beginning of wisdom is fear of the Lord) The university's coat of arms incorporates those of the founders and locations of the two colleges it is derived from. In the top left quadrant are the arms of the burgh of Old Aberdeen, with the addition of a symbol of knowledge being handed down from above. Top right are those of George Keith, the fifth Earl Marischal. Bottom left are those of Bishop William Elphinstone.[17] The bottom right quarter is a simplified version of the three castles which represent the city of Aberdeen[18] (this symbol of the city also appears prominently on the arms of The Robert Gordon University).
	Cambridge, granted 1573[19] Escutcheon: Gules on a cross Ermine between four lions passant Or a Bible lying fessways of the field clasped and garnished of the third the clasps in base. Motto: Hinc Lucem Et Pocula Sacra (From here, light and sacred draughts) - adopted by custom; not part of the grant The lions represent the university's royal patronage, the ermine represents dignity, and the Bible on the cross represents both knowledge and the Christian faith.
	Edinburgh, granted 22 October 1789 Escutcheon: Argent on a saltire Azure between a thistle Proper in chief and a rock Sable in base a book expanded Or. The Saltire and thistle are national symbols of Scotland (although the former's colours are reversed), while the castle is taken from the coat of arms of Edinburgh. The open book symbolizes learning.[20]
	Glasgow, granted 14 June 1900 Escutcheon: Azure the university mace in pale Or between on the dexter a tree surmounted on top by a bird Proper on the sinister an ancient handbell and in chief an open book Argent and surmounted in base of a salmon on its back holding in its mouth a signet ring also Proper. Motto: Via Veritas Vita (The way, the truth, the life)
	Oxford, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Azure, upon a book open proper leathered gules garnished or having on the dexter side seven seals of the last the words DOMINVS ILLVMINATIO MEA all between three open crowns two and one or. Motto: Dominus illuminatio mea (The Lord is my light) In his Display of Heraldrie (1610), John Guillim interprets the arms as follows: The Book itself some have thought to signifie that Book mentioned in the Apocalyps, having seven Seals: but these here are taken rather to be the seven Liberal Sciences, and the Crowns to be the reward and honour of Learning and Wisdome; and the triplicity of the Crowns are taken to represent the three Cardinal Professions or Faculties before specified [Theology, Physick and Law]. The Inscription I find to vary according to variety of times: some having Sapientia & Felicitate, Wisdome and Happiness; others (and that very ancient) Deus illuminatio mea, The Lord is my light; others this, Veritas liberat, bonitas regnabit, Truth frees us, Godliness crowneth us; and others thus, In principio, &c. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God.[21]
	St Andrews, granted 24 November 1905 Escutcheon: Parted per saltire Argent and Azure in chief a book expanded Proper leaved Gules and in base a lion rampant of the last armed and langued of the second on a chief of the fourth a crescent reversed of the first between two mascles Or. Motto Αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν (Ever to excel) The silver and blue saltire references Scotland. The open book represents learning. The lion rampant is from the royal arms of Scotland and represents King James I (1406–1437). The crescent moon represents Peter de Luna who as Pope Benedict XIII issued the bulls of foundation in 1413. The gold diamonds on the chief are taken from the personal arms of Henry Wardlaw, Bishop of St Andrews (1404–1440).[22]

19th Century Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Durham, granted 22 May 1843[23] Escutcheon: Argent a Cross Pattée quadrate Gules; a Canton Azure charged with a Chevron Or between three Lions rampant of the First. Motto: Fundamenta Ejus Super Montibus Sanctis (Her foundations are upon the holy hills) The arms feature St Cuthbert's cross, referencing the link to Durham Cathedral (the shrine of St Cuthbert) and, in the canton, the arms of Bishop Hatfield of Durham, the founder of Durham College, Oxford, advancing the idea that the university is its successor institute.[24][25] St Cuthbert's Cross was used as the university's seal prior to the grant of arms and appears on the coats of arms of many Durham colleges, as well as those of Newcastle University.
	London, granted 10 April 1838 Escutcheon: Argent on a cross Gules the union rose irradiated and ensigned with the imperial crown Proper a chief Azure thereon an open book also Proper the clasps Gold.
	Wales, granted 2 May 1910 Escutcheon: Argent on a fess murrey three medieval lamps Or all within a bordure of the second charged with eight mullets of the third. Crest: Upon a Helm a Wreath of the colours a Dragon statant Gules resting the dexter claw on an open book Proper inscribed with the words "GOREU AWEN GWIRIONEDD"[26] [27] Motto: Scientia Ingenium Artes (Science, engineering, arts) The lamps in the design signify the three constituent colleges (Aberystwyth, Bangor, Cardiff) when the university was established in 1893. The eight mullets or stars represent the elements which made up the original university court.

Civic Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Birmingham, granted 27 August 1900 Escutcheon: Per chevron the chief per pale Gules and Azure in dexter a lion rampant with two heads in sinister a mermaid holding in the dexter hand a mirror and in the sinister a comb Or the base Sable charged with an open book Proper with two buckles and straps and edges of the third inscribed "PER ARDUA AD ALTA". Motto: Per ardua ad alta (Through efforts great heights are reached) The open book represents learning. The double headed lion and mermaid are adopted from the arms of Josiah Mason founder of the Mason Science College an institution which was incorporated into the university in 1900.
	Bristol, granted 4 December 1909 Escutcheon: Argent on a cross quadrant Gules a representation of the arms of the City of Bristol between in pale a sun in splendour and an open book Proper leaved and clasped Or and inscribed with the words "NISI QUIA DOMINUS" and in fesse to the dexter a dolphin embowed and to the sinister a horse courant both of the third. Motto: Vim Promovet Insitam (Promote one's innate power) The arms contain symbols representing the families of three benefactors i.e. the sun for the WIlls family, a horse for the Fry family and a dolphin for the Colston family. The open book represents learning. The ship and castle are taken from the Bristol city coat of arms.[28]
	Exeter, granted 24 May 1924 (as University College of the South West of England) Escutcheon: Argent, a saltire vert surmounted in chief of an open book proper inscribed with the words LUCEM SEQUIMUR; on a chief gules a triple-towered fortress gold; all within a bordure sable bezantee. Motto: Lucem sequimur (We follow the light) [29] Note: The College of the South West of England formed the University of Exeter in 1955, to which the arms transferred. The university coat of arms symbolises the university's historical associations with the region. The triangular gold castle with three towers comes from Exeter's coat of arms and represents Rougemont Castle, as alluded to by the red background. The 15 gold bezants (Byzantine gold coins) that appear around the edge of the shield are from the arms of the Duchy of Cornwall and represent Cornwall, while the green cross on the white background is from the city of Plymouth's coat of arms. The theme of learning is symbolised by the book.
	Hull, granted 22 November 1927 (as University College Hull) Escutcheon: Azure, a torch fired and enfiled with a ducal coronet Or between on the dexter a rose argent, barbed and seeded proper, and on the sinister a fleur-de-lys of the second; on a chief wavy of the third a dove of the first. Motto: Lampada Ferens[30] (Carrying the light of learning) The symbols are the torch for learning, the white rose for Yorkshire, the ducal coronet from the arms of the city of Hull, the fleur-de-lys for Lincolnshire and the dove, symbolising peace, from the arms of benefactor Thomas Ferens.
	Leeds, granted 10 August 1905 Escutcheon: Vert an open book Proper edged and clasped Gold inscribed with the words "ET AUGEBITUR SCIENTIA" between in chief three mullets Argent and in base a rose of the last seeded Proper. Crest: On a wreath of the colours a Greek sphinx Gules. Motto: Et augebitur scientia (And knowledge will be increased) The three stars (mullets) are taken from the arms of the city of Leeds and derived originally from the coat of arms of Sir Thomas Danby who was the first mayor. The open book represents learning. The white rose is a symbol of Yorkshire
	Leicester, granted 3 April 1922 Escutcheon: Gules, an open book strapped proper and buckled and inscribed with the words "Ut Vitam Habeant" in letters Or, between in chief two cinquefoils pierced ermine and in base a horse shoe also Or. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A demi gryphon segreant Or holding between the claws an open book as in the Arms. [31] Motto: Ut vitam habeant (So that they may have life) The open book symbolises learning. One of the cinquefoils represents the city of Leicester, the other the county of Leicestershire. The horseshoe represents the county of Rutland. The demi-gryphon on the crest is taken from the arms of benefactor Thomas Fielding Johnson.[32] The institution was called Leicestershire and Rutland University College from 1921 to 1927 and University College, Leicester from 1927 to 1957.
	Liverpool, granted 30 October 1903 Escutcheon: Azure an open book Argent inscribed "FIAT LUX" in letters Sable bound and on the sinister side seven clasps Or between three cormorants otherwise called Livers wings elevated of the second each holding in the beak a branch of seaweed called Laver proper. Motto: Haec Otia Studia Fovent[33] (These days of peace foster learning) Note: granted in 1903 according to Fox-Davies,[12] but recorded as in use by University College, Liverpool in 1894 by Woodward.[13]
	Manchester, granted 10 May 2010[34] Escutcheon: Per fess nebuly enhanced Bleu-celeste and Purpure issuant in chief a sun in Splendour or in base three bees volant Proper. Crest: Upon a helm within a coronet composed of four roses Purpure barbed Argent seeded and set upon a circlet Or a demi lion guardant Or murally crowned Argent holding in the paws a torch erect Sable enflamed Or. Motto: Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas (Knowledge, wisdom and humanity) The arms combine elements of the two predecessor institutions University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and the Victoria University of Manchester. The crowned lion on the crest appeared on the UMIST coat of arms, while the sun against a blue background belonged to the Victoria shield, symbolising growing enlightenment. The (worker) bees symbolise the university's connection with the city of Manchester and also appear on the UMIST arms.
	Nottingham, granted 15 April 1948 Escutcheon: Barry wavy of six argent and azure, a cross moline gules; on a chief of the last an open book proper clasped Or inscribed with the words 'Quarente Ostium', in Roman characters sable between two domed towers also proper, that to the dexter ensigned with an increscent of the first and that to the sinister with an estoile, also Or. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, On a mount vert an oak tree proper, fructed Or, between two garbs resting against the trunk gold. Motto: Sapientia Urbs Conditur (A city is built on wisdom) [35]
	Queen's, Belfast, granted 24 March 1910 by Nevile Wilkinson, Ulster King of Arms.[36] Escutcheon: Per saltire Azure and Argent on a saltire Gules between in chief an open book and in base a harp both Proper in dexter a hand couped of the third and in sinister a seahorse gorged with a mural crown of the fourth an imperial crown of the last. Motto: Pro Tanto Quid Retribuamus (What shall we give in return for so much?)
	Reading, granted 7 August 1896 (as Reading University Extension College)[37] Escutcheon: Per fesse gules and sable, in chief three escallops fessewise or and in base a cross engrailed argent, a rose of the first thorned and seeded proper. The Reading University Extension College became the University of Reading in 1926. The three scallop shells in the chief are derived from the coat of arms of Reading Abbey. The engrailed cross is adopted from the arms of Christ Church Oxford the sponsor of the then Extension College. The Lancashire rose references the arms of the royal county of Berkshire.[38][39]
	Sheffield, granted June 1905 Escutcheon: Azure an open book Proper edged Gold inscribed with the words "DISCE DOCE" between in fess two sheaves of eight arrows interlaced saltireways and banded Argent in chief an open crown Or and in base a rose also Argent barbed and seeded Proper. Motto: Rerum Cognoscere Causas (To know the cause of things) The open book inscribed with Disce Doce (Learn and Teach) is self-explanatory. The sheaves of eight silver arrows are from the arms of the city of Sheffield. The gold crown is a 'crown of success' i.e. an emblem of achievemnt and the white rose represents Yorkshire.[40]
	Southampton, granted 1 March 1, 1948 Escutcheon: Argent, a hart trippant gules; on a chief azure an open book proper, edged and bound or Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A dragon rampant Or supporting a staff proper, flying therefrom to the sinister a flag per fesse argent and gules charged with three roses counterchanged [two and one] barbed and seeded also proper Motto: Strenuis Ardua Cedunt (The heights yield to endeavour) The open book in the chief is a symbol of learning. The hart is a wordplay referencing Henry Robinson Hartley who bequethed funds to form the Hartley Institution which eventulally became the University of Southampton.[41]

1960s Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Aston, granted 18 March 1955 Escutcheon: Azure, five lozenges conjoined in bend Or; on a chief argent, an open book proper, bound gules edged Or, between two hammers erect sable. Crest: On a wreath argent, gules and sable, Out of a mural crown sable a cubit arm, vested argent, the hand proper holding a torch gules enflamed also proper, between two branches of laurel Or Supporters: To the dexter a Canada Goose and to the sinister a Red Squirrel both proper each wreathed about the neck with Gorse Or Motto: Forward On the chief the book represents learning and the ball-pein hammers the connection with metalwork industry. The mural crown in the crest is used by public bodies. The laurel wreath represents academia and also a link to Birmingham.[42]
	Bath, granted 15 November 1966 Escutcheon: Azure, a Watt Governor proper above a sword Argent with handle Or between two Gorgon's heads Or. Motto: Eneratim Discite Cultus (Learn the culture proper to each after its kind)[43] The sword is taken from the arms of the City of Bath, the two Gorgon's heads are the main symbol of the university, taken from a Roman sculpture found in the city. The Watt Governor is a common component in engines and duly represents technology taught at the university; once a merchant's school. The full heraldic achievement can be found displayed on buildings at the university campus.[44]
	Bradford, granted 20 Feb 1967 Escutcheon: Gules, an open book proper, edged, bound and having seven clasps, between in chief two bugle horns stringed Or and in base a rose argent barbed and seeded proper Crest: On a wreath of the colours, Issuant from the stock of an oak tree sprouting leaves, a cubit arm proper grasping a torch sable, issuant thereform seven rays of the sun Or Supporters: On either side a falcon, wings addorsed, argent, issuant from the head seven rays of the sun as in the crest. Motto: Give invention light The white Yorkshire rose on the red background symbolises the West Riding of that county. The bugle horns are taken from the arms of the city of Bradford. The open book represents learning and the seven clasps the quadrivium and trivium of classical education. On the crest the flaming torch represents enlightenment. The white falcon supporters reference the House of York and also link to the sun god Horus.[45]
	Brunel, granted 12 June 1970 Escutcheon: Azure, a pair of dividers chevronwise proper, in base on a pile re versed Or a lozenge ermine; a chief enarched in the form of a bridge of masonry proper Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A swan, wings addorsed, proper, about the neck a. mural crown Or, resting the dexter foot on a cogwheel proper The masonry arch symbolises I. K. Brunel's bridges. The compasses and the cogwheel symbolise technology. The ermine lozenge is an allusion to the Arms of Lord Halsbury, the first Chancellor of the university. The crest with a swan symbolises Uxbridge.
	Dundee, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Per saltire Argent and Azure, on a chief Gules a coronet of four fleurs-de-lys (two visible) and four crosses pattee (one and two halves visible) Or. Motto: Magnificat anima mea dominum (My soul doth magnify the Lord)
	East Anglia, granted 5 March 1964 Escutcheon: Azure, three ancient crowns Or, in chief a castle of three domes argent, flying from each the banner of St. George, the port sable, portcullis raised Or Crest: On a wreath argent, Or, and azure, Issuing from clouds proper an angel vested argent, mantled azure, winged, crined and crowned Or, holding in the dexter hand a sword erect proper, hilt and pomel Or, and in the sinister hand an open book also proper, edged, bound and leathered Or. Supporters: On either side a lion guardant Or, pendent from the neck by cords tasselled a purse azure, and holding with the interior paw an anciencrown gold. Motto: Do different The castle is taken from the Arms of Norwich. The three gold crowns are incorporated as the traditional emblems of East Anglia, being the crowns of St. Edmund the first King of the East Angles; representing his sovereignty, martyrdom and innocence.
	Essex, granted 10 December 1963 Escutcheon: Gules, three seaxes in pale, cutting edges upwards, argent, pomels and hilts to the dexter Or, in chief an open book proper edged and bound with seven clasps Or Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A wyvern statant argent upon two branch of oak raguly leaved fructed in saltire proper enfiled through an annulet argent Motto: Thought the harder, heart the keener The arms are those of the county of Essex, derived from the Kingdom of the East Saxons, with the addition of an open book to represent learning with seven clasps symbolising the quadrivium and trivium of classical education. The two oak branches on the crest represent the Wivenhoe parkland and the ancient Forest of Essex. On the crest there is a wyvern above an annulet. This is a wordplay of 'Wyvern-O' to represent the site of the university's main campus.[46]
	Heriot-Watt, granted August 1958 (as Heriot Watt College) Escutcheon: Per pale, two coats both demidiated; dexter, barry of six or and azure, an oak tree eradicated vert; sinister, argent, on a fess azure between an open book undemidiated, binding gules, in chief proper, and a mullet in base of the second, three cinquefoils of the first. Motto: Arte et Animo[47] (By skill and courage)
	Keele, granted 20 June 1950 Escutcheon: Or, on a chevron gules an open book argent, in base a scythe proper; on a chief wavy of the second a Stafford knot between a fleur-de-lys and a fret of the second. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, In front of a laurel vert a representation of Rodin's statue "Le Penseur" Or. Motto: Thanke God For All [48] Note: Before 1962 the institution was called the University College of North Staffordshire. The scythe is from the arms of the Sneyd family, who owned the Keele park estate from 1540 to 1949. The Sneyd family motto "Thanke God for All" was also adopted. The shield features the colours red and yellow to represent the County of Staffordshire as well as the Staffordshire chevron. The Stafford knot for Stafford, the Fleur-de-Lys for Burton upon Trent and the Fret depict the historical association with the industry of Stoke-on-Trent. On the crest an open book joins Rodin's Le Penseur, which is represented amid a wreath of laurel vert.
	Kent, granted 1 June 1967 Escutcheon: Per chevron argent and gules, in chief three Cornish choughs proper, and in base a horse rampant argent Crest: On a wreath of the colours In front of a representation of the West Gate of the City of Canterbury proper issuant from water harry wavy of four argent and azure, two crosiers in saltire Or Supporters: On either side a lion passant guardant dimidiated with the hull of an ancient ship Or Motto: Cui servire regnare est (To serve is to reign)
	Lancaster, granted 20 May 1966 Escutcheon: Or, a fesse wavy argent charged with two barrulets wavy azure between in chief two roses gules barbed and seeded and in base an open book proper bound and clasped; on a chief gules a lion passant Or. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, In front of two quill pens in saltire, points downward, azure, feathered Or, a Herdwick ram's head caboshed proper. Supporters: On the dexter side a bull gules, armed, unguled, collared and pendent from the collar a Panassus flower Or; and on the sinister side a dragon gules, collared and pendent from the collar a fleur-de-lys Or. Motto: Patet omnibus veritas (Truth lies open to all) The wavy blue line refers to the River Lune, a prominent geographic landmark of the city of Lancaster. Secondly, the two red roses are symbols of the House of Lancaster (and the county of Lancashire) and are taken directly from the arms of the Lancashire County Council. The open book represents wisdom and the university's purpose as an institution of learning. Lastly, the Lion passant comes from the arms of the Duchy of Lancaster.
	Loughborough, granted 5 October 1966 Escutcheon: Sable, on a cross engrailed purpure fimbriated argent between in the first quarter a cross composed of the upper and lower limbs of a cross crosslet and the horizontal limbs of a cross formy, and in the fourth quarter a thunderbolt, an ancient lamp, all Or. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A peacock proper supporting with the dexter claw a key purpure, the wards upward and irradiated Or. Motto: Veritate, Scientia, Labore (By truth, wisdom, and labour) [49] The official colour of the university is African violet. The coat of arms incorporates several symbols relevant to the history of the Loughborough area, including Offa of Mercia's cross (a symbol of the ancient kingdom of Mercia, within whose borders the town now stands) and the peafowl from the arms of the Dukes of Rutland.
	Newcastle, granted 28 January 1938 (as King's College, Durham)[50] Escutcheon: Azure, a cross of St. Cuthbert argent; on a chief of the last a lion passant guardant gules. Note: King's College, Durham became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1963.
	Open, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Azure an open Book proper bound Gules and irradiated Or thereon a Television Screen and on a Chief Or two Spools of Recording Tape proper Crest: On a Wreath Or Sable and Azure Between two Branches of Laurel Or the leaves fimbriated Gules a round based Escutcheon Azure round pierced in the Canton Supporters: On either side a Lion rampant Or Motto: Learn and live The television screen and tape reels reflect the technology initially used to support teaching. A different version is used in practice at present, omitting these. The escutcheon featured in the crest is used as a logo by the university.
	Salford, granted 6 January 2017[51] Escutcheon: Sable above a demi Sun issuant in base Argent charged with a demi Rose likewise issuant Gules barbed and seeded proper a Chain fesswise throughout enhanced and enarched and a Chief embattled and enarched Argent. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Sable A Lion passant guardant Gules armed langued and resting the dexter hind paw on a Shuttle fesswise Or and supporting with the dexter forepaw a Fire Beacon Sable enflamed proper tied to the pole thereof by a knot at the mid point of its length and flying to the sinister a Riband party lengthwise Argent and Sable Mantled Gules lined Argent. Supporters: On either side a Heraldic Antelope Sable attired langued and tufted Gules teeth Argent unguled and charged on the shoulder with a Bee volant Or and resting the interior hind foot on a Mooring Bollard Gules wound round with a Rope Or all upon a Compartment comprising a Quayside of grey stone setts issuant from Waves of Water proper. Motto Altiora Petamus (Let us seek higher things)
	Stirling, granted November 1966 Escutcheon: Arched bridge topped by a tower and surrounded by open books Motto: Innovation and excellence
	Strathclyde, granted 7 December 1964 Escutcheon: Per pale, Gules and Azure, a saltire Argent cantoned between an antique crown in chief Or and three cinquefoils Ermine in the flanks and base; on a chief Or a wave-packet Sable between two open books proper, fore-edges and binding of the First Motto: The place of useful learning
	Surrey, granted 5 October 1966 Escutcheon: Or, three swords palewise, points downwards, gules; on a chief - sable a pale cheeky azure and Or between two woolpacks argent Crest On a wreath Or and azure, A stag trippant proper, resting the dexter forehoof on a key Or The stag represents the medieval royal hunting park on which the main campus was built. The key is a heraldic symbol of learning
	Sussex, granted 15 March 1962 Escutcheon: Argent, on a chevron per pale Azure and Gules six martlets Or, between in chief two Saxon- crowns and in base a dolphin naiant Sable. Crest: On a wreath Argent and Gules, Two dolphins embowed, heads downwards, enfiled by a Saxon crown Or. Supporters: On either side a pelican in her piety Proper standing upon a book Gules, edged Or, each supporting a staff also Proper, that on the dexter flying a banner of the second charged with a lion passant guardant Gold dimidiating the hull of an ancient ship Argent, and that on the sinister flying a banner of the second charged with a stag's head caboshed Silver. Motto: Be still and know [52]
	Warwick, granted 5 October 1966 Escutcheon: Quarterly Gules and Sable; In the first quarter, an Elephant statant, on the back a Castle triple towered Or; In the second and third quarters, representations of the two Isotopes of Lithium, that in the second quarter having six and that in the third seven Protons and neutrons in its nucleus, with Electrons in orbit Argent: In the fourth quarter, a Bear and Ragged Staff Argent, muzzled Gules collared and chained Or; On a Chief Argent, a representation of a DNA Double Helix, spirals Azure, lined Gules, with connecting Lines Or. Crest: On a Wreath of the Colours, the Mantling Gules, doubled Or, an Open Book bound and clasped Argent, the pages Or, inscribed thereon in Roman Capitals Sable MENS AGITAT MOLEM, and resting on a book fesswise Argent, the fore edge to the front Or. Motto: Mens Agitat Molem (Mind Moves Matter) [11] The chief shows a DNA double helix representing science, likewise the atoms of isotopes of lithium in the quarters. The bear and ragged staff represents Warwickshire and the elephant and castle Coventry. The scroll below generally shows the Latin name of the university Universitas Warwickensis.[11]
	York, granted 20 June 1962 Escutcheon: Azure, on a chevron ermine three books fessewise, each with two clasps downwards, Or. Crest: On a wreath Or and azure, Out of a mural crown argent, masoned sable, two keys in saltire Or and silver, wards upward and outward, surmounted by a rose also argent, barbed and seeded proper. Motto: In Limine Sapientiae (On the threshold of wisdom) [53]

1980s Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Buckingham, royal charter granted in 1983 Escutcheon: Azure a Pall reversed between in chief two Bucks Heads caboshed Gold and in base three Bars Wavy Argent Motto: Alis Volans Propriis (Flying on our own wings)
	Ulster, granted 2 March 1985 Escutcheon: Per fess Gules and Argent a Pale countercharged over all an Ancient Lamp enflamed Or ensigned by a dexter Hand appaumy couped at the wrist Gules all within an Orle countercharged Or and Gules Crest: Upon a Helm a Wreath Argent and Gules Two Salmon leaping in saltire in front of a Branch of Yew Or fructed Gules Mantled Gules doubled Argent Supporters: Dexter an Irish Elk and sinister an Antelope both Argent armed Or and wreathed about the neck with a Torse therefrom a Line reflexed over the back and ending in a Tassel Argent and Gules

Post-1992 Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Abertay, granted 1953 to predecessor Dundee Institute of Technology[54] Escutcheon: Parted perfess, in chief tierced. 1st Ermine, a chevron engrailed between three mullets Gules; 2nd Azure, three chevronels Or; 3rd Argent, a spray of oak Proper fructed Or between three pheons Azure, in base Azure, a pot of three flowering lilies Argent between two flanches Or each charged with a book of Gules Motto: Beatus homo qui invenit sapientiam (Blessed is the one who finds wisdom) The pot of lilies is taken from the arms of the City and Royal Burgh of Dundee, and the two books are included to mark the educational nature of the institute. The arms of the Baxter family and those of the Dalgleish family (both benefactors) are shown in the top left and top right segments respectively, while the chevrons between them represent technical work.
	Anglia Ruskin, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Excellentia per Societatem (Excellence through partnership) The blue border represents the East Anglian region, surrounded by the sea. The sheaves of wheat represent agriculture. Gold roundels represent industry. The heron is the main symbol of the university, shown in the arms as both sinister and dexter supporters. The Crowns symbolise East Anglia.
	Birmingham City, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Age Quod Agis (Do what you are doing)
	Bournemouth, granted in 1992 Escutcheon: Motto: Discere Mutari Est (To learn is to change) The talbots, the heraldic beasts on the shield, represent the location of the main campus. The crowns denote the three Saxon crowns of the Kingdom of Wessex, and the nearby boroughs. The blue represents the nearby sea, reflecting the location of the university, on the Jurassic Coast of Dorset. The red dragon as supporter represents Dorset, and the scroll represents learning.
	Central Lancashire, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Per chevron invected of two points downwards Azure and Or in chief a Paschal Lamb couchant Argent nimbed and supporting a Cross staff Or flying therefrom a Pennon Argent and in base a rose Gules barbed and seeded proper Crest: issuant from a Chaplet of roses sans barbs two being manifest Gules leaves Sable a Lion’s Gamb holding a Scroll proper Supporters On either side a Lion guardant proper gorged with a Collar Vair holding in the interior fore paw a Torch Gules enflamed proper and resting the interior hind paw on a Closed Book bound Gules edged and clasped Or the whole upon a compartment comprising a Grassy Mound vert Motto: Ex solo ad solem (From the earth to the sun)[55] The paschal lamb is taken from the arms of the city of Preston. The red rose represents Lancashire.[56]
	Coventry, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Arte et Industria (By art and industry) The phoenix represents the revival/rebirth of Coventry following the city's devastation during the Second World War.[57]
	Cranfield, granted 1 January 1971 to predecessor Cranfield Instutute of Technology Escutcheon: Per chevron barry undy Or and Azure and Azure in base a Torch of three branches Or inflamed proper Crest: Out of an Astral Crown Azure in front of an Owl wings displayed Argent two Keys addorsed wards upwards Or Supporters: On either side a Crane proper pendant from the neck of each a Crown rayonnée Or the whole on a Compartment composed of a marshy bank with reeds proper Motto: Post Nubes Lux (After clouds light) The university states that "the ‘bars undy wavy’ in the chief of the shield in combination with the cranes allude to the university's name, Cranfield, which etymologically derives from ‘cranuc-feld’, meaning a field frequented by Cranes. The three-branched torch in the base refers to learning and knowledge in the sciences of Engineering, Technology and Management. The astral crown in the crest alludes to the College of Aeronautics and also commemorates The Lord Kings Norton as Chancellor, having regard to his contribution to the development of aeronautical research and his links with the college. The keys represent gaining of knowledge by study and instruction and the owl represents knowledge in the widest sense."[58]
	De Montfort, granted to predecessor institution i.e. Leicester Polytechnic 8 July 1990 Escutcheon: Per fess wavy Gules and Azure Or in chief a Lion passant and in base a Cinquefoil pierced of the field countercharged Crest: upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and Gules Between two Sprigs of Laurel Or a Roundel its obverse and reverse per fess wavy Gules and Azure on the obverse a open Book bound Or leaved Argent Supporters: On the dexter side a Lion and on the sinister a Kestrel Wings expanded and addorsed all Or upon a Grassy Mound Vert growing therefrom two Roses Gules barbed and seeded proper and stalked and leaved Vert Motto: Excellentia et studium (Excellence and zeal) The lion and cinquefoil are both taken from the arms of the city of Leicester.[59]
	Derby, granted 21 December 1995 Escutcheon: Azure an Armillary Sphere Or on a Chief Gules a Cross Potent Quadrate Argent charged with a fountain proper between two Stags' Heads Caboshed Argent Crest: upon a Helm with a Wreath Or Azure and Gules An Owl rising gorged with a Chain Gold pendent therefrom a Rose Gules Charged with another Argent barbed and seeded proper and resting the dexter claw on an Open Book proper edged and bound Supporters: On the Dexter a Stag proper attired unguled and gorged with a Collar of Park Palings Or and supprting with the dexter forehoof a Sprig of Broom proper and on the sinister a Male Griffin Sable armed and rayed Gold gorged with a Circlet of Cogwheels Argent and supporting with the sinister foreclaws a Miner's Pick proper Motto: Experientia docet (Experience is the best teacher)
	East London, granted 25 April 2013[60] Escutcheon: Azure a Torch enflamed Or enfiling an Annulet embattled on the outer edge Argent between two Keys in pile the wards upwards and outwards Or on a Chief wavy Argent three Acorns proper. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and Azure Upon a pile of three Closed Books fesswise those at the top and bottom with their spines to the dexter and that in the middle with its spine to the sinister Azure edged and garnished Or a Kylix issuant therefrom a Phoenix Or the flames proper. Supporters: On either side A Phoenix Or the flames proper gorged with an Annulet embattled on the outer edge Azure Motto: Scientia et votorum impletio (Knowledge and the fulfillment of promises)
	Edinburgh Napier, granted 7 June 1965 Escutcheon: Tierced in pairle reversed; 1st, Argent, a castle triple-towered parted per pale Gules and Sable upon a rock Proper, roofs counterchanged, masoning, two windows and port of the First; 2nd; Gules, on a bend Argent three crescents Azure; 3rd, Argent a saltire engrailed Gules cantoned between four roses of the Second, barbed Vert and seeded Or. Motto Nisi Sapienta Frustra (Without knowledge, everything is in vain) The arms of John Napier of Merchiston (1550-1617), the inventor of logarithms, whose birthplace, Merchiston Castle, is now part of the university are in the top right part of the shield. The arms of the City of Edinburgh, as founders of Napier College, are in the top left. The lower part of the shield shows the modern arms of the Napier family.
	Glasgow Caledonian, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Motto: For the common weal The arms combine elements of two founding colleges: Glasgow College of Technology and The Queen's College, Glasgow.
	Greenwich, granted 7 December 1990 to the university's predecessor institution Thames Polytechnic, to mark the centenary of the original foundation as Woolwich Polytechnic in 1890 Escutcheon: Barry wavy of six Argent and Azure upon a Pale Sable a Gun Barrel erect surmounted on the breach by a Lion's Face Or on a Chief Gules an Open Book proper bound Or between on the dexter a Cog Wheel and on the sinister a Capital of a Doric Column both Or Crest: Statant within a Coronet the finials composed of Roses and Escallops reversed alternately Or and Owl Gules Supporters: Dexter a Horse Argent in front of a Cedar Tree proper and sinister a Lion Or in front of an Oak Tree proper on a Compartment comprising a Grassy Mount proper Motto: Discere, Agere, Conficere (To learn, to do, to achieve)
	Hertfordshire, granted 1992 Escutcheon: Purpure a Fess conjoined to two Flaunches Argent between in chief a Representation of the Constellation Perseus consisting of six Mullets and in base an Oak Tree couped and fructed Gold Crest: Within an Astral Crown Or a Phoenix Sable in flames proper beaked Gold and gorged with a Wreath of Laurel Vert Mantled Purpure and Sable doubled Argent Supporters: On either side a Hart Gules attired and unguled Or gorged with a Riban per fess Purpure and Sable pendant therefrom by a ring an Annulet embattled on the outer edge Gold enfiled by a Quill that on the dexter bendwise and that on the sinister bendwise sinister Argent and resting the interior hind hoof on a covered Cup Or the Compartments comprising Water barry wavy Argent and Azure between two Grassy Mounts Proper Motto: Quaere scientiam tota vita (Seek knowledge throughout life) The shield is charged with an oak tree taken from the coat of arms of the former Hatfield Rural District, the constellation Perseus (containing the binary star Algol) and a representation of the letter "H" recalling the emblem of the former Hatfield Polytechnic. The crest, a Phoenix rising from an astral crown, represents the university's evolution from a technical college training apprentices for the aviation industry. The two harts supporting the shield represent the county of Hertfordshire, with the covered cups referring to A.S. Butler, who donated the land upon which the original campus was built
	Huddersfield, granted 11 January 1979 to predecessor institution Huddersfield Polytechnic Escutcheon: On an open Book proper bound Sable on the dexter page the word Trivium and on the sinister the word Quadrivium in letters Sable on a Chief of the last a Tower between two Rams passant Argent Crest: upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and Sable A Ram sejant affrontly Argent gorged with a Collar Sable horned and unguled Or and supporting before itself an open Book proper bound Sable charged on the dexter page with a fleur de lys and on the sinister with a Teasel Cob slipped Gules Mantled Sable doubled Or Supporters: On either side a lion Or winged Sable that on the dexter charged on the shoulder with a Torch Sable enflamed proper and that on the sinister charged on the shoulder with a Terrestrial Globe the oceans Gules the land masses Sable Motto: Sic Vos Non Vobis (Thus not for you alone) The open book represents learning and the Latin text thereupon is the quadrivium and trivium of classical education.
	Kingston, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Per Scientiam Progredimur (Through learning we progress)
	Lincoln, granted 12 May 2011[61] Escutcheon: Argent a Pall reversed between in chief two closed Books Azure garnished Or and in base a Garb Azure banded Or. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Azure Upon the top of a Gothic Tower Azure a Peregrine Falcon guardant close Or. Supporters: On either side a Swan Argent holding in the beak a Fleur de Lys Gules. Motto: Libertas per Sapientiam (Freedom through wisdom) On the arms the blue reversed pall represents regional waterways and also the joining of local institutions to form the university. The books represent knowledge and the wheatsheaf agricultural heritage. On the crest the tower is a symbol of Lincoln cathedral and the falcon of strength and flight. The fleur-de-lys held by the swan supporters represent the city of Lincoln. The swans reference Saint Hugh of Lincoln.[62]
	Liverpool John Moores, granted 16 September 1989 Escutcheon: Barry wavy of six Argent and Azure three Cormorants rising wings addorsed Sable sans legs beaked Or and each enfiling a Mercantile Crown Or Crest: Upon a helm with a Wreath Argent and Gules a Sea Owl displayed Sable beaked and the piscine parts Or Supporters: Dexter a Peregrine Falcon and Sinister a Raven each statant on a Doctoral Hat upon a compartment comprising a grassy mount all proper Motto: Audentes fortuna juvat (Fortune favours the bold) The three cormorants ('liver birds') and crowns represent the city of Liverpool and its mercantile traditions. The waves symbolise a maritime connection.
	London South Bank, granted 1970 Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Do it with thy might Two Thames barges: a pentagon surrounded by five other pentagons
	Manchester Metropolitan, granted 1991 to predecessor Manchester Polytechnic Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Many arts, many skills The symbols in the chief each consist of up to six 'spade-irons' (metal blades of spades) and are symbols of hard work and link to Manchester's cultural and physical landscape. The chequerboard symbolises opportunity and the variety of academic disciplines available. The flame represents a burning enthusiasm for learning. In the crest the lion references the arms of the city of Manchester. Likewise the globe covered with bees. The latter representing industriousness and the former internationalism and a global student body. The antelope supporters, breathing flames of knowledge, reference the Manchester arms but are outward looking in pursuit of knowledge and opportunity.[63]
	Middlesex, adopted from arms of Middlesex County Council granted 7 November 1910 Escutcheon: Gules three Seaxes fessewise in pale proper pommelled and hilted Or points to the sinister and cutting edge upwards in chief a Saxon Crown of the last The arms are based on the traditional arms of the Kingdom of the East and Middle Saxons, as used by the Essex and Middlesex counties. In the case of Middlesex, a Saxon crown was added at the time of the grant.
	Northumbria, granted 9 November 1995 Escutcheon: Per fess enarched and embattled Argent and Gules in chief two Castles triple-towered also Gules and in base an open Book Or Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Gules A Lion sejant affronty Or holding in the dexter forepaw a Torch Azure enflamed proper and supporting with the sinister forepaw a Trident also Azure Supporters: On either side a Sea-horse the head neck and forelegs Argent the piscine parts Bleu céleste dorsally finned Or gorged with a Mural Crown Gules and supporting between the forelegs a Trident erect Azure Motto: Aetas Discendi (The age of learning) The university states 'Northumbria's shield contains two triple-towered castles, representing the City of Newcastle upon Tyne, and an open book which represents learning. The arched line of battlements dividing the shield refers to the Roman Wall, a historic feature of Northumberland. Whilst the curve of the arch reflects the King George the Fifth Bridge over the River Tyne, more generally the bridge alludes to the university's role in the transmission of knowledge to, and strong links, with the society in which its located.'[64] The crest is a lion grasping a flaming torch which is an emblem of learning, also a trident as the emblem of the old god of the River Tyne. The supporters are seahorses referencing the arms of Newcastle upon Tyne but with the addition of crowns around their necks, alluding to the roman Wall and holding tridents of the River Tyne.
	Nottingham Trent, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: The arms are on a green field divided by a river with an oak tree above the river and a version of a raguley cross below the river. There is therefore, representation of both city (the cross) and county (the tree) and the position of the University on both banks of the river. The supporters are a stag (the city) and a lioness (the county) although the style, colouring and collars are quite different to those used by the municipal authorities. The crest is a phoenix arising from the flames which can be interpreted as the birth of the University or as a reference to D.H.Lawrence who studied at the former University College in the Arkwright Building and who used the phoenix as a publishing symbol. Nottingham Trent University.png
	Plymouth, granted 2008 Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Indagate Fingite Invenite (Explore, dream, discover) The open books represent the university's focus on learning and scholarship. The scattering of small stars represents navigation, which has played a key role in the history of the city and the university. The scallop shells in gold represent pilgrimage, a sign of the importance of the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers from the Barbican aboard the Mayflower in 1620. A Pelican and a Golden Hind support the shield and reflect both the original and later, better known, name of Sir Francis Drake's ship. The crest contains the Latin motto Indagate Fingite Invenite ('Explore Dream Discover'), a quote from Mark Twain, reflecting the university's ambitions for its students and Plymouth's history of great seafarers.
	Portsmouth, granted to Portsmouth Polytechnic 8 June 1982, transferred by Royal Licence to the University of Portsmouth 17 October 2017.[65] Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Lucem Sequamur (Let us follow the light)
	Robert Gordon, granted 1993 Escutcheon: Motto: Omni Nunc Arte Magistra (Now by all your mastered arts) The three boar heads are taken from the arms of Clan Gordon. The tower is taken from the arms of Aberdeen. The wavy pale has symbols for engineering (wheel), learning (torch) and finance (bezant).
	Sheffield Hallam, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Learn and serve
	Staffordshire, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Sapere Audev (Dare to know) The reversed pall ('inverted Y') represents the conjoining of various institutions to form the current university. The open book represents learning. The Stafford knot on both the escutcheon and crest is a traditional symbol of the county of Staffordshire. The red and white colouring link to the Stoke-on-Trent city arms. The owl represents Athena goddess of wisdom. The swallow supporters represent the students and knowledge they bring from elsewhere in the world.[66])
	Sunderland, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Scientiam Dulce Hauriens (Sweetly absorbing knowledge) The university states that on the crest the ship represents a maritime connection. On the escutcheon chief are bishop's mitres referencing the localities of Bishopwearmouth and Monkwearmouth and St Peter's keys. The sun represents the light of learning and is a wordplay on Sunderland. Eight gyrons behind the sun reference many courses of study offered. The gryphon supporter signifies wisdom and looks to the future. The lion is adopted from the coat of arms of County Durham.[67]
	Teesside, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Facta Non Verba (Deeds not words) The shield includes a white rose of Yorkshire, a ship representing the town's maritime heritage and a book (learning). The crest includes an anchor, also a maritime reference.
	Westminster, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Purpure a portcullis chained Argent, on a chief of the Second an open book Proper, bound of the First, inscribed with the word "Veritas" between two roses Gules each charged with another Argent barbed and seeded Proper. Crest: On a wreath Argent and Purpure, a demi-lion of the Second with wings of the First resting the sinister paw on a book Proper bound Purpure, charged with a portcullis chained Argent. Supporters: On the dexter a ram Argent armed and unguled Or gorged with an ancient crown Purpure supporting a ceremonial mace Or and on the sinister a lion Or armed and langued Gules supporting a spear Argent. Motto: The Lord is our strength The portcullis is the symbol of Westminster whilst the open book symbolises learning. Queen Elizabeth II the Patron is represented by the Tudor rose, a royal emblem.
	West of England, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Light liberty learning The arms are derived from those of a predecessor institution St Matthias College (itself formerly Gloucester and Bristol Diocesan Training Institution for School Mistresses). The crest links to another predecessor institution the Merchant Venturers' Navigation School. The firebasket in the ship'a rigging represents guidance, hope and a desire for learning. The sinister supporter is a unicorn and is taken from the arms of the city of Bristol. The dexter supporter is a sea stag and is from the arms of the former county of Avon. Both supporters wear on the neck the crown of King Edgar referencing the monarch's association with Bath Abbey and hence the region. The supporters' epaulets symbolise fountains of knowledge and learning. Both supporters also hold an apple tree - the tree of knowledge.[68]
	West of Scotland, granted 18 May 2017 Escutcheon: Motto: Doctrina Prosperitas (Learning is success)
	Wolverhampton, granted October 1994[69] Escutcheon: Between two Chevrons Couped inverted and conjoined, three pairs of Keys Saltire Wards upwards and outwards, two in chief and one in base Azure Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath of the Colours Rising from behind an open book, proper edged or bound Gules each page, charged with a sprigg of three Hazel Nuts all slipped and involucred Azure, a demi Sun in splendour Gold mantled Azure doubled Supporters: The supporter on the dexter side a representation of Thomas Telford (1757 - 1834), civil engineer, proper habited Azure. On the sinister a representation of Lady Wulfrun proper habited Azure, holding in the sinister hand a Deed partially unrolled or pendent there from a Seal Gules as the same are in the margin hereof more plainly depicted Motto: Innovation and opportunity

21st Century Universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Aberystwyth, granted 7 May 1938 to predecessor University College Wales[70] Escutcheon: Per chevron Or and vert in chief two dragons combatant gules, armed and langued azure, and in base an open book proper Crest On a wreath of the colours, A castle battlement in flames, arising therefrom an eagle, all proper Motto: Nid Byd, Byd Heb Wybodaeth (A world without knowledge is no world at all) The two red dragons symbolise the optimism of Victorian north and south Wales and the open book symbolises the world of learning. The phoenix in the crest represents rebuilding after a fire in 1885.[71]
	Bangor Escutcheon: Motto: Gorau Dawn Deall (The best gift is knowledge) The arms are derived from those Llywelyn prince of Gwynedd, also found in the Royal Badge of Wales. The university however has inserted a 'pale' (vertical strip) with an additional (fifth) lion, in this case 'rampant'. There is a similarity also to the arms of Owain Glyndŵr. However four Bangor lions are 'passant' (walking) rather than rampant as seen on the former's arms. The pale distinguishes the arms from those of Wrexham Glyndŵr University.
	Birmingham (University College), granted 20 September 1962 (to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Birmingham for the use of The Birmingham College of Food and Domestic Arts); transferred by royal licence 22 December 2014[72] Escutcheon: Per chevron Gules and Or a Chevronel Sable between in chief two Roundels Argent the dexter charged with a Garb and the sinister with a Boar's Head couped at the neck proper and in base a Flame of Fire between two Sprigs of Bay the stems crossed in base proper tied with a Riband Gules. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and Azure Out of a Mural Crown Or a dexter Arm embowed proper vested Bleu Celeste cuffed Argent the hand grasping a Cornucopia mouth downwards proper. Mantled Azure lined Or. Supporters: On the dexter side a Bull and on the sinister side a Bear both Or murally gorged Azure. Motto: Service before self
	Bishop Grosseteste, granted 26 June 1969 to predecessor Bishop Grosseteste College of Education Escutcheon: Azure, a bend ermine; over all on a cross moline Or a leopard's face gules jessant-de-lys vert Crest On a wreath Or, azure and vert, A demi lion pean, the head gules, gorged with a collar gemel and supporting a crosier the head enclosing a cross moline square-pierced Or Motto: Ne omnia sibi habeat (Not all things to oneself)
	Bolton, granted 5 March 1990 to predecessor Bolton Institute of Higher Education[73] Escutcheon: Or Fretty Gules overall three Moorcocks two and one Sable a Bordure Gules charged with eight Pomegranates Or seeded Gules Motto Sapientia Superat Moras (Wisdom overcomes difficulty) In the full arms, the crest features the red rose, the symbol of Lancashire, placed on an elephant, taken from the arms of Bolton.
	Buckinghamshire New, granted to predecessor institution i.e. Buckinghamshire Institute of Higher Education 4 January 1998 Escutcheon: Murray two Haunches vert fimbriated and conjoined to a Barrulet dancetty of two points downward Argent between in chief a Swan proper gorged with a Coronet and holding in the dexter foot a Torch Or enflamed proper and in base a like Swan contourny holding in the sinister foot a Botcher's chisel Or the blade proper Crest: Upon a helm with a Wreath Argent A Mount Vert thereon between two Wheels Or a Beech Tree proper Motto: Arte et Industria (Art and Industry) Note: the university logo is modification (reduction) of the above
	Canterbury, Christ Church, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Veritas liberabit vos (The truth shall set you free)
	Cardiff, granted 1988 to University of Wales College Cardiff Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Gwirionedd, Undod A Chytgord (Truth, unity and concord) The chevronels in the arms refer to the arms of the de Clare family, who were feudal lords of Glamorgan. The book is a symbol of learning. The crescent and annulet represent the two former institutions i.e. University College Cardiff and University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology that created the current university.
	Cardiff Metropolitan, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Gorau meddiant gwybodaeth (The most valuable possession is knowledge) The dragon in the crest is the symbol of Wales
	Chester, granted to predecessor Chester Diocesan Training College 5 July 1954 Escutcheon: Argent, on a cross gules a garb Or, in the first quarter in front of two swords in saltire proper, hilts and pomels gold, an open book also proper, clasped also gold Crest: On a wreath of the colours, In front of two swords in saltire proper, hilts and pomels Or, a mitre of the last charged with a garb gules Motto: Qui docet in doctrina (He that teacheth, on teaching) The open book is a symbol of learning, The golden wheatsheaf is from the arms of the city of Chester and the county of Cheshire. The crossed swords are also taken from these arms. St George's cross represents England. On the crest the bishop's mitre references the university's foundation as an Anglican teacher traning college.[74]
	Chichester, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Docendo Discimus (By teaching, we learn)
	Edge Hill, granted 24 January 2007[75] Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: In Scientia Opportunitas (In knowledge there is opportunity) The university's origins are represented by the three red roses of Lancashire in the shield and by the Liver bird in the crest, which refers to its original location in Liverpool. The colours heliotrope, gold and green found in the shield were used historically by the women's suffrage movement and reflect a commitment to equality and the university's founding as a female teacher training college.[76]
	Falmouth granted 14 October 2014 Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Creative, connected, courageous The arms depict a Falmouth Packet Ship demonstrating Falmouth's connection to the rest of the world. Atop the coat of arms is a crest which depicts a Cornish chough holding a paintbrush, pen and pencil signifying that Falmouth University is truly a specialist institution of the arts. Just below this is a reference to Pendennis Castle.
	Gloucestershire, granted 17 May 2002 Escutcheon: Three Chevronels interlaced in base Gules on a chief Azure a Cross formy Argent between two open books proper bound Or Crest: Out of an Ancient Crown Or a demi Griffon Gules wings addorsed Azure holding in the dexter foreclaw a Horseshoe reversed Or Supporters: Dexter a Stag Azure and sinister a Stag Gules both attired and unguled Or and standing upon a Compartment Vert thereon a Chevron wavy reversed throughout Argent charged with another Azure Motto: In animo et veritate (In spirit and truth)
	Harper Adams adopted from arms of the university's founder with new grant 28 October 2016 Escutcheon: Azure three Cats-a-Mountain passant guardant in pale Ermine two Flaunches Or gutty Azure Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Azure A Greyhound’s Head erased per fess Azure and Ermine gorged with a Collar embattled counter-embattled Or all within a Chain in arch also Or Motto: Utile Dulci (Useful and agreeable)
	Hartpury, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters Motto: Proud to belong
	Highlands and Islands, granted 2012[77] Escutcheon: The books represent learning, a compass with fleur-de-lys at north represents the university's location. The 13 hazel leaves, indicating wisdom in Celtic tradition, represent the 13 constituent academic institutions.[78]
	Imperial, granted 6 June 1908, when a college of the University of London[14] Escutcheon: Per fesse in chief the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in base or, an open book proper inscribed with the word "Scientia". Motto: Scientia Imperii Decus et Tutamen[79] (Scientific knowledge, the crowning glory and the safeguard of the empire) Note: The college became independent from the University of London in 2007.
	Law, granted 5 September 1967 to predecessor the College of Law Escutcheon: Ermine, on a cross gules a sword sheathed, point upwards, surmounted by an open book proper bound clasped and edged Or; on a chief gules, on a pale ermine between a pair of scales and a portcullis. chained, a Saxon crown Or Crest: On a wreath argent and gules, An owl, wings expanded, supporting with the dexter claw a posy of mignonette, stock and lavender, proper Motto: Leges Juraque Cognoscamus (Let us know the laws and rights)
	Liverpool Hope, granted 29 April 2010[80] Escutcheon: Gules a Cross engrailed of one point on each limb Argent surmounted by an open Book proper bound Azure and in the first quarter a mullet radiated Argent. Crest: (upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Gules): Upon the Capital of an Ionic Column a Lamb passant Argent supporting with its dexter forefoot over the shoulder a Staff Or entwined with Sprigs of Laurel and Olive alternately both proper and terminating in an Escallop Or. Supporters: Two cormorants proper Motto: ὲν πιστει ὲλπιδι και ἀγἀπη (Hope to all who need it)
	London, Arts, granted 1998 to predecessor the London Institute Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Primus inter artifices (First among artists)
	London Metropolitan, originally granted to London Guildhall, which merged with North London in 2002 Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Knowledge in abundance
	Newman, granted 6 November 1987 to predecessor Newman College of Education Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Ex Umbris In Veritatem (From the shadows to the truth)
	Northampton, granted at unkown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Ne Nesciamus (Let us not be ignorant) The arms feature a symbol of the (demolished) Northampton castle, referencing the town's arms. Two open books in the chief symbolise learning. The River Nene is represented by a wavy blue line both on the shield and the base. The sinister (left) supporter is a lion rampant representing the town. The dexter (right) supporter is a bull with a gold chain representing the county of Northamptonshire. Both supporters have footstools of the aforementioned castle. The crest is a roebuck which is from the arms of the Worshipful Company of Leathersellers with whom the university has a long association. The cogwheels in the crest represent technical education. The Tudor rose held by the roebuck also represents Northamptonshire.[81]
	Plymouth Marjon, granted 18 September 1925 to predecessor the College of St Mark and St John Escutcheon: Argent, two swords in saltire, points upwards, between four fusils gules; on a chief per pale azure and of the second, to the dexter a winged lion sejant guardant Or resting the dexter fore paw on an open book proper, and to the sinister a Paschal Lamb also proper Motto: Abeunt Studia In Mores (Out of studies comes character)
	Queen Margaret, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Azure, an ancient crown Argent, on a chief of the Last a book expanded Proper binding and fore-edges Vert between a cross flory cantoned between four martlets Or and a castle triple-towered and embattled Sable, masoned of the Second and capped with three fans Gules, windows and portcullis shut of the Last. The crown is a symbol of Queen Margaret. On the chief there is a castle representing Edinburgh, a book representing knowledge and a cross with four martlets. The latter symbolise learning and the former the canonisation of (Saint) Margaret.[82]
	Richmond, granted at unkown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Unity in Diversity
	Royal Agricultural, granted 20 September 1956 to predecessor the Royal Agricultural College Escutcheon: Per fesse indented azure and sable, over all a garb Or; in dexter chief an estoile argent Crest: Out of a coronet composed of six garbs set upon a rim Or, a ram's head sable, armed gold Supporters: On either side a Ram sable, armed and collared with a coronet composed of six garbs set upon a rim Or Motto: Arvorum Cultus Pecorumque (Caring for the fields and the beasts)
	St Mary's, Twickenham, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Monstra Te Esse Matrem (Show thyself to be a mother)
	Solent, granted 2020 Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Ready for the future The university states "The shield depict[s] the Solent and Isle of Wight in a simple geometric design to highlight the University's origins and location. The crest pictures two Northern Gannets fencing, which reflects the University's longstanding connection to maritime and the Solent. The supporters are adaptations of the 'Warsash Dragon', which represent the University's...maritime education."[83]
	South Wales, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Success through endeavour The shield features a bridge representing Pontypridd and words 'Cofia Ddysgu Byw' meaning 'Remember to Learn to Live' which was the motto of predecessor institutions. The sinister supporter and also crest dragon represents Wales. The dexter oriental dragon represents the university's openness to the world.
	Swansea, granted 1921 to predecessor University College, Swansea (Wales) Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Gweddw crefft heb ei dawn (Technical skill is bereft without culture) The hammer, pickaxe and anchor represent Swansea's industrial and maritime heritage, while the book represents academia. The dragon represents Wales
	Wales Trinity Saint David, granted at unknown date Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters:
	Winchester granted 2008 Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Wisdom ond lar (Wisdom and knowledge) The arms are adopted from those of King Alfred
	Worcester, granted to Worcester College of Higher Education 18 July 1988. Transferred by Royal Licence to University of Worcester 26 June 2006.[84] Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Ad Inspirandum Aspiramus (Aspire to inspire) The escutcheon has blue waves as symbol of the River Severn. The chief has two Worcestershire pears and a wheatsheaf representing agriculture of the region. The crest depicts mythical Sabrina of the River Severn and also two bullrushes representing the university campus on both banks. The supporters, swans holding pomegranates, are symbols of the river as well as persistence and regeneration.
	Wrexham Glyndŵr granted 16 February 2009[85] Escutcheon: Motto: Hyder trwy Addysg (Confidence through education) The similar arms of Owain Glyndŵr show 'rampant' lions. The university's arms however have 'passant' (walking) lions. These are also the arms of the ancient kingdom of Gwynedd, adopted too by Bangor university and found in the Royal Badge of Wales. The lions support books representing learning while the shield is divided 'dancetty' for heraldic difference.
	York St John granted 12 August 1981 to predecessor the College of Ripon and York St John Escutcheon: Argent on a Saltire Vert two Keys in saltire wards upwards and outwards Or on a Chief per pale Gules and Azure a Bugle Horn stringed Or between two Roses Argent barbed and seeded proper Crest: Issuing from a Crown two Torches pilewise enflamed Or each grasped in the talons of and Eagle rising wings displayed Sable Motto: Ut Vitam Habeant et Abundantius (They may have life and have it more abundantly)

Arms of constituent colleges

Cambridge

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	Christ's, confirmed in 1575 Escutcheon: Quarterly, first and fourth, Azure three fieurs-de-lys, two and one, Or; second and third, Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or; all within a bordure compony argent and azure. [86] (These are the arms of Beaufort; they are used by both Christ's College and St John's College, both of which were founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort.[3])
	Churchill Escutcheon: Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Sable a lion rampant Argent, on a canton of the second a cross Gules (Churchill); 2nd and 3rd, quarterly Argent and Gules a fret Or, over all on a bend Sable three Escallops of the first (Spencer); over all in the centre chief point (as an augmentation of honour) an escutcheon Argent charged with the cross of Saint George in the centre point an open book Argent. Motto: Forward
	Clare, confirmed in 1684 Escutcheon: Or, three chevronels gules, impaling Or, a cross gules; all within a bordure sable guttee d'Or. [87]
	Clare Hall, date unknown Escutcheon: Chevronny Or and Gules on a chief Sable five goutties three and two Argent. [88]
	Corpus Christi, granted 23 December 1570 Escutcheon: Quarterly 1st & 4th Gules a pelican in her piety Argent vulning her breast Proper 2nd & 3rd Azure three lilies two and one Argent. [89]
	Darwin, granted 5 January 1966 Escutcheon: Argent, on a bend gules cottised vert between two mullets each within an annulet gules three escallops or (for Darwin) impaling Per fess dancetty azure and gules, a caduceus between in chief two roses Or (for Rayne); all within a bordure Or. Crest: On a wreath Or and azure, In front of a lion passant Or, murally crowned azure, holding in the dexter forepaw a key erect, wards outwards, Or three escallops argent [90]
	Downing, granted 13 April 1801 Escutcheon: Barry of eight argent and vert, a griffin segreant Or within a bordure azure charged with eight roses of the first, barbed and seeded proper. Motto: Quaerere verum [91]
	Emmanuel, granted 13 April 1801 Escutcheon: Argent, a lion rampant azure, armed and langued gules, holding in the dexter forepaw a laurel wreath proper, in the mouth a scroll [of the second] inscribed EMMANUEL in letters Or. [92]
	Fitzwilliam, assumed. Escutcheon: Lozengy argent and gules; a chief of the Arms of the University of Cambridge. [93]
	Girton, granted 14 February 1928. Escutcheon: Quarterly vert and argent, a cross fiory counterchanged between in the first and fourth quarters a roundel ermine and in the second and third quarters a crescent gules. [94]
	Gonville & Caius, granted 1575. Escutcheon: Argent, on a chevron between two chevronels indented sable three escallops Or, impaling Or, semee of flowers gentil, in chief a sengreen above two serpents erect and respecting one other all proper, the serpents' tails bound together and resting on a square stone of green marble in base, and between the serpents a closed book sable, edged gules clasped and garnished gold; all within a bordure compony argent and sable. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A dove argent, beaked and membered gules, holding in the beak by the stalk a flower gentil stalked vert. [95]
	Homerton, granted 22 December 1954. Escutcheon: Argent, a leopard's face jessant-de-lys sable between three griffins' heads erased gules; on a bordure azure eight open books proper. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A demi griffin holding between the claws a lozenge argent charged with a leopard's face jessant-de-lys as in the Arms. Motto: Respice Finem. [96]
	Hughes Hall, 1979. Escutcheon: Quarterly 1st and 3rd Gules an owl proper Or.; 5th Gules a torch Or; 2nd, 4th and 6th Ermine.
	Jesus, granted 1575. Escutcheon: Argent, a fesse sable between three cocks' heads erased sable, crested and jelloped gules; all within a bordure of the last charged with eight ducal coronets Or. Crest: Out of a ducal coronet Or a cock sable, crested and jellopped gules. [97]
	King's, granted 1 January 1449. Escutcheon: Sable, three roses argent; a chief per pale azure and gules charged on the dexter side with a fleur de lis and on the sinister with a lion passant guardant, both Or. [98]
	Lucy Cavendish, granted 1973. Escutcheon: Per fess enarched azure and sable, in chief two bars wavy argent, over all issuant from the fess line a water lily also argent slipped and leaved vert, and in base a buck's head caboshed, between the attires a lozenge argent charged with an escallop sable. Crest: On a wreath argent and azure, within a circlet azure charged with a barrulet argent and over all four estoiles or, a nautilus proper. [99]
	Magdalene, assumed. Escutcheon: Quarterly per pale indented Or and azure, on a bend of the second between in sinister chief and dexter base an eagle displayed a fret between two martlets of the first. [100]
	Murray Edwards, granted 1972. Escutcheon: Sable a Dolphin palewise head downwards to the dexter in chief three Mullets fesswise a Bordure embattled Argent.
	Newnham, granted 27 February 1923. Escutcheon: Argent, on a chevron azure between in chief two crosses bottonee fitchee sable and in base a mullet sable, a griffin's head erased Or between two mascles of the field. [101]
	Pembroke, recorded 1684. Escutcheon: Barry of ten argent and azure, an orle of five martlets gules dimidiated with paly vair and gules, on a chief Or a label of five points throughout azure. [102]
	Peterhouse, granted 1575. Escutcheon: Or, four pallets gules; on a bordure of the last eight open crowns of the first. [103]
	Queens', granted 1575. Escutcheon: Quarterly of six, first harry of eight argent and gules (for Hungary); second azure semee-de-lis Or a label of three points gules (for Anjou-Sicily); third Agent a cross potent between four crosses couped Or (for Jerusalem); fourth azure semee-de-lis Or a bordure gules (for Anjou); fifth azure crusily two barbels haurient and addorsed Or (for Barr); sixth Or on a bend gules three allerions displayed argent (for Lorraine); the whole within a bordure vert. Crest: In a coronet of gold an eagle rousant sable winged gold. [104]
	Robinson, granted 1977. Escutcheon: Azure in base two Bars wavy Argent over all a Pegasus rampant Or gorged with a Crown rayonny Gules
	St Catharine's, recorded 1684. Escutcheon: Gules, a Catherine wheel Or. [105]
	St Edmund's Escutcheon: Arms of Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk (quarterly of four: Howard, Brotherton, Warenne, FitzAlan) with a canton of St Edmund of Abingdon (Or, a cross fleury gules between four Cornish choughs proper) all within a bordure argent.
	St John's, assumed. Escutcheon: Arms of Margaret Beaufort: Quarterly France Modern and England; a bordure compony argent and azure.
	Selwyn, granted 3 December 1964. Escutcheon: Per pale gules and argent, a cross potent quadrate [per pale] argent and Or between four crosses paty, those to the dexter argent, those to the sinister Or, for the See of Lich field, impaling Argent, on a bend cotised sable three annulets Or, for Selwyn; all within a bordure sable. Crest: On a wreath Or and purpure, In front of a book erect, bound gules, edged, clasped and garnished Or, a representation of the pastoral staff of Bishop Selwyn. Motto: ANΔΡΙΖΕΣΘΕ [106]
	Sidney Sussex, granted 1675. Escutcheon: Argent, a bend engrailed sable, impaling Or, a pheon azure. [107]
	Trinity, granted 1575. Escutcheon: Argent, a chevron between three roses gules, barbed and seeded proper; on a chief of the second a lion passant guardant between two closed books, all Or. [108]
	Trinity Hall, granted 1575. Escutcheon: Sable, a crescent within a bordure ermine. [109]
	Wolfson, granted 1973. Escutcheon: Ermine a chevron gules between in chief two lions passant guardant or, and in base a handbell proper

Durham

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	Collingwood Escutcheon: Argent a Chevron between three Stags' Heads erased Sable a Bordure Gules charged with eight Crosses of St Cuthbert of the field. Crest: On a Wreath Argent Gules and Sable issuant from the top of a Tower triple towered Or a Holly Tree fructed proper Mantled Sable doubled Argent. Motto: Aime le meilleur[110]
	Grey Escutcheon: Gules a Scaling Ladder in bend Argent between two St Cuthbert's Crosses proper. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Gules A Phoenix Or enflamed proper charged on each wing with a Cross Formy quadrate Gules. Motto: Gradibus ascendimus[110]
	Hatfield Escutcheon: Azure, a chevron Or between three lions rampant Argent, a bordure Ermine. Crest: Out of an ancient crown Or a panache of five ostrich feathers Ermine charged with a chevron Sable. Motto: Vel primus vel cum primis[110][111] (From 1846 to 1954 the arms of Bishop Hatfield were used undifferenced and without a formal grant; in that year a formal grant was obtained, differenced from the arms of Bishop Hatfield by the addition of the ermine border.[112])
	John Snow Escutcheon: Argent a Cross formy quadrate azure, a chief azure thereon a Yorkshire rose argent between two lions rampant Or. Motto: per scientiam et prudentiam quaere summam[110]
	Josephine Butler Escutcheon: Gules on a chevron Or charged with a Cross formy, with cotises invected, between in chief two lions Argent and in base an open book charged with two covered cups. Motto: Comme je trouve[110]
	Stephenson Escutcheon: Argent a chevron between two fleurs-de-lis in chief and a cross fleurettée in gules a chief gules theoreon three lions rampant argent. Motto: Me quondam mirabitur orbis [110]
	St Aidan's Escutcheon: Per chevron Argent and Sable in chief two ancient Northumbrian Crosses Gules in base two Keys in saltire wards upwards of the first. Crest: Motto: Super fundamentis certis[110]
	St Chad's, granted 17 December 1951 Escutcheon: Vert a Cross potent quadrate Or in chief a Durham Mitre of the last between two Lions rampant Argent. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, two hands Proper grasping a plate, thereon a cross pattee quadrate Gules. Motto: Non vestra sed vos[110][113]
	St Cuthbert's, granted 31 May 1957 Escutcheon: Vert a representation of St Cuthbert's Cross proper a Bordure Argent. Crest: Motto: Gratia gratiam parit[110]
	St Hild & St Bede Escutcheon: Argent on a Chevron Purpure three Ammonites of the first in base a Cross paty quadrate Gules a Chief Azure thereon between two Lions rampant Or a pale of the last charged with a Cross patonce also Azure. Crest: Motto: Eadem mutata resurgo[110]
	St John's, granted 31 May 1957 Escutcheon: Quarterly Argent and Azure in the first and fourth a Cross Formy Quadrate Gules in the second an Eagle wings elevated and inverted Or in the third a Lion rampant Crowned with an Ancient Crown of the last all within a Bordure quarterly of the second and Gold. Crest: Motto: Fides nostra victoria[110]
	St Mary's, granted 31 May 1957 Escutcheon: Argent a Cross Formy Quadrate Gules a Chief Azure thereon a Durham Mitre Or between two Lilies proper. Crest: Motto: Ancilla Domini[110]
	South Escutcheon: Purpure between an Owl Close Guardant and a Cross Formy Quadrate both Argent a pile inverted conjoined with an orle of the second charged with a Torch enflamed of the first. Motto: Libertas, aequalitas, civitas totius mundi[110]
	Trevelyan Escutcheon: Gules issuant from Water in base barry wavy of four Argent and Azure a Demi-Horse forcene Or in chief three Saint Cuthbert's crosses Argent. Crest: Motto: Vera fictis libentius[110]
	University, granted 29 May 1912 Escutcheon: Azure a Cross patonce Or between four Lions rampant Argent on a Chief of the last a Cross of St Cuthbert Sable between two Durham Mitres Gules. Motto: Non nobis solum[110]
	Ustinov, granted 10 February 1966 Escutcheon: Ermine a Cross formy quadrate Gules on a Chief indented Sable between three Lions rampant Argent two Lozenges Or.[110] Crest: Motto: Diversitate Valemus
	Van Mildert, granted 3 February 1966 Escutcheon: Gules two Scythe blades in saltire in chief the Cross of St Cuthbert Argent. Crest: On a Wreath of the Colours in front of a Castle of three Towers Sable a Silver Penannular Brooch proper the ends charged with Gilded Crosses of St Cuthbert. Motto: Sic vos non vobis[110]

Lancaster

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	County College, granted 30 September 1969 Escutcheon: Gules, on three piles, two from the chief and one from the base, Or three roses gules, barbed and seeded proper; over all a chevron azure, and on a chief azure a lion passant Or. Crest: On a wreath Or and gules, Issuant from an ancient crown azure a bezant between two oak leaves proper. Motto: Sint consilio nihil. [114](Nothing Without Counsel)
	Fylde College, granted 1981 (originally the arms of Fylde Rural District Council, 1954-1974) Escutcheon: Vert the Sails of a Windmill saltirewise Or on a Chief intented of the last a Rose Gules barbed and seeded proper between two Fountains. Crest: Out of a Coronet of four Cinquefoils set on a Rim Argent a dexter Arm in Armour embowed proper the hand gauntleted also proper and pendant therefrom a Buglehorn Sable stringed and garnised Or. Motto: Gaudeat ager. [115]

London

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	Birkbeck, granted 31 December 1948 Escutcheon: Chequy Or and sable, on a pale argent a sword gules; a chief of the second, thereon an owl of the third between two antique lamps of the first inflamed proper.[116] Crest: On a wreath of the colours, A demi lion reguardant Or resting the sinister paw on an anchor sable enfiled with an eastern crown gold. Motto: In Nocte Consilium [117] (Advice comes over night)
	City, granted 1 August 1966 Escutcheon: Murrey, upon a mount a beacon fired Or; a chief of the Arms of the City of London Crest: On a wreath of the colours, In front of a chaplet of laurel Or a dexter hand couped below the wrist proper, vested murrey, holding a torch enflamed Or. Motto: To serve mankind
	Goldsmiths, granted 24 August 1921 Escutcheon: Argent, a cross gules, on an inescutcheon azure a leopard's face Or; on a chief of the third an open book of the field edged and clasped gold
	King's, granted 21 March 1995 Escutcheon: Or on a Pale Azure between two Lions rampant respectant Gules an Anchor Or ensigned by a Royal Crown proper, on a Chief Argent an Ancient Lamp proper inflamed Gold between two Blazing Hearths also proper. [118] Crest: On a Helm with a Wreath Or and Azure Upon a Book proper rising from a Coronet Or the rim set with jewels two Azure (one manifest) four Vert (two manifest) and two Gules a demi Lion Gules holding a Rod Or Motto Sancte et Sapienter (With Holiness and Wisdom) (From 1829 to 1989 the arms of George IV were used without a grant, for which the college was fined 20 shillings in 1911. The current arms came into use in October 1989 but were not formally granted until 1995.[119])
	LSE, granted July 1922 Escutcheon: Sable a Beaver passant Or on a chief of the Second two closed Books Purpure clasped leaved and decorated gold.[116] Motto: Rerum cognoscere causas [120] (Knowing the causes of things)
	Queen Mary, granted 1996[121] (previous arms assumed 1989)[122] Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto: Coniunctis viribis (With united powers)
	Royal Veterinary, granted 1918 Escutcheon: Crest: Supporters: Motto Venienti Occurrite Morbo (Confront disease at onset)
	SOAS, granted 1918 Escutcheon: Argent a cross gules in the first quarter a sword in pale points upwards of the last on a chief also gules an open book proper between a lotus bud on the dexter and a lotus slipped and leaved on the sinister both or.[116] Crest: Supporters: Motto Knowledge is Power

Nottingham

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	Sutton Bonington, granted c.1902, carried forward in 1947 when the former Agricultural College became a college under the University of Nottingham. Escutcheon: Argent a chevron Vert charged with a book Or and proper between two garbs Or, set between three cows Gules. Crest: Motto: Aras Seris Metis (Plough, Sow, Reap)

Oxford

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	All Souls, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Or a chevron between three cinquefoils Gules.
	Balliol, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Gules an inescutcheon voided Argent impaling Azure a lion rampant Argent ducally crowned Or.
	Brasenose, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Tierced in pale: (1) Argent, a chevron sable between three roses gules seeded or, barbed vert (for Smyth); (2) or, an escutcheon of the arms of the See of Lincoln (gules, two lions of England in pale or, on a chief azure Our Lady crowned seated on a tombstone issuant from the chief, in her dexter arm the Infant Jesus, in her sinister arm a sceptre, all or) ensigned with a mitre proper; (3) quarterly, first and fourth argent, a chevron between three bugle-horns stringed sable; second and third argent, a chevron between three crosses crosslet sable (for Sutton).
	Christ Church, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Sable, on a cross engrailed argent, a lion passant gules, between four leopards' faces azure, on a chief or, a rose gules barbed and seeded proper, between two Cornish choughs sable, beaked and membered gules.
	Corpus Christi, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Tierced per pale: (1) Azure, a pelican with wings endorsed vulning herself, or; (2) argent, thereon an escutcheon charged with the arms of the See of Winchester (i.e. gules, two keys addorsed in bend, the uppermost or, the other argent, a sword interposed between them in bend sinister of the third, pommel and hilt gold; the escutcheon ensigned with a mitre of the last); (3) sable, a chevron or between three owls argent, on a chief of the second as many roses gules, seeded of the second, barbed vert.
	Exeter, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Argent, two bends nebuly sable (arms of Stapledon) within a bordure of the last charged with eight pairs of keys, addorsed and interlaced in the rings, the wards upwards, or. Motto: Floreat Exon
	Harris Manchester, assumed Escutcheon: Gules two torches inflamed in saltire proper, on a chief argent, between two roses of the field barbed and seeded, an open book also proper. Motto: Veritas Libertas Pietas
	Hertford, assumed Escutcheon: Gules, a hart's head cabossed Argent, attired and between the attire a cross patty Or, fitched in the foot Motto: Sicut Cervus Anhelat Ad Fontes Aquarum
	Jesus, assumed Escutcheon: Vert, three stags trippant argent attired or.
	Keble, assumed Escutcheon: Argent, a chevron engrailed gules, on a chief azure, three mullets pierced or.
	Kellogg, matriculated April 1999 [123] Escutcheon: Per pale indented argent and azure on the argent a chevron enhanced gules in base a book azure leaved argent on the azure an ear of wheat palewise or the whole within a bordure gules.
	Lady Margaret, assumed in 1928 Escutcheon: Or, on a chevron between in chief two talbots passant and in base a bell azure a portcullis of the field. Motto: Souvent Me Souviens
	Linacre, matriculated in 1988 Escutcheon: Sable an open Book proper edged Or bound Gules the dexter page charged with the Greek Letter Alpha the sinister page charged with the Greek Letter Omega both Sable the whole between three Escallops Argent. Motto: No End To Learning
	Lincoln, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Tierced per pale, Barry of six argent and azure, in chief three lozenges gules, on the second bar of an argent a mullet pierced sable; Argent, thereon an escutcheon of Gules two lions passant guardant or, on a chief azure the Blessed Virgin Mary ducally crowned seated on a throne issuant from the chief, on her dexter arm the infant Jesus and holding in her sinister hand a sceptre, all gold: the escutcheon ensigned with a mitre azure garnished and stringed or; Vert, three stags statant two and one or.
	Magdalen, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Lozengy ermine and sable, on a chief of the second three lilies argent slipped and seeded or Motto: Floreat Magdalena
	Mansfield Escutcheon: Gules an open book proper inscribed DEUS LOCUTUS EST NOBIS IN FILIO in letters sable bound argent edged and clasped or between three cross crosslets or.
	Merton, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Or, three chevronels party per pale, the first and third azure and gules, the second gules and azure. Motto: Qui Timet Deum Faciet Bona
	New, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Argent, two chevronels sable between three roses gules barbed and seeded proper. Motto: Manners Makyth Man
	Nuffield, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Ermine on a fesse or between in chief two roses gules barbed and seeded proper and in base a balance of the second three pears sable.
	Oriel, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or a bordure engrailed argent.
	Pembroke, matriculated 14 February 1625 Escutcheon: Per pale azure and gules three Lyons rampant, two and one, Argent, in a Cheife party per pale Argent and Or, in the first a Rose Gules, seeded or, barbed vert in second a Thistle of Scotland proper.
	The Queen's, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Argent, three eagles displayed gules, beaked and legged or, on the breast of the first, a mullet of six points of the last.
	St Anne's, Escutcheon: Gules, on a chevron between in chief two lions heads erased argent, and in base a sword of the second pummelled and hilt or and enfiled with a wreath of laurel, three ravens, all proper.
	St Antony's, matriculated in 1952 Escutcheon: Or on a chevron between three tau crosses gules as many pierced mullets of the field. Motto: Plus Est En Vous
	St Catherine's Escutcheon: Sable a saltire ermine between four catherine wheels or. Motto: Nova et Vetera
	St Cross Escutcheon: Argent a Cross Potent Purpure a Quarter counterchanged. Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Purpure an Armillary Sphere upon a Stand Or thereon a Dove with wings elevated and displayed Argent holding in the beak a Sprig of Mulberry fructed and leaved proper mantled Purpure doubled Argent. Motto: Ad Quattuor Cardines Mundi [124]
	St Edmund Escutcheon: Or, a cross patonce Gules cantoned by four Cornish choughs Proper.
	St Hilda's Escutcheon: Azure, on a fess or three estoiles Gules in chief two unicorns' heads couped, in base a coiled serpent Argent. Motto: Non Frustra Vixi (I lived not in vain)
	St Hugh's Escutcheon: Azure, a saltire Ermine, between four fleurs-de-lys Or.
	St John's Escutcheon: Gules, on a bordure Sable, eight estoiles Or, on a canton Ermine, a lion rampant of the second, in chief an annulet of the third. Crest: A stork Proper.
	St Peter's Escutcheon: Per pale Vert and Argent, to the dexter two keys in saltire Or surmounted by a triple towered castle Argent masoned Sable and on the sinister a cross Gules surmounted by a mitre Or between four martlets Sable, the whole within a bordure Or.
	Somerville Escutcheon: Argent, three mullets in chevron reversed Gules, between six crosses crosslet fitched Sable. Crest: A dexter hand Argent grasping a crescent Or. Motto: Donec Rursus Impleat Orbem (Until it should fill the world again)
	Trinity Escutcheon: Per pale or and azure, on a chevron between three griffins' heads erased four fleurs-de-lys, all counter-changed.
	University, confirmed in 1574 Escutcheon: Azure, a cross patonce between four [sometimes five] martlets or.
	Wadham, assumed Escutcheon: Gules, a chevron between 3 roses argent barbed vert (Wadham); impaling Gules, a bend or between 2 escallops argent (Petre).
	Wolfson Escutcheon: Per pale Gules and Or on a chevron between three roses two pears all counterchanged the roses barbed and seeded proper. Crest: On a wreath of the colours in front of a representation of an arch in Iffley Church two rods of Aesculapius in saltire proper surmounted by a torch or inflamed proper. Motto: Humani Nil Alienum
	Worcester, assumed from Sir Thomas Cookes Escutcheon: Or two chevronels Gules between six martlets Sable. Crest: A mural coronet Or therefore a dexter arm in armour Proper garnished of the last grasping a hilt Argent hilted and pommelled Or on the arm two chevronels Gules

Roehampton

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	Southlands College, granted 12 February 1968 Escutcheon: Azure, on a chevron cotised between in chief two fleurs-de-lys and in base a lamp Or inflamed proper, three escallops gules. Crest: On a wreath of the colours, In front of a demi sun Or a pelican in her piety proper. Motto: Light, love, life[125]

West London

Arms	College	Full Achievement
	London College of Music, granted 23 December 1944 Escutcheon: Azure on a pale Argent between two harps Or stringed of the second a sword Gules. Crest: On a wreath of the colours five trumpets in pile Or enfiled with a riband Azure. Supporters: On either side a swan rousant Proper charged on the wing with a harp Azure. Motto: Persevere[126]

Arms of constituent halls

Oxford

Arms	Hall	Full Achievement
	Campion Hall Escutcheon: Argent on a cross sable a plate charged with a wolf's head erased of the second between in pale two billets of the field that in chief charged with a cinquefoil and that in base with a saltire gules and in fesse as many plates each charged with a campion flower leaved and slipped proper on a chief also of the second two branches of palm in saltire enfiled with a celestial crown or.
	Regent's granted 3 March 1958 Escutcheon: Argent, on a cross gules an open Bible proper irradiated Or, the pages inscribed with the words 'Dominus Jesus' in letters sable; on a chief wavy azure a fish gold Motto Omnia probate quod bonum tenete (Examine all and what is good, keep)
	St Stephen's House Escutcheon: Per chevron Gules and Sable in chief two Cross crosslets and in base a Celestial Crown Or. [127]
	Wycliffe Hall Escutcheon: Gules, an open book proper the pages inscribed with the Latin words "Via Veritas Vita" in letters sable on a chief azure three crosses crosslet argent and in base an estoile or.

Manchester

Arms	Hall	Full Achievement
	Hulme Hall Escutcheon: Barry of eight, Or and Azure, on a canton Argent, a chaplet Gules proper. Crest: A lion's head coupled Gules on a cap of maintenance (Gules turned up Ermine) upon the helmet of a gentleman. Motto: Fide Sed Cui Vide (Trust, but Mind Whom)[128] The arms used by Hulme Hall are those of William Hulme, who founded the Hulme Trust in 1691, which later provided significant financial aid to Hulme Hall.
	St. Anselm Hall Escutcheon: Crest: Motto: Credo Ut Intelligam The attributed arms of St. Anselm. The hall has formerly displayed these arms with a bishop's mitre placed above the shield.

Former universities

Arms	University	Full Achievement
	Manchester (Victoria), granted 14 October 1871 as Owen's College, Manchester[129] Escutcheon: Argent, a serpent nowed vert on a chief nebulée azure, a sun issuant or. Crest Between two branches of laurel a palm tree proper, suspended in front thereof by a riband azure, a shield argent, thereon a lion rampant gules and a chief of the last charged with three bendlets or. Motto Arduus ad Solem (Note: This university merged in 2004 with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new institution the University of Manchester)
	Queen's University of Ireland, granted 15 September 1851 Escutcheon: Argent a saltire Gules charged with a royal crown of England between an open ancient book in chief and the Irish harp in base all Proper. (Note: This university dissolved in 1882)
	Royal University of Ireland, granted 11 October 1881 Escutcheon: Per saltire Ermine and Ermines an open book Proper clasped and surmounted by the royal crown Or between four escutcheons two in pale and two in fess the escutcheons in pale representing respectively the provinces of Leinster and Munster viz. Leinster Vert an Irish harp Or stringed Argent and Munster Azure three antique crowns Or the escutcheons in fess representing respectively the provinces of Ulster and Connaught viz Ulster Or a cross Gules on an escutcheon Argent a dexter hand couped also Gules and Connaught per pale Argent and Azure on the dexter a dimidated eagle displayed Sable and on the sinister conjoined therewith at the shoulder a sinister arm embowed Proper sleeved of the first holding a sword erect also Proper. (Note: This university closed in 1909.)
	Victoria[13] Escutcheon: Party per pale Argent and Gules a rose counterchanged between in chief a terrestrial globe semée of bees volant and a golden fleece and in base a cormorant holding in the beak a branch of seaweed called laver all Proper. Motto: Olim Armis Nunc Studiis (Note: This federal university ceased to exist in 1904, with institutions in Leeds and Liverpool becoming independent and a new charter granted to the Victoria University of Manchester)
	University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, granted 1956 as the Manchester College of Technology. (Note: This university dissolved in 2004)

Universities formerly within the United Kingdom

Arms	University
	Dublin, granted 28 March 1862 Escutcheon: Quarterly Azure and Ermine in the first quarter a book open Proper bound Gules clasped Or and in the fourth quarter a castle of two towers Argent flammant Proper over all in the centre point the harp of Ireland ensigned with the royal crown. Granted 28 March 1862 by Sir John Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms[130]
	Ireland (National), granted 1912 Escutcheon: Vert a harp Or with seven strings Argent in chief a five-pointed star of the second charged with a trefoil of the field. Mottoes: Veritati and Fir Fer Granted 7 May 1912 by Nevile Wilkinson, Ulster King of Arms.[131] Now within the Republic of Ireland

Former constituent colleges

Arms	College
	Armstrong College, Durham[132] Escutcheon: Argent, a cross pattée, quadrat in the centre gules, on a chief of the last three towers of the first, all within a bordure compony of the second and or, on a canton the arms of Baron Armstrong. (The arms of Baron Armstrong: Gules, a tilting spear fessewise or, headed argent, between two dexter arms embowed in armour, couped at the shoulders fessewise proper, hands extended of the last.) Crest: A tower, thereon a beacon fired all proper Motto Mens agitat molem (Merged with the University of Durham College of Medicine 1937 to form King's College, Durham; became Newcastle University 1963.)
	The College of the Venerable Bede, Durham[133] Escutcheon: Argent, an ancient Northumbrian cross gules a chief azure thereon between two lions rampant or a pale gold charged with a cross patonce also azure. (Merged with St Hild's College 1975 to form the College of St Hild & St Bede, with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both.)
	Bedford College, London, granted 13 August 1913[116] Escutcheon: Argent, between two flaunches paly bendy Or and sable a cross patee throughout gules voided of the field surmounted by an open book of the second; on a chief of the third, an antique lamp gold enflamed proper. (Merged with Royal Holloway College, London 1985 to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (now Royal Holloway, University of London), with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both.)
	Bishop Cosin's Hall, Durham[13] Escutcheon: Azure, a fret or. (Merged into University College, Durham 1864.)
	Cardinal College, Oxford[134] Escutcheon: Azure, on a cross engrailed argent a lion passant gules between four leopards' faces of the field, in the first quarter a griffon passant supporting a column or, in the second quarter an open book argent leathered gules, garnished or, on a chief of the last a Cardinal's hat of the third, between a torteau charged with two crosses in saltire of the fourth and a key of the second encircled by a crown of the fourth, and a hurt charged with a lion rampant argent, collared of the fourth, and a saltire of the last. (Suppressed 1531 and refounded as Christ Church 1546, retaining some elements of the arms.)
	Chelsea College, London (Merged into King's College London 1985.)
	Heythrop College, University of London Motto: Nil Sine Fide (Nothing Without Faith) (Closed 2019)
	Neville's Cross College, Durham[133] Escutcheon: Argent a cross patee quadrate gules on a canton of the second a saltire of the field. Motto: Ne viles (Do not wish anything base) (Now part of New College Durham.)
	Queen Elizabeth College, London[119] Escutcheon: Argent, a cross gules between four blazing hearths proper. (Merged with King's College London 1985)
	Queen Mary College, London[116] Escutcheon: Azure upon three several clouds (the sun-beams issuing ) three ancient imperial, crowns tripled all proper on a chief gules an open book also proper embellished and clasped or and inscribed SOLI DEO HONOR ET GLORIA in letters sable between two mullets also or. (Merged with Westfield College, London 1989 to form Queen Mary and Westfield College, with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both. Further merged with St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College 1995 to form Queen Mary, University of London with another new coat of arms.)
	Royal Holloway College, London, granted 1 May 1944[135] Escutcheon: Ermine, on a cross gules another argent, over all in the fesse point an open book proper; on a chief of the second three crescents Or. Motto: Esse quam videri (To be, rather than to seem to be) Merged with Bedford College, London 1985 to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (now Royal Holloway, University of London), with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both.
	St Hild's College, Durham Escutcheon: (in 1964; illustrated left)[133] Argent a cross patee quadrate gules on a canton vert an ammonite or. Escutcheon: (in 1969; illustrated right)[136] Purpure three Ammonites in bend between two Cotices in chief a lion rampant supporting a Bourdon and in base a cross formy quadrate Argent Crest: (in 1969) On a wreath of the colours a crozier head or. (Merged with the College of the Venerable Bede 1975 to form the College of St Hild & St Bede, with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both.)
	University of Durham College of Medicine[13] Escutcheon: Argent, St Cuthbert's cross gules, a chief tierced in pale; (a) the arms of Bishop Hatfield; (b) Or, the rod of Eusclapius in pale proper; (c) Gules, a castle argent. (The arms of Bishop Hatfield: Azure, a chevron or, between three lions rampant argent.) (Merged with Armstrong College, Durham 1937 to form King's College, Durham; became Newcastle University 1963.)
	Westfield College, London[137] Escutcheon: Sable, a cross quadrate Or; on a chief of the last an open book proper bound gules between two mascles that on the dexter enclosing a sinister hand couped appaumee, that on the sinister a lion's paw erased, all of the first. Motto: Tolle Lege (Take up and read) (Merged with Queen Mary College, London 1989 to form Queen Mary and Westfield College, with a new coat of arms incorporating elements of both. Further merged with St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College 1995 to form Queen Mary, University of London with another new coat of arms.)

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This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Aston, Trevor (1984). The History of the University of Oxford: The early Oxford schools. Oxford University Press. p. 94. ISBN 9780199510115.

[oxfCollHS-2] "Oxford University and its Colleges". The Heraldry Society. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[camCollHS-3] "Cambridge University and its Colleges". The Heraldry Society. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[4] "The colleges and halls: King's". British History Online. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[5] "Services". College of Arms.

[protected-6] "Protected by their shields? Why are UK universities increasingly adopting coats of arms as their logos?". echer.org. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[7] "The coat of arms". cam.ac.uk. University of Cambridge. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[8] "Logo". york.ac.uk. University of York. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[9] "Our Coat of Arms". fitz.cam.ac.uk. Fitzwilliam College MCR. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[Patterson-10] Patterson, Bruce (1998). Claire Boudreau; Daniel Cogné; Auguste Vachon (eds.). Trends in university heraldry: the British empire and beyond. Actes Du 22e Congrès International Des Sciences Généalogique Et Héraldique À Ottawa 18-23 Août 1996. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 419–428. ISBN 9780776604725.

[warw-11] "University of Warwick - Armorial Bearings of the University". Retrieved 2 July 2019.

[Fox-Davies-12] Fox-Davies, Arthur (1915). The Book of Public Arms. pp. 800–814.

[Woodward-13] Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry. W. & A.K. Johnston. 1894. pp. 426–456. ISBN 9785878640695.

[collegeCrest-14] "The College crest". imperial.ac.uk. Imperial College London. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[15] "University of Dublin". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 23 September 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[16] Buck, G, ‘A Discourse or Treatise on the Third University of England,’ in Stow, J. Annales, or, a general chronicle of England. (1615). London. Richardi Meighen.

[17] "University of Aberdeen – Coat of arms (crest) of University of Aberdeen". www.ngw.nl. Retrieved 8 August 2017.

[18] "University of Aberdeen – Armorial Tablet". The Heraldry Society of Scotland. Retrieved 18 August 2007.

[19] "The coat of arms". University of Cambridge. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

[20] "University Coat of Arms". collections.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 August 2022.

[21] Guillim, John (1610). The Display of Heraldrie. p. 210.

[22] "University of St Andrews". www.st-andrews.ac.uk.

[23] Joseph Thomas Fowler (1904). Grant of Arms to the University. Durham University: earlier foundations and present colleges. F. E. Robinson. pp. 256–257.

[24] John Woodward (1894). A Treatise On Ecclesiastical Heraldry. ISBN 9785878640695.

[Thorp_Correspondence-25] "Calendar of the Charles Thorp Correspondence". Durham University. THO/593. Retrieved 20 August 2022. The university is the legitimate successor of Durham College, the property of which remained since the reformation in the hands of the Chapter and which successive Governments from Henry VIII downwards have proposed to apply to academic education at Durham

[26] Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1915). "The Book of Public Arms". archive.org.

[27] "University of Wales". www.wales.ac.uk.

[28] "University of Bristol". www.bristol.ac.uk.

[29] "University of Exeter". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[30] "University of Hull". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.

[31] "University of Leicester". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 18 February 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

[32] University of Leicester. "Our Motto and Coat of Arms". ourhistory.le.ac.uk.

[33] "University of Liverpool". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[34] "Elsewhere in the Archives". Newsletter. College of Arms (45). January 2016.

[35] "University of Nottingham". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

[36] "Grants and Confirmations of Arms Vol. K". National Library of Ireland. p. 177. Retrieved 25 June 2022.

[37] Fox-Davies, Arthur (1915). The Book of Public Arms. pp. 648–649.

[38] University of Reading. "90th anniversary". www.reading.ac.uk.

[39] Fox-Davies, Arthur (1915). The Book of Public Arms. p. 648.

[40] "The University of Sheffield". www.sheffield.ac.uk. 20 March 2023.

[41] "University of Southampton". www.southampton.ac.uk.

[42] Aston University. "The Arms of Aston University". www.aston.ac.uk.

[43] "The story of the University".

[44] "University of Bath, Coat of arms". 12 September 2015.

[45] "100 Objects from Special Collections at the University of Bradford". 100objectsbradford.wordpress.com. 27 July 2011.

[46] "University of Essex". www.essex.ac.uk.

[47] "Heriot Watt College". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

[48] "Keele University". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2019.

[49] "University of Loughborough". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2 July 2019.

[50] "University of Newcastle upon Tyne". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 21 June 2020.

[51] "Recent Grants of Arms". Newsletter. College of Arms (50). April 2017.

[52] "University of Sussex". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

[53] "University of York". heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2 July 2019.

[54] "Talks series to celebrate 25 years of Abertay University". 14 September 2021.

[55] "About Us". University of Central Lancaster.

[56] "What should the University of Central Lancashire's new logo be?". www.blogpreston.co.uk.

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