Asclepiadoideae

Asclepiadoideae
	Matelea denticulata[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Subfamily:	Asclepiadoideae; Burnett
Genera
	See text

The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. [2][3]

They form a group of perennial herbs, twining shrubs, lianas or rarely trees but notably also contain a significant number of leafless stem succulents. The name comes from the type genus Asclepias (milkweeds).

There are 348 genera, with about 2,900 species. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics,[4] especially in Africa and South America.

The florally advanced tribe Stapelieae within this family contains the relatively familiar stem succulent genera such as Huernia, Stapelia and Hoodia. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms they have developed for pollination, which independently parallel the unrelated Orchidaceae, especially in the grouping of their pollen into pollinia. The fragrance from the flowers, often called "carrion", attracts flies. The flies pollinate the flowers.

Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.

Tribes and genera

Asclepias syriaca

Microloma calycinum, Richtersveld, South Africa

The following five tribes are recognised:

Asclepiadeae

Ceropegieae

Ceropegia candelabrum

Caralluma acutangula, Burkina Faso

Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Burkina Faso

Stapelia gigantea

Eustegieae

Eustegia
Emicocarpus

Fockeeae

Cibirhiza
Fockea

Marsdenieae

Stephanotis floribunda

Genera now placed elsewhere

These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress et al (2014),[5] but many were recognized in Endress & Bruyns (2000).[3]

References

1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 363. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
Endress, M. E. and P. V. Bruyns (2000), "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l." (PDF), Botanical Review, 66 (1): 1–56, doi:10.1007/BF02857781
Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
Endress, Mary E.; LIEDE-SCHUMANN, SIGRID; MEVE, ULRICH (2014-02-14). "An updated classification for Apocynaceae". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 159 (3): 175. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2. ISSN 1179-3163.

External links

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[1] 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

[2] English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 363. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.

[:0-3] Endress, M. E. and P. V. Bruyns (2000), "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l." (PDF), Botanical Review, 66 (1): 1–56, doi:10.1007/BF02857781

[4] Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.

[Endress_LIEDE-SCHUMANN_MEVE_2014_p=175-5] Endress, Mary E.; LIEDE-SCHUMANN, SIGRID; MEVE, ULRICH (2014-02-14). "An updated classification for Apocynaceae". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 159 (3): 175. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2. ISSN 1179-3163.