Berothidae

The Berothidae are a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are known commonly as the beaded lacewings.[1] The family was first named by Anton Handlirsch in 1906.[2] The family consists of 24 genera and 110 living species distributed discontinuously worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions.[3] Numerous extinct species have also been described. Their ecology is poorly known, but in the species where larval stages have been documented, the larvae are predators of termites.[4]

Berothidae
Temporal range:
Spermophorella sp.
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Neuroptera
Clade: Euneuroptera
Superfamily: Mantispoidea
Family: Berothidae
Handlirsch, 1906
Subfamilies
  • Cyrenoberothinae
  • Berothinae
  • Nosybinae
  • Nyrminae
  • Protobiellinae
  • Trichomatinae
  • and see text

Systematics

The peculiar genus Lomamyia cannot be robustly assigned to any one subfamily. In addition, a considerable fossil diversity of beaded lacewings is known from the Late Jurassic onwards, containing numerous genera which are likewise basal or incertae sedis.

Extant genera
  • Asadeteva Aspöck & Aspöck, 1981
  • Austroberothella Aspöck & Aspöck, 1985
  • Berlekrumyia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
  • Berotha Walker, 1860
  • Berothimerobius Monserrat & Deretsky, 1999
  • Cyrenoberotha MacLeod & Adams, 1968
  • Isoscelipteron Costa, 1863
  • Lekrugeria Navás, 1929
  • Lomamyia Banks, 1904
  • Manselliberotha Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
  • Naizema Navás, 1919
  • Nodalla Navás, 1926
  • Nosybus Navás, 1910
  • Nyrma Navás, 1933
  • Ormiscocerus Blanchard, 1851
  • Podallea Navás, 1936
  • Protobiella Tillyard, 1923
  • Quasispermophorella Aspöck & Aspöck, 1986
  • Spermophorella Tillyard, 1916
  • Spiroberotha Adams, 1990
  • Stenobiella Tillyard, 1916
  • Tanzanberotha Aspöck & Hynd, 1995
  • Trichoberotha Handschin, 1935
  • Trichoma Tillyard, 1916

Extinct genera
  • †Ansoberotha Yang et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
  • †Araripeberotha Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • †Banoberotha Whalley 1980 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
  • †Caririberotha Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
  • †Cantabroberotha Pérez-de la Fuente, Peñalver & Engel, 2020, Spanish amber, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
  • †Cornoberotha Yang et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Dasyberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Elektroberotha Makarkin and Ohl 2015 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Epimesoberotha Jepson et al. 2012 Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
  • †Ethiroberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Haploberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Iceloberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Jersiberotha Grimaldi 2000 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian New Jersey amber, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
  • †Krokhathone Khramov 2015 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian)
  • †Maculaberotha Yuan et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Magniberotha Yuan et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †subfamily Mesithoninae Panfilov 1980
    • †Berothone Khramov 2015 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian
    • †Mesithone Panfilov 1980 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian Zaza Formation, Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • †Pseudosisyra Makarkin 1999 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
  • †Microberotha Archibald and Makarkin 2004 Hat Creek amber, Canada, Eocene (Ypresian)
  • †Nascimberotha Grimaldi 2000 New Jersey amber, Turonian
  • †Oloberotha Ren and Guo 1996 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
  • †Osmyloberotha Khramov 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Protoberotha Huang et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Sibelliberotha Azar and Nel 2013 Lebanese amber, Barremian
  • †Sinosmylites Hong 1983 Daohugou, Haifanggou Formation, China, Callovian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian, Ulaan-Ereg Formation, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
  • †Systenoberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Telistoberotha Engel and Grimaldi 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Xiaoberotha Shi et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Xenoberotha Makarkin 2017 Green River Formation, United States, Eocene

References
  1. Winterton, Shaun L. (2010). "A new species of Stenobiella Tillyard (Neuroptera, Berothidae) from Australia". ZooKeys (64): 1–8. doi:10.3897/zookeys.64.403. PMC 3088400. PMID 21594021.
  2. Archibald, S.B.; Makarkin, V.N. (February 2004). "New genus of minute Berothidae (Neuroptera) from Early Eocene amber of British Columbia" (PDF). The Canadian Entomologist. 136 (1): 61–76. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.552.2285. doi:10.4039/n03-043. S2CID 36459014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18.
  3. Aspöck, Ulrike; Randolf, Susanne (2 December 2014). "Beaded lacewings – a pictorial identification key to the genera, their biogeographics and a phylogentic analysis (Insecta: Neuroptera: Berothidae)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 61 (2): 155–172. doi:10.3897/dez.61.8850 – via Pensoft.
  4. Engel, Michael S.; Winterton, Shaun L.; Breitkreuz, Laura C. V. (2018-01-07). "Phylogeny and Evolution of Neuropterida: Where Have Wings of Lace Taken Us?". Annual Review of Entomology. 63: 531–551. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043127. ISSN 1545-4487. PMID 29324039.


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