Foreign relations of Cambodia

The Cambodian government has diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, including China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The government is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The government is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, and of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The government is also a member of the Pacific Alliance (as observer) and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner).[1]

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Cambodia
Monarchy
Government
Parliament
Elections
Foreign relations
Administrative divisions
Related issues

International disputes
See also: Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Delegates of the ASEAN Summit pose for a photograph at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 19 November 2012.

Cambodia is involved in a dispute regarding offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam. In addition, the maritime boundary Cambodia has with Vietnam is undefined. Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined.

Illicit drugs
Main article: Drugs in Cambodia

Cambodia is a transshipment site for Golden Triangle heroin, and possibly a site of money laundering. There is corruption related to narcotics in parts of the government, military and police. Cambodia is also a possible site of small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production. The country is a large producer of cannabis for the international market.[2]

International organization participation

ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), International Monetary Fund, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WB, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic relations
Diplomatic relations of Cambodia
Countries which Cambodia has diplomatic relations with:[3]
# Country Date
1  United States 11 July 1950
2  Thailand 19 December 1950
3  Italy 27 July 1951
4  Liberia 16 November 1951
5  Spain 16 November 1951
6  Australia 15 January 1952
7  United Kingdom 15 May 1952
8  Pakistan 28 May 1952
9  Sri Lanka 28 May 1952
10  India 30 May 1952
11  France 4 November 1952
12  Algeria 1953
13  Egypt 1953
14  Japan 4 May 1954
15  Myanmar 12 July 1955[4]
16  Laos 15 June 1956[5]
17  Russia 6 November 1956
18  Czech Republic 16 April 1957
19  Philippines 27 August 1957
20  Poland 16 April 1957
21  China 19 July 1958
22  Indonesia 13 February 1959
23  New Zealand 18 February 1959
24  Cuba 15 April 1960
25  Mongolia 30 November 1960
26  Singapore 26 April 1961
27  Lebanon 13 July 1963[6]
28  Hungary 22 July 1963
29  North Korea 20 December 1964
30  Argentina 1 February 1966
31  Guinea 1966
32  Vietnam 24 June 1967
33  Albania 9 October 1967
34  Austria 9 October 1967
35  Bulgaria 9 October 1967
36  Denmark 9 October 1967
37  Germany 9 October 1967
38  Israel 9 October 1967
39  Romania 9 October 1967
40  Switzerland 9 October 1967
41  Belgium 19 October 1967
42  Yemen 19 March 1968
43  South Korea May 1970[7]
44  Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 October 1972[8]
45  Cameroon 13 October 1972[9]
46  Colombia 1 August 1973
47  Jordan September 1974[10]
48    Nepal 18 April 1975[11]
49  Guyana 5 September 1975
50  Angola 4 December 1975
51  Peru 31 May 1976
52  Somalia Before 1983[12]
53  Cabo Verde March 1984[13]
54  Ethiopia 1980s
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1980s
55  Libya 16 February 1990
56  Sweden 27 April 1991
57  Canada 25 November 1991
58  Eswatini 13 December 1991
–  State of Palestine 17 December 1991
59  Malaysia 19 December 1991
60  Mauritania 9 March 1992
61  Ukraine 23 April 1992
62  Finland 23 May 1992
63  Portugal 29 May 1992
64  Iran 5 June 1992
65  Brunei 9 June 1992
66  Mexico 14 June 1992
67  Bangladesh 17 February 1993
68  Malta 6 June 1993
69  Chile 16 February 1994
70  Kazakhstan 25 February 1994
71  Nicaragua 10 March 1994
72  Brazil 25 March 1994
–   Holy See 25 March 1994
73  Bolivia 26 April 1994
74  Norway 29 April 1994
75  Burundi 15 May 1994
76  Turkey 14 June 1994
77  Venezuela 18 June 1994
78  Ecuador 29 June 1994
79  Kuwait 16 July 1994
80  Uruguay 29 September 1994
81  Papua New Guinea 7 October 1994
82  United Arab Emirates 21 October 1994
83  Paraguay 27 October 1994
84  Belize 1 November 1994
85  Georgia 17 November 1994
86  Mali 2 December 1994
87  Sudan 5 January 1995
88  Benin 23 January 1995
89  South Africa 26 January 1995
90  Azerbaijan 2 February 1995
91  Iraq 22 February 1995
92  Tanzania 8 March 1995
93  Moldova 10 March 1995
94  Kyrgyzstan 23 March 1995
95  Turkmenistan 6 April 1995
96  Tunisia 12 April 1995
97  Federated States of Micronesia 2 May 1995
98  Mauritius 18 May 1995
99  Ghana 24 May 1995
100  Armenia 18 August 1995
101  Uzbekistan 7 September 1995
102  Maldives 21 September 1995
103  Latvia 22 September 1995
104  Lithuania 22 September 1995
105  Vanuatu 26 September 1995
106  Belarus 25 October 1995
107  Tajikistan 29 November 1995
108  Netherlands 1 February 1996
109  Panama 15 February 1996[14]
110  Guatemala 26 February 1996
111  Honduras 26 February 1996
112  Greece 8 April 1996
113  Zambia 8 May 1996
114  Slovenia 16 July 1996
115  Seychelles 15 August 1996
116  Croatia 10 September 1996
117  Morocco 23 October 1996
118  North Macedonia 29 October 1996
119  Slovakia 20 February 1997
120  Mozambique 5 March 1997
121  Madagascar 25 March 1997
122  Senegal 14 October 1999
123  Ireland 30 October 1999
124  Cyprus 16 August 2000
125  Republic of Congo 13 September 2000
126  Nigeria 28 May 2001
127  Zimbabwe 30 June 2001
128  Luxembourg 15 May 2002
129  Timor-Leste 29 July 2002
130  Iceland 19 June 2003
131  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 December 2003
132  Estonia 31 August 2005
133  Rwanda 29 September 2005
134  Andorra 8 March 2006
135  Nauru 25 April 2007
136  Qatar 1 April 2008
137  Ivory Coast 9 April 2008
138  Dominican Republic 13 November 2008
139  Serbia 2 March 2009
140  Bahrain 29 June 2009
141  Kenya 4 July 2009
142  Montenegro 12 October 2009
143  Palau 26 October 2009
144  Oman 16 November 2009
145  Jamaica 12 January 2010
146  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12 January 2010
147  El Salvador 16 January 2010
148  Saudi Arabia 18 January 2010
149  Eritrea 2 February 2010
150  Chad 9 February 2010
151  Comoros 22 February 2010
152  Dominica 27 April 2010
153  Antigua and Barbuda 28 April 2010
154  Gambia 28 April 2010
155  Samoa 18 May 2010
156  Fiji 27 May 2010
157  Namibia 25 June 2010
158  Equatorial Guinea 30 June 2010
159  Guinea-Bissau 30 June 2010
160  Burkina Faso 2 July 2010
161  Togo 6 August 2010
162  Sierra Leone 7 October 2010
163  Syria 25 October 2010
164  San Marino 12 April 2011
165  Liechtenstein 8 June 2011
166  Tuvalu 28 June 2011
167  Malawi 20 July 2011
168  South Sudan 22 July 2011
169  Suriname 31 October 2011
170  Solomon Islands 22 February 2012
171  Djibouti 28 April 2016
172  Marshall Islands 20 January 2017
173  Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 November 2018[15]
174  Monaco 11 July 2019
175  Barbados 11 November 2019
176  Uganda 23 January 2020[15]

Bilateral relations

Africa
Country Formal relations began in Notes
 Egypt1953
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.

Americas
Country Formal relations began in Notes
 Canada25 November 1991See Cambodia–Canada relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Canada is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Cuba15 April 1960
 MexicoSeptember 1976
  • Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[16][17]
  • Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.[18]
 United States11 July 1950See Cambodia–United States relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Asia
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Brunei9 June 1992See Brunei–Cambodia relations
  • Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[19]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[19]
  • The relations are mainly on economics and security.
 China (PRC)19 July 1958See Cambodia–China relations
  • Cambodia and the People's Republic of China relations have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Phnom Penh
China China (ROC, Taiwan)No official relations
 India1981See Cambodia–India relations
  • Cambodia and India have ties that go deep into history, in areas of religion, architecture, art, political systems and royal families.
  • India has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in New Delhi.
 Indonesia1957See Cambodia–Indonesia relations
 Israel1960
1993 (reestablished)		See Cambodia–Israel relations
 Japan1950See Cambodia–Japan relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[21]
  • Both Countries relations that in 1946, King Norodom Sihanouk said that Japan do not need to pay for the destruction since 1940, he said Cambodia wanted to be allied with Japan.
 Laos15 June 1956
  • Laos has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[22]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Vientiane.[23]
  • Historically, relations have been tense, with long-standing unresolved border disputes.[24][25]
 Malaysia2 December 1996See Cambodia–Malaysia relations
  • The relations are mainly in economic.[26]
  • Malaysia was the fourth largest foreign investors to Cambodian in 2009.[27]
 Mongolia11 November 1960[28]
  • Cambodia is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Mongolia is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Vientiane, Laos.
   Nepal1964
 North Korea28 December 1964[29]See Cambodia–North Korea relations
 PakistanSee Cambodia–Pakistan relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Philippines1956See Cambodia–Philippines relations
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte with King Norodom Sihamoni at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on 14 December 2016.
  • The two countries have an agreements on economic and trade relations, agricultural and agribusiness collaboration, and tourism cooperation.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Singapore10 August 1965See Cambodia–Singapore relations
  • Cambodia was one of the first countries to recognize Singapore's sovereignty when it became independent in 1965.
  • Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong visited Cambodia in 2005 and 2012.
  • Singapore has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Singapore.
 South Korea18 May 1970[30][30]
King Norodom Sihamoni granting an audience to President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak in 2009.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

See Cambodia–South Korea relations

 Tajikistan1956
  • Cambodia embassy in Ankara, Turkey is presented for Tajikistan.
 ThailandSee Cambodia–Thailand relations
  • Cambodian–Thai border dispute
  • The Kingdom of Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • The Kingdom of Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand was once Cambodia's arch-enemy.
 Turkey1959[31]See Cambodia–Turkey relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$108.4 million in 2015 (Cambodian exports/imports: 94.7/13.7 million USD).[32]
 VietnamSee Cambodia–Vietnam relations
  • Bilateral relations between the Cambodia and Vietnam were for long strained due to the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • The maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Europe
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Denmark9 October 1967See Cambodia–Denmark relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  • Denmark is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Finland20 January 1970[33]
  • Finland recognized Cambodia on 19 December 1969. Diplomatic relations established on 20 January 1970, re-established 9 August 1976.[33]
  • Cambodia is represented in Finland through its embassy in London, England[34]
  • Finland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand[35]
 France1863See Cambodia–France relations
 Germany See Cambodia–Germany relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Greece
  • Cambodia's embassy in Brussels, Belgium is also accredited to Greece
  • Greece's embassy in Bangkok is also accredited to Cambodia.[37]
  • Both countries are full members of the Francophonie.[38]
 Hungary10 July 1995
 Poland29 March 1992
  • Poland closed its embassy in Phnom Penh at 2009[40] and accredited from Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Cambodia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Spain16 November 1951See Cambodia–Spain relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Switzerland1957[41]
  • Switzerland recognized Cambodia in 1957, and the two countries have maintained diplomatic relations since 1963.
  • Bilateral relations between Cambodia and Switzerland are good. Switzerland supports the transition process and development efforts in Cambodia.
  • Trade between the two countries is marginal.[41]
 United Kingdom1953
1976 (reestablished)		See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations
  • British Minister of State Hugo Swire visited Cambodia on 29 January 2014 to discuss solutions for political deadlock with the ruling and opposition parties.[42]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Oceania
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia1950's[43]See Australia–Cambodia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Canberra.[19]

Country with no relations

There are 17 countries that haven't establish any diplomatic relations with Cambodia:

See also

References
  1. Sok Udom Deth, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free.
  2. "Cambodia Office". United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  3. "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  4. "List of Countries having Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of the Union of Myanmar". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  5. "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  6. Mideast Mirror. 1963. p. 17.
  7. "Political Relations between Korea and Cambodia". 3 November 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  8. Asian Almanac. V.T. Sambandan. 1972. ISSN 0004-4520. Cambodia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo agreed to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level on October 5 {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. Daily Report: Asia & Pacific. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1972. p. 2.
  10. Khmer News. 1973. pp. 17–18.
  11. "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  12. Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issue 2840–2846. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983. p. 60.
  13. Lansford, Tom (2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. SAGE. p. 250.
  14. "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  15. "Diplomatic relations between Cambodia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  16. Embassy of Cambodia in the United States
  17. Relations between Mexico and Vietnam and Cambodia (in Spanish)
  18. Embassy of Mexico in Vietnam
  19. "Brunei-Cambodia Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Brunei). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  20. ממלכת קמבודיה, באתר משרד החוץ
  21. "Embassy of Japan in Cambodia". kh.emb-japan.go.jp. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  22. "Foreign Embassies in Phnom Penh". Royal Embassy of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  23. "Cambodia Missions Worldwide". Royal Embassy of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  24. David Levinson, and Karen Christensen, eds. Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. (2002) 1:426–426.
  25. Baird, Ian G. (June 2010). "Different views of history: Shades of irredentism along the Laos – Cambodia border". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 41 (2): 187–213. doi:10.1017/s0022463410000020. S2CID 154683966.
  26. Kun Makara (24 September 2012). "Malaysia-Cambodia trade increases". The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  27. "Cambodia, Malaysia pledge to further trade, investment relations". People's Daily Online. 12 May 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  28. "List of states with diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mongolia. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  29. Wertz, Daniel; Oh, JJ; Kim, Insung (August 2016). Issue Brief: DPRK Diplomatic Relations (PDF). The National Committee on North Korea. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  30. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific". mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  31. "Relations between Turkey and Cambodia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  32. "Turkey-Cambodia Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  33. "Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Cambodia". formin.finland.fi. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  34. "Embassy of the Kingdom of Cambodia – Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Diplomatic representation of Cambodia in Finland". formin.finland.fi. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  35. "Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Finnish missions in Cambodia". formin.finland.fi. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  36. Pantheon-Sorbonne University (ed.). "La visite du général de Gaulle à Phnom Penh. Entre mythes et réalités". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  37. "Bilateral Relations: Cambodia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece). 2009. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  38. "Membres" (in French). L'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. 2009. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  39. chivorn. "ប្រមុខការទូតហុងគ្រី អញ្ជើញសម្ពោធជាផ្លូវការការិយាល័យស្ថានទូតហុងគ្រីនៅកម្ពុជា ក្រោយបញ្ចប់ជំនួបជាមួយប្រមុខការទូតកម្ពុជា (Video inside)". FRESH NEWS. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  40. "Diplomacy: Embassy in Poland closes". m.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  41. "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Cambodia". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  42. Ly Menghour (30 January 2014). "English Foreign Minister Visits Cambodia". RFI Khmer.
  43. "Cambodia country brief – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". dfat.gov.au. Retrieved 14 May 2016.

Further reading
  • Deth, Sok Udom, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free.
    • Path Kosal, "Introduction: Cambodia's Political History and Foreign Relations, 1945-1998" pp 1–26
  • Acharya, Amitav. The Making of Southeast Asia: International Relations of A Region (Cornell UP, 2012)
  • Chandler, David. The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War, and Revolution since 1945 (Yale UP, 1991)
  • Ciorciari, John D. "Cambodia in 2019: Backing Further into a Corner." Asian Survey 60.1 (2020): 125–131. online
  • Clymer, Kenton. Troubled Relations: The United States and Cambodia since 1870 (Northern Illinois UP, 2007).
  • Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia border conflict." Asian Survey 18.5 (1978): 448–457. online
  • Leng, Thearith. "2016: A Promising Year for Cambodia?." Southeast Asian Affairs (2017): 133–146. online
  • Morris, Stephen J. Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political culture and the causes of war (Stanford University Press, 1999).
  • Peou, Sorpong. "Cambodia in 2018: a year of setbacks and successes." Southeast Asian Affairs 2019.1 (2019): 104–119. online
  • Richardson, Sophie. China, Cambodia and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Columbia UP, 2010)
  • Smith, Roger. Cambodia's Foreign Policy (Cornell UP, 1965).
  • Un, Kheang, and Jing Jing Luo. "Cambodia in 2019: Entrenching One-Party Rule and Asserting National Sovereignty in the Era of Shifting Global Geopolitics." Southeast Asian Affairs 2020.1 (2020): 117–134. online
  • Westad, Odd Arne, and Sophie Quinn-Judge, eds. The third Indochina war: conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972-79 (Routledge, 2006).
  • Womack, Brantly. "Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s." Journal of Strategic Studies 26.2 (2003): 92-119 online.
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